I try to calculate brake force for a primitive eddy current brake. The idea is that when a magnetic flux passes through a conductor (copper tube), it excites eddy currents, which are the source of the magnetic field, which is oppositely directed with respect to the external field, thereby generating a braking force.
I found the equation for the braking force, which is calculated through power losses, and derived the expression for power losses. But I don't know how to determine the frequency (а) for calculating the skin effect (б), because I use direct current (eddy currents are excited by a quasi-alternating magnetic field). I also can't decide what to use as the characteristic length (lh) for the magnetic Reynolds number (Rm). I assume that it could be the diameter of the copper tube or the length of the area through which the magnetic flux passes.