ernst39

The gravitational field of a point mass m0 at rest is interpreted as an expanding sphere of g-information, whose radius is increasing with the speed of light and within which there is a stationary state. A gravitational field is a physical entity in the Euclidean space. We can associate this with Hubble's law. Indeed: T - the time expired since that field was created (this is the time period that the universe exists) - and R - the radius of that field - are related by the following relationship: R = c.T So, if one assumes that matter came into existence 1,4.1010 years ago, than the radius of the universe must be 1,4.1010 light-years. If one further assumes that the universe uniformly swells since the time of its genesis, than a point at a distance r from m0 drives away with a speed v: v = (r/R).c = (c/R).r = (1/T).r = H0.r with H0 is the "Hubble constant". Informatons have no particle properties. They carry nothing but information. An oscillating electrically charged point mass emits an EM wave that can be explained as the macroscopic manifestation of the harmonic fluctuations of the indices of the informatons (post # 51). At the same time it radiates energy in the form of discrete packet's that are intertwined with the wave and that we call "photons". I interpret these photons as informatons in a special status: namely informatons that at the moment of emission are loaded with a quantum of energy. Because photons have particle properties, in a gravitational field they are subject to a tendency to accelerate in order to become blind for the flow of g-information generated by the source('s) of that field. This explains that a massive body causes their path to bend.

There is apparantly confusion about "inflow" into ... 1. When we consider an empty spatial region, the inflow of g-information is equal to the outflow. In that case, the g-information flow comes from the neighbouring masses that emit g-information in the direction of that region. (that is what the paper says on p. 18 about the in- and outflow in each spatial region) 2. Emitting g-information is an intrinsic characteristic of mass, so there is no inflow of g-information into mass (answer to the question of swansont in #72). Yes, informatons are mass, energy and momentumless. They can be detected as they - emitted by oscilating charged masses - transport a quantum of energy and show themselves as photons. The interaction between particles is treated in § 5.9 of the paper (p. 41). When an extern g-field disturbs the symmetry of the g-field of a particle, this particle experiences a tendency to accelerate in order to become blind for the extern g-field.

If you mean the inflow into masses, the answer is: there is no inflow of g-information into mass. The emission of g-information is considered as an intrinsic characteristic of material objects: it is the way in which mass manifests its physical presence in its surroundings. A particle is at the center of its own g-field (g-information cloud) that - as effect of the emission of informatons - is continuously regenerating and expanding.

I am sorry that I cannot answer to all your questions. I think that's because my deduction of GEM is completely independent of GRT. When I developed the theory, it was my intention to describe a possible microscopic mechanism that could explain the laws of GEM and EM, and the phenomena of the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions. An important starting point was the assumption that space and time are not constituent elements of nature but elements of our thinking about nature. To give a physical meaning to the concept "field" as mediator for gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, I developed the idea that "information carried by informatons " is the substance of gravitational and electromagnetic fields. That implies that this type of information is considered as one of the constituent elements of nature. In my papers I show that the known and experimentally confirmed laws of gravitation (Newton, GEM, ...) and electromagnetism (Coulomb, Maxwell, ...) can be derived from the "postulate of the emission of informatons" only using the mathematical techniques of calculus. The theory is consistent. An argument for this is the fact that the deduction from it of the force between two particles that with the same speed describe parallel paths gives the same expression as SRT (post #55, attachment3, p.4). Another argument can be found in the deduction of the relation between the force and the linear momentum (attachment to this post). A few answers: -The metrics I use to formulate GEM are chosen with the intention to accentuate the analogy with EM - I limit myself to special cases where a mass at rest relative to an inertial reference frame O' is considered by an observer linked to an inertial reference frame O relative to which O' moves with constant velocity v. In that situations I may use the simplest form of the Lorentz-transformation. - I didn't rename "beta": I call information about the velocity of a moving object "beta-information". In any case, thanks for your appreciated remarks and links. The outflow of informatons from masses is postulated as the way masses manifest themselve "at a distance". The hypothesis is that a mass shows its substantiallity (its physical presence) by the emission of informatons. By emitting information at a rate proportional to its mass, a particle sends information about its position (contained in the attribute sg) and its mass to other particles. attachment.pdf

What you call "flux" is in my text "g-field" (density of the g-information flow) Eg , and wat you call "total flux" is my text "g-flux" (intensity of the g-information flow) (see attached file). In any case the g-flux through a closed surface is completely defined by the enclosed mass. Masses from outside don't contribute to that g-flux what implies that the total quantity of g-information (emitted by enclosed and not enclosed masses at rest) in the space enclosed by a surface is constant (that is what I mean with "stationary state"). This implies not that those extern masses don't contribute to the g-field at a point of that enclosed space (see attached file) bijlage.pdf

It are not the fluxes that decrease as 1/r2 but the flux-densities: the flux per unit surface. The match between the incoming and the outcoming fluxes is a consequence of the fact that the surface-elements increase as r2.

1.Where comes the g-information from? Given the fact of the orientation of the gravitational force FG exerted by a particle with mass m1 in the origin O of an inertial reference frame O on another particle with mass m at an arbitrary point P (it points from P to O) and given the fact that the magnitude of this force depends on the mass m (it is directly proportional to it) and on the distance r from P to O (it is inversely proportional to it), particle m must receive "information" about the presence in space of particle m1. In other words particle m1 must send "information" about its mass and about its position to particle m. Because this conclusion is independent of the position and the mass of particle m we can generalize it and posit that a particle manifests itself in space by emitting information about its mass and about its position. We consider this type of information as a substantial element of nature and call it "g-information". We propose that it is transported by mass and energy less granular entities that rush through space with the speed of light. Because they carry nothing but information, we call these grains "informatons". This means that we assume that a material object manifests its substantiality (its physical presence) by continuously emitting informatons. 2. Flux and flux-density When we consider the situation of a particle in the origin of an inertial reference frame surrounded by a closed surface, the g-flux through that surface (the rate at which g-information flows through the surface) must be idependent of its form and must be equal to the rate at which the particle is emitting g-information (conservation of g-information). In the special case where the surface is a sphere with center O and radius r, it follows that the g-flux through that surface is independent of r, but that the density of the g-flux (the rate per unit surface at which g-information passes near a point of that surface) is proportional to r--2. When we consider a closed surface that doesn't surround the particle, the incoming g-flux (generated by the particle) must be equal to the outcoming g-flux. Indeed the informatons emitted by the particle at O move along radial paths and fly right through the closed surface. In my papers c is invariant with respect to the Lorentz transformation.

1. An informaton doesn't have "spin". The fundamental attribute is called "g-index" and defined in the postulate of the emission of informatons. The "g-index" of an informaton refers to information carrried by the informaton about the position of its emitter and equals the elementary quantity of g-information. It is the only attribute of an informaton emitted by a neutral object at rest relative to an inertial reference frame O. It is represented by a vectorial quantity sg that (in O) points to the emitter, the magnitude of sg is the "elementary quantity of information". (In early versions of the theory, I indicated sg with the term "spin", but because that that led to confusion with quantum mechanics I changed the name in "g-index".) 2. We consider an inertial reference frame O and a particle in its origin O. According to the postulate of the emission of informatons, that particle continuously emits informatons at a rate proportional to its rest mass and generates an expanding spherical cloud of informatons. From the fact that the rate at which informatons flow through a spherical surface with center O and radius r is equal to the emission rate, it follows that the rate at which informatons flow through a surface-element of that sphere is proportional to the inverse square of r. You can find the details of the calculation in attachment 1 (#60)

1. In 5.5.1 and 5.5.2 we consider a particle that is moving with constant velocity relative to an inertial reference system O along the Z-axis of that system. The characteristic deviation (fig. 8) of the informatons passing near an arbitrary point P is determined by the velocity of their emitter, the point mass. This implies that the sine of the characteristic deviation (for an observer in O) also is determined by the velocity of the mass and so is s-beta that has the dimension of g-information. It's evident that the velocity of the mass and the characteristic deviation both are considerd relative to the same inertial reference frame. They have both another value when the particle is considerd in another inertial reference frame. 2. There is no relation between the quantum mechanical intrinsic angular momentum and the g-index of an informaton (post #57). 3. Your remark about the equilibrium covers the informatons emitted by a mass at rest in the origin of an inertial reference frame (fig 4). Because the emission rate is constant and because the speed of the informatons also is constant, the rate at which informatons flow into a closed region must be equal to the rate at which they flow out.

Velocity with respect to the inertial reference frame relative to which the mass is moving. I used the term "spin" in an older version of the theory. Because it gives rise to confusion, I got it replaced by "g-index".

In attachment 1 you find an excerpt of A. Acke, Fundamentals of the Theory of Informatons (post #41) in which the concepts "g-information", "informatons", "g-field", "beta-information", "g-induction" are defined. In attachment 2 you find an excerpt of A. Acke, Gravito-electromagnetism explained by the Theory of Informatons (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268576021_GRAVITATION_EXPLAINED_BY_THE_THEORY_OF_INFORMATONS?ev=prf_pub) with the derivations of the laws of GEM (the analogues of Maxwell's laws). Some more arguments for the existence of informatons: - the prediction (§6) of the upper limit of the frequency of the EM-waves radiated by an oscillating charged particle (proton, electron, ...) - the prediction (§6) that the energy carried by a graviton not only depends on the frequency of the emitter, but also on its nature. - the theory of informatons not only describes the duality of light, it explains it. Occam's razor states that among competing hypotheses that predict equally well, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. I do not think that this plays to the disadvantage of the theory of informatons about gravitation and electromagnetism. The theory is developed within the traditions of classical physics. It illustrates the fact that we don't need GRT to explain GEM. In attachment 3 you find some excerpts from A. Acke, Gravito-electromagnetism explained by the Theory of Informatons, with mathematical deductions in relativistic conditions. uittreksel 1.pdf uittreksel 2.pdf uittreksel 3.pdf

A difference between the mainstream approach and mine is that the theory of informatons unifies gravitation and electromagnetism: the informatons are the constituent elements of both gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Unlike the mainstream approach (of electromagnetism), the theory of informatons explains the duality of light. In §6 it is shown that an oscillating point charge in any direction emits a "train"of informatons: their e-indices have a transversal component that macroscopically manifests itself as a transversal E-field that fluctuates harmonically in space, and the macroscopic manifestation of their b-indices is an - also harmonically oscillating - transversal B-field, that is perpendicular to the E-field.This means that the attributes of the informatons explain the emission by an oscillating charge of an electromagnetic wave. On the other hand , some of these informatons show themselves as "photons": informatons transporting a quantum of energy. That explains that an oscillating charge radiates: it emits energy in the form of discrete packets. There are arguments to assume that informatons are more than hypothetical entities, that they really exist: - the fact that it is possible correctly to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields as macroscopic manifestations of their attributes - the fact that it is possible to derive the laws of GEM and Maxwell's laws (laws that experimentally can be checked) from the kinematics of their attributes - the prediction of the duality of light (and of gravitational radiation).

You could be more specific. You can find a lot of publications about GEM on arXiv, some examples: - C.J. de Matos and M. Tajmar: Advance of Mercury Perihelium by Cogravity (gr-qc/0304104) - B. Mashhoon: Gravitoelectromagnetism: A brief Review (gr-qc/0311030) - A.I. Arbab: The generalized Newton's law of gravitation versus the general theory of relativity (arXiv:1105191) How I deduce the gravito-electromagnetic description of gravition from the postulate of the emission of informatons: 1. I identify the gravitational field of a point mass at rest in an inertial reference frame with the cloud of g-information created and maintained by that mass, and I identify the density of the flow of g-nformation at a point with the gravitational field strenght E at that point. 2. I show that the gravitational field of a point mass that is moving relative to an inertial reference frame is characterized by two components: the field E and the induction B. The density of the cloud of beta-information at a point is identified with the gravitational induction at that point. (beta-information is information about the velocity of the moving source of the field). 3. I mathematically deduce the laws of GEM from the kinematics of the informatons: these laws are the macroscopic manifestations of the relations between the two attributes (g-index and beta-index) of informatons emitted by moving masses. 4. I deduce the force laws from the tendency of an object to become blind for flows of g-information generated by other objects. 5. I show that an accelerated point mass is the source of radiation of energy. I don't claim that this observations are not consistent with mainstream theory, but I notice that they can be explained by extending Newton's law of general gravitation with a component that takes the movement of gravitating objects into account. I describe the gravitational and the electromagnetic fields relative to an inertial reference frame: an observational reference frame (a Cartesian coordinate system to which a standard clock is linked) relative to which light propagates rectilinear (in the sense of the Euclidean geometry) with constant speed everywhere in the empty space linked to that frame. This definition implies that the space linked to an inertial frame is seen as an homogeneous, isotropic, unlimited and empty continuum in which the Euclidean geometry is valid. A reference frame O' moving relative to an inertial reference frama O is itself also an inertial reference frame. The coordinates of an event linked to the inertial reference frames O and O' are related by the Lorentz transformation (what refers to Einstein's SRT).

1. I refer to scientific publications (C.J. de Matos, M. Tajmar, Arbab I. Arbab, ...) where it is shown that certain concrete predictions made on the basis of the gravito-electromagnetic description of gravity are perfectly in line with the results of cosmological observations. (That is because, unlike Newton's law of universal gravitation, GEM takes the movement of the gravitating objects into account). 2. I deduce the gravito-electromagnetic description of gravity from the starting point of the theory (the postulate of the emission of informatons). The laws of GEM (gravitational analogues to Maxwell's laws) are mathematically derived from the kinematics of the informatons and the law describing the gravitational interaction (analogue to Lorentz force law) is explained as the effect of the tendency of an object to become blind for flows of g-information generated by other objects.

Hallo Strange, The predictions made by the theory of informatons match with those made by GEM (advance of Mercury Perihelion, precession of planets and binary pulsars, ...) and GEM is not contrary to GRT. Indeed within the framework of general relativity, GEM has been discussed by a number of authors ((Brahim Mashoon, ...) and they interpret GEM as an approximation - valid under certain conditions - to the Einstein field equation. The theory of informatons explains the GEM description of gravity by the hypothesis that the substance of the gravitational field is "g-information" carried by "informatons". This is an extension of the idea that there is a formal analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism (Heaviside, Jefimenko).

There is a formal analogy between the gravito-electromagnetic description of gravitation and the mathematical description of the electromagnetic phenomena (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism). In the article "Fundamentals of the Theory of Informatons" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272506055_Fundamentals_of_the_theory_of_Informatons), it is shown that this analogy perfectly can be explained by the hypothesis that any material object manifests its substantiality by the emission - at a rate proportional to its rest mass - of "informatons": granular mass and energy less entities rushing away with the speed of light and carrying information about the position, the velocity and the electrical status of their emitter. In the frame of that hypothesis gravitational and electromagnetic fields can be understood as the macroscropic manifestations of the attributes of the informatons, and the laws of GEM as well as Maxwell's laws can be deduced from the kinematics of the informatons. In the article the following topics are discussed: 1. Space as an imaginary boundless three-dimensional continuum in which objects and events can be located. 2. Time as an imaginary one-dimensional continuum in which events can be dated. 3. Reference frames as coordinate systems used to represent the position and the orientation of objects and events at a particular time. 4. Mass as the source of informatons. 5. Gravitational and electromagnetic fields as the macroscopic manifestations of the attributes of the informatons. 6. Gravitons and photons as informatons carrying a quantum of energy. That article is complementary to more technical presentations of the theory that have been published in Vol36/4 and Vol 36/6 of "Hadronic Journal" (http://www.hadronicpress.com)

Gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) describes the gravitational phenomena by introducing a gravitational field that can be viewed as a combination of two fields: a force field and an induction field. It is assumed (Heaviside, Jefimenko, ...) that this composite field - that serves as a mediator for the gravitational interactions - is isomorphic with the electromagnetic field. In the article "INFORMATION AS THE SUBSTANCE OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS" (http://viXra.org/abs/1306.0008) it is shown that the GEM-description of the gravitational interactions between two - whether or not moving - particles can perfectly be explained by the hypothesis that "information carried by informatons" is the substance of gravitational fields.

Hello Elfomat, Thanks for the interesting comment on the theory of informatons and for your suggestion for the extention of it. I will think about it. Starting from the intention to explain the analogy between Newton's universal law of gravitation and Coulomb's law, it turned out that the fundamental assumptions about the nature of the informatons reproduce - in connection with gravitation - "gravito-electromagnetism", a linear approximation of General Relativity (see paper: "Gravitation explained by the Theory of Informatons" - http://vixra.org/abs/1301.0114)

In the article "Electromagnetism explained by the Theory of Informatons" (http://vixra.org/abs/1301.0114), the electromagnetic phenomena and laws are - inclusive the mathematical derivations - explained by the hypothesis that "information" (more accurate "e-information") is the substance of electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic field (E,B) in a point is characterized as the macroscopic manifestation of the presence of e-information near that point. Maxwell's laws are mathematically deduced from the dynamics of the informatons.The electromagnetic interactions are explained as the effect of the trend of an electrically charged object to become blind for flows of e-information generated by other charged objects.Photons are identified as informatons carrying a quantum of energy, what helps to understand the strange behaviour of light as described by QEM.

As I previously announced, the theory of informatons is about the physics studied in textbooks for a calculus based course for science and engineering students (eg. Hans Ohanian - PHYSICS). More specifically, by introducing "information" as a physical concept, these theory wants to give an explanation for the phenomena and the laws of gravitation and electromagnetism. 1. When we say that it is the "substance" of gravitational and electromagnetic fields, we mean that "information carried by informatons" makes these fields what they are: not just mathematical constructions but elements of the physical world. 2. The constituent element of that substance is called an "informaton". The theory of informatons starts from the hypothesis that any material object manifests itself in space by emitting informatons at a rate that is proportional to its rest mass: the rest mass is the only factor that determines the rate at which an object emits informatons. Informatons are identified as dot-shaped mass and energy less entities that run through space with the speed of light. 3. The fundamental attribute of an informaton is called its "g-spin". The g-spin of an informaton refers to information about the position of its emitter and equals the elementary quantity of g-information. It is the only attribute of an informaton emitted by a neutral object at rest. It is represented by a vectorial quantiy s-g that points to the emitter, the magnitude of s-g is the "elementary quantity of g-information". 4. A neutral object at rest emits informatons whose g-spin-vector (s-g)has the same direction of their velocity vector (c). This is no longer the case when the emitter is moving. How greater the speed of the emitter, how greater the deviation of s-g relative to c. This deviation is characteristic for the speed of the emitter. The additional attribute of an informaton referring to information about the status of motion of its emitter is called its "beta-index". The beta-index of an informaton is represented by a vectorial quantity s-beta that is perpendicular to the plane (s-g, c), its magnitude is proportional to the transversal component of the velocity of the emitter. 5. Informatons emitted by an electrically charged object have moreover an attribute that refers to information about the electrical status of their emitter. This attribute is called the "e-spin". The e-spin of an informaton refers to information about the sign of the charge, about the position and about the ratio of the quantity of charge Q to the mass m of its emitter. The e-spin is represented by a vectorial quantity s-e that, if the charge is at rest, is on the line connecting the informaton with its source. If the charge is moving, the additional attribute referring to information about the status of motion of its emitter is called its "b-index". The b-index plays in the case of EM the role that the beta-index plays in the case of gravitation. 6. The theory of informatons explains gravitational and electromagnetic forces as the reaction of a material object on the disturbance of the characteristic symmetry of its "own" cloud of g/e- information by the flux of g/e-information emitted by other objects. There is no mechanical interaction between informatons and matter. 7. The theory of informatons explains why gravitational and electromagnetic fields are isomorphic. From its starting points it follows that its scope is limited to the spacetime of the SRT and that its results are in line with this theory. So the fundamental hypothesis of the theory of informatons is that any object that has rest mass emits informatons at a rate that is characteristic for that rest mass: the information-emission-rate, just as the rest mass m, are measures for the amount of matter within the contours of a physical object.

In the article "The gravitational Field of an accelerated Mass - Gravitational Waves" (published in Vol 3 - No 10 of PRESPACETIME JOURNAL) it is demonstrated how gravitational waves can be explained by the theory of informatons. It is shown that: - an oscillating point mass is the source of a "gravito-magnetic" wave that is analogous to the electromagnetic wave emitted by an oscillating point charge - an oscillating point mass emits energy in the form of granular entities called "gravitons": these are - in analogy with "photons" - identified as energy packages carried by informatons.

In the article "A gravitational and electromagnetic Analogy", Oliver Heaviside deduced in 1893 gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) starting from the idea that gravitational and electromagnetic fields must be governed by analogue laws: the laws of GEM are formulated by analogy with Maxwell's laws. In the article "Physical Foundation of Gravito-Electromagnetism - The Theory of Informatons" published on "Intellectual Archive"(branch: Natural Science; area:Physics; subject: Astrophysics; author: Antoine Acke), the idea is elaborated that this analogy points to the fact that gravitational and electromagnetic fields are both the macroscopic manifestation of the same microscopic phenomenon. Their elementary consituent (microscopic) is called "informaton" (§1), their substance (microscopic) is called "information" (§2,3). We can say that the relation of the "theory of informatons" to the "theory of fields" is similar to that of the "kinetic theory of gases" to the "ideal-gas law": the informatons play the role of the molecules. The new article contains a complete exposition of the "theory of informatons" with regard to GEM, including the mathematical derivations of the laws of GEM (§4) and the deduction of the mechanism of the gravitational interactions (§5) from the trend of a mass to become blind for flows of information generated by other masses. Comments in connection with previous texts are taken into account. The conclusion (§6) is that the gravitational field is continuously regenerating, that it has a granular structure, that is isomorphic with the electromagnetic field, that it macroscopically can be described as a continuum that is governed by the laws of GEM and that the force law is isomorphic with Lorentz's law in electromagnetism.

The statements formulated in message nr 30 are elaborated in the article "The Nature of the gravitational Field" published in PRESPACETIME JOURNAL - Vol 2 - Issue 11.

The article "Physical Foundation of the Theory of Fields: the Theory of Informatons" (http://www.prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/viewFile/174/182'>http://www.prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/viewFile/174/182) - published in PRESPACETIME JOURNAL - vol 2 -issue 4 (http://www.prespacetime.com) - focuses on the backgrounds and the essential points of the theory of informatons. The hypothesis, that the substance of gravitational and electromagnetic fields is "information" carried by dot shaped entities called "informatons", leads to the following insights: - the fields are continuously regenerating - relative to an inertial reference frame, gravitational and electromagnetic phenomena propagate at the speed of light - there is noise on the vectorial quantities Eg/E and Bg/B -that macroscopically characterise a field - the field Eg/E created and maintained by a uniform moving mass/charge in a point P, always points to the actual position of its source, and not to the position where that source is seen from P - the dynamics of the informatons translates in the laws of G.E.M./Maxwell - there is a perfect isomorphism between G.E.M. and E.M. - a photon/graviton is an informaton that transports a quantum of energy The theory of informatons leads to a force law in G.E.M., that is analogue to the force law of Lorentz in E.M. In §1.6 of the article is shown that this is consistent with S.R.T., what is not the case with the force law introduced in the version of G.E.M. deduced from G.R.T.

That the "theory of informatons" can explain electromagnetism (EM) in the same way as it explains gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) is shown in the article "Theoretical Foundation of Electromagnetism" (http://www.prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/viewFile/102/130'>http://www.prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/viewFile/102/130) published in PRESPACETIME JOURNAL - volume 1 - issue 10 pp. 1455-1476 (http://www.prespacetime.com). It is shown that it is possible to understand the phenomena and to deduce the laws of EM by introducing e-information as the substance of the electromagnetic field. Since e-information plays in EM the role that g-information plays in GEM, those two areas of physics must be related. It follows that an accelerated point mass emits a gravitational wave in the same way as an accelerated point charge emits an electromagnetic wave; and that a gravitational wave must transport energy in the form of discrete packages that are the analogues of photons. In the article, these packages - informatons carrying a quantum of gravitational energy - are called "gravitons".