swansont

Your units don't work, so the answer can't be right. You want an electrostatic force equal to the weight. F=qE is the electrostatic force F=mg is the weight. Set them equal and solve for E (note that there is no need to solve for F)

This might be of help. Note the dropdown menu at the top. And you might look at this as well.

No, I'm a physicist. (a physician is a medical doctor)

I'm not aware of any evidence that it does, and there's plenty to suggest that it doesn't, as theory predicts.

Yes, although laser cooling can do lots of other things - lots of investigations into gases where the atoms move slowly. Cold collisions, atomic clocks, trapping radioactives for nuclear investigations, atom optics (atoms moving slowly have an appreciable deBroglie wavelength) Here is a list of labs around the world that do atom traps. Fairly complete for research labs, I expect, but there are undoubtedly a few omissions. This is a fun java applet that demonstrates evaporative cooling.

If light enters a medium with index >1 it slows down, and if it hits something it scatters. But within a medium of constant index, the speed is a constant. Space is a vacuum of moderate quality, so photons can make it quite far without hitting anything. There is nothing like friction to act on light.

One difference is that it contains ions, so they have interactions via the electric field rather than through collisions as with a gas. There is more here with more links included.

Technically, no. But it would give an acceleration indistiguishable from gravity. You'd have "I can't believe it's not gravity!"

I didn't mean to imply that the experiment precluded sci-fi time travel. I was just clarifying that clocks ticking at different rates in the experiment was not an example of sci-fi time travel. Nothing in the experiment travelled backward in time. Put another way, sci-fi time travel always boils down to how do you get around the causality problem. There was nothing acausal in the H-K experiment.

An object moving has energy, but isn't necessarily using energy.

A plasma is basically a gas of charged particles. Once the temperature is high enough, there is enough thermal energy to ionize atoms and keep them from recombining. The behavior of such a collection of particles would be distinct from the other more common phases of matter.

Or recombination.

Any of them. If you can switch off an antigravity device, it is conceivable you could make a perpetual motion machine: Turn the machine on. Raise a mass. Turn the machine off. Let the mass fall and do work (e.g. turn a turbine) If it took less energy to raise the mass than the work you extracted, you have perpetual motion. So if such a device exists, it must consume at least as much energy as you save in lifting the mass. It can't be a static device that can be used to e.g. shield half of a ferris wheel, because that's perpetual motion, too. Once you start being able to create energy you coud also decrease entropy, so it really doesn't matter which laws of thermo you discuss; you'd be violating them.

The observers would see light at c, but of different frequencies. They would never measure another observer's speed as exceeding c; once you start moving fast you find that speeds don't add linearly (we just don't see it at small speeds). Your two observers would see each other moving at about 0.88c. See here

Most, if not all, of the standard moon hoax objections are addressed here