swansont

The answer to a specific question like this may not be (and is probably not) available; you'd have to know the evolutionary ancestors to trace a lineage. Have they been preserved e.g. in the fossil record? If not, then your ability to find out has been decreased. That's why asking for details of the evolution of one particular species is often an exploration of a bad faith discussion. The orchid mantis is an extant species, so it took less than ~4 billion years to evolve.

Yes. There’s a lot of things like that in physics. Physics doesn’t describe reality; it describes how nature behaves. So photons may not be real, but nature behaves as if they are.

Water boiling is changing phase, but it’s still comprised of water molecules, the number of which remains the same. “photons are not matter there for have no mass” has the reasoning backwards. They have no mass, therefore they are not matter.

Fermions have half-integer spin Baryons are made up of an odd number of quarks. Baryons are fermions. Not all fermions are baryons Writing something down doesn’t make it true. Did you get this somewhere? If so, cite your source. Of course matter (and antimatter) can be created and destroyed. You acknowledge annihilation but insist that matter is conserved…

The classical view is matter has mass and takes up space. A deeper dive shows that it’s anything comprised of fundamental fermions. Bullshit. Back this up.

You are asking what physics says about a situation that is unphysical. Physics has nothing to say about it. No. Please don’t make stuff up and post it. Matter is a description; it has no units.

How do you “take away” the mass? It’s the energy it represents that matters, so it can’t just disappear. If you try and analyze a situation that violates physical law, you can’t get a valid answer.

No they aren’t. Taneda is wrong, and you’ve been provided rebuttals of this. Speed is length/time. Speed of gravity ≠ gravity itself Start a new thread to discuss how the speed of gravity has been determined

No. It’s not pure anything. E^2 = m^2c^4 + p^2c^2 (for a particle at rest, this becomes the familiar E = mc^2) If m = 0, then E = pc You can also find this classically for electromagnetic waves

Unfortunately there are few things so outlandish that you can’t find a credentialed person so say/support it. (there are those with physics PhDs who question relativity, for example, and same for biology and evolution) At best it’s a sloppy description that caters to the lay crowd. But it’s wrong and has no place in a discussion striving to have some rigor. We frown on such piggybacking. If your question is not directed at/replying to the OP, it should be asked in a new thread.

Columbus wasn’t looking for a civilization that he didn’t know existed. AFAIK, neither did the proto Polynesians Remember that the context if this discussion is aliens finding us interesting or not, rather than stumbling across us by accident Where does the idea that I am obligated to respond to anything come from? You should ask for your money back.

Have we gone looking for a particular civilization despite not knowing, and having no evidence, that it’s there?

You haven’t given sufficient detail for me to specify anything. I can’t critique a theory/conjecture/idea that has no detail. You say “generation ship” and I’m asking “how does that work?” You (and/or others) start filling in those details and then I’ll be specific. But asking me to specify when you haven’t is just not a fair bargain. I posted specifics in the other thread, so I’ll thank you to stop pretending I haven’t addressed this

What assumptions are invalid?

If I’ve set the bar low, that’s more of an indictment against those who haven’t responded to explore the new proposed technology

Which affects the path of the light.

No such thing as pure energy. Photons - massless- have energy, and also linear and angular momentum. All three are properties, not substances.

Gravity bends light.

Potato, potahto. How can it be ignorant if you can’t/don’t point to any knowledge that would erase that ignorance? What is this missing information? As exchemist has noted, it’s not there are unknowns, as with Lord Kelvin - you would directly contradict known physics, with no basis for doing so. As with others, you point to “solutions” without any consideration of the details involved. Again, I invite you to do some analysis on the technical solutions you present. Absent that it’s just plots from sci-fi stories.

It’s changes in gravity that one would discuss. Gravitational waves propagate at c, as MigL notes above.

You are free to present an analysis showing the folly of the position. I have asked others to do so, and have found no takers.

Finding someone in contempt is not the same thing as bringing criminal charges for the acts being brought to light, which was the context of the discussion.

The problem is finding an impartial jury. All you need is one secret Trump supporter voting to acquit regardless of whatever volume of evidence is presented.

It’s a false dichotomy. Geology is more subtle than these archaic either/or descriptions. Models that are in the process of being formed are often incomplete and get modified as more information comes to light

Where do your quotes come from?