mississippichem

No, Santa is really fat. You must have seen him while moving at relativistic speeds when he would have been Lorentz contracted. He's actually even more plump when viewed in [math] \mathbb{R}^4 \[/math] .

I've made aqua regia before with less than concentrated acid for cleaning NMR tubes. It worked pretty well but there was a noticeable difference. We were out of concentrated HCl in the lab. You can calculate it to where the molar ratio of nitric to hydrochloric is still 1:3 like it is supposed to be ideally, it just won't be as concentrated.

I seriously doubt there is one book that covers all of it. I've read whole books [about 800 pages] on the chemistry of one obscure element like osmium. There is a book called General Chemistry by Linus Pauling. It covers a nice portion of the general chemistry undergraduate curriculum like nomenclature, stoichiometry, periodic table, simple equilibrium, very basic thermodynamics, easy kinetics, gas laws and some basic organic reaction chemistry even. The math is no more difficult than college level algebra, and a small bit of very easy calculus (but you could probably understand reasonably well without the cal).

There's Lagrangian Mechanics. I can't say it wasn't influenced by Newton though, I don't know maybe someone else here does.

Funny that you mention that. Yesterday, I heard an anti-smoking add on the radio. They were listing the various toxins found in cigarette tobacco. Everything sounded legitimate until they listed polonium-210!!! That is ludicrous. I guarantee that I can go out in my backyard right now, grab ten random soil samples and find an m/z=210 hit on a mass spectrometer from at least one of the samples. I'm not defending cigarettes at all, they are health nightmares, but i hate the way these add campaigns are willing to deceive the public into quitting out of unfounded fears due to their lack of chemistry knowledge. It doesn't set a good precedent for an educated society either. The CO present from incomplete burning of the tobacco is real and should be enough to deter people. People don't realize that a list of toxins is meaningless without concentrations, methods of analysis reported, and a control sample. Anti-tobacco campaigners complain about tobacco companies deceiving consumers with bunk studies. I guess they figured they would fight half-truths with more half-truths; not a respectable mode of operations.

Yes, I smell spam

If that's the structure I think it is, nitrogen surrounded by three nitrate groups that should be somewhat unstable (good for a rocket fuel I would imagine). I wonder if they had to isolate it in a solid argon matrix or something. I would also like to know what the hybridization on the central nitrogen is, there might be some highly hyperconjugated [math] \pi [/math]-system stabilizing the compound if the central nitrogen isn't purely [math] sp^{3} [/math]. I would kill to see an X-band EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectrum of this. There are probably very unique hyperfine splitting patterns. Not many compounds have a radical that can bounce between four equal Z nuclei in such a high symmetry environment, not because it is difficult, because this situation just doesn't arise much.

The point where the three phases meet is the triple point John Cuthber refers to. At the triple point all three phases, solid, liquid, and gas are in equilibrium. Boiling points and freezing points are defined by the lines bordering the three regions on the graph and one can see how these are functions of pressure (y-axis) and temperature (x-axis). Notice how the triple point is defined by a point and not a line, meaning there is one specific temperature/pressure combination that will allow all three phases to be in equilibrium. That's why triple points are good foundations on which to build a temperature scale. Also, be careful not to confuse energy requirements of a phase transition with the temperature at which that transition occurs. Hope that helps.

Some ranch dressing with your word salad sir?

This reaction won't happen even at increased temperature

What are your reaction conditions, how are you setting up the cell?

In a water molecule, oxygen is in the -2 oxidation state and the hydrogens are each in the +1 oxidation state. These elements are quite energetically happy in this combination. Also, the O-H bond is quite strong. A hydrogen can be ripped of to give [ce] OH^-[/ce] or the equivalent radical but then that O-H bond is much more difficult to break.

For clarity, I feel I should add that most enzymes have an active site that is "tailor-fitted" for the transition state of the substrate with respect to the intended reaction instead of the substrate itself. If the enzyme fits the substrate perfectly, there would likely be little chemical potential for the substrate to undergo the transformation. Read about Michaelis-Menten kinetics or transition state theory for a more rigorous explanation.

Take the derivative of any function that contains a constant. The constant always becomes 0 in the derivative. Now integrate the same function you just derived without integral limits. There is no way you can recover the original constant with an indefinite integral. Hopefully we can agree that: [math] \int \frac{d}{dx}f(x)dx=f(x) [/math] So one must add +C to an indefinite integral to account for any constant that could have been present in the original function. Try it for yourself, that is, if you even know how to integrate or differentiate at all. Also, as insane alien just mentioned and others mentioned before, you can't just arbitrarily stick limits on the integral operator. Seriously, what is your level of mathematics education? You do realize that if we've been doing indefinite integrals wrong since the 1700's that all the physics, chemistry, mathematics, and modeling done since then is completely wrong, right? Are you really that confident in your idea? I'd be willing to bet that everyone who has posted in this thread uses the same math you're disputing on at least a weekly basis in school or at work.

I'm with Lemur here, the parent child relationship provides a parent trying to obtain sex from his/her child an unfair advantage in a sexual relationship. Parents have many ways of getting what they want out of their children. Adult offspring as well. Even if you are 40 years old, if your mother tells you to go sweep leaves off the roof, your more inclined to do it than you would've been if say your friend told you to do such.

Constants disappear when you take a derivative. The C in the solution to an indefinite integral is just there because an indefinite integral is the reverse of a derivative and there is no way to know if the function contained a constant or what that constant was. I don't see what is so hard about that. [math] \frac{d}{dx}x^{2}+13=2x[/math] [math]\frac{d}{dx}x^{2}+500=2x[/math] You may know how to find integrals, but I doubt you know what an integral is.

Another relevant example is that a 1 nucleotide mutation, [ce]GAG -> GTG[/ce], is the cause for sickle-cell anemia. The codon mutation causes all the Glu residues a certain position being subbed out for Val's which totally changes the quaternary structure of hemoglobin. Turns out sickle cell was a favorable trait in west Africa at one time because it made one more immune to malaria which would result in a shorter lifespan than sickle-cell. That's just a one nucleotide mutation.

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I've never really felt strongly either way on this one. On the one hand THC is definitely a mind altering substance and can be habit forming but isn't chemically addictive as far as we know. However, when compared to the chemically addictive nature of ethanol, THC looks quite benign. One facet of this argument that I do feel strongly about is the fact that here in the states we lock people up for years for a victimless crime. I advocate a "confiscate only" policy for personal use drug infractions. We should go after the dealers instead, and not the petty street peddlers either; the major tax evading, customs dodging, cartel friendly, mass-scale distributors. Locking up some college kid in a prison with hardened killers just for having about a cigarette's worth of a non-addictive drug seems pretty heavy handed to me. Here in my state Mississippi, marijuana laws are surprisingly lax for a red [majority Republican] state. First and second offense small weight possession is a misdemeanor, which I think is a step in the right direction. I've known people that started playing with hydrocodone, oxycodone and other weaker opiates; just taking the pills. Now they shoot heroin and or morphine on a daily basis. This is just what I've witnessed so I'm not saying this is a common occurrence, but opiates are opiates. Heroin serves just fine as a fix for a morphine addiction.

Thanks Swansont, nice save. Sorry, "all the magnetic moments line up" was an overstatement, I should have mentioned domains.

kumarevo, you should flesh out your prose to better explain your multitude of lines and charts. Also, somehow tying this into some established mathematics might help. You should explain your reasoning concisely within your next few posts or, if prior precedent serves, posters and more importantly the mods will lose patience with you. Check through the past archives. People that tout their speculations without adequately explaining themselves tend to not last long.

Yes, we men are truly simple and stupid creatures. Even the ones of us who may know "intelligent stuff" like differential equations really only desire sex and beer. Women shouldn't think too hard when analyzing our predictable antics. Just think, "If I were a drunken pervert what would I do next?" you'll be right within margin of error most of the time .

Electrons have one of two spin numbers (+1/2 or -1/2). Usually the electrons pair so the spins sort of cancel (cancel- the best word I could think of). Whenever there is an odd number of electrons, or some other special cases in the transition metals, the spins don't fully pair up so there is a net magnetic moment associated with that atom. In Ferromagnetic materials, traditional "magnets" you see everyday, all the net magnetic moments of all the atoms line up. You should look up diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism for a good general idea of magnetism. I think magnetism is best explained by comparing and contrasting the various types.

I agree. I would like to see [ce] ^{75}As[/ce] NMR of the proposed anomalous DNA before I can believe that phosphate has been replaced by arsenate. The As-O and As=O bonds are too easily hydrolyzed which makes me hesitant to buy this one.

All the more discussion for the two of us! Anura, tell me about your guitars. What do you like to play? You ever gig at all?