Nashyboyo

there is nothing wrong with GM food. people don't understand it so they fear it. Gilded above for example shows some uncertainty about them. i know it sounds silly but people truly fear GENETICALLY MODIFIED organisms. they simply don't know anything about it. tesco is making a lot of money from this by selling 'NORMAL' (organic) overpriced food, so stupid people buy it.

yes but on ncbi there is a better diagram and more detail

I've been trying hard to remember a lecture I had about 1.5 years ago. My lecturer displayed a page on NCBI about pan troglodyte chromosomes and a certain chromosome which possessed almost complete identity to the homosapien kind. The page specifically compared both chromosomes but I can't find it for the life of me. Can anyone help ? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

this news is quite old

its present in both. if the plasma was the only medium for transport then we would die (insufficient). fact haemoglobin is actually effected by CO2 conc so that the bohr shift can exist look up the bohr shift

haemophylics need factor VIII i think not VII large scale insulin production is produced in animal milk, i forget which one

here's some speculation what if his technology consists of an electrical current which stabilises the highly negative HHO molecules. that would favour its formation and maintain its existence as a higher (than H20) energy compound.

i think it basically means the consequence of that amino acid alteration. that's the only meaning i can get out of the context. the topic is on diseases associated with mutation so it would make sense, but i can't be sure.

Quote: "Could virusses in fact originate in certain animals and be manufactured as say perhaps, lymphocytes or other products of an animals immune system" i don't get it ?

ah yeah. i was pretty stoned when i wrote that

the reaction is in equilibrium so the same enzyme catalyses both the forward and backward reactions. i'm pretty sure that the enzyme catalyses both reactions 1 and 2.

the DNA markers present in both kids parental chromosomes and both kids maternal chromosomes are 99.999% likely to be the same as the father and mother respectively but the brothers and sisters have equal DNA sequences to each other. so it wouldn't be possible to determine which is which without looking at the physical traits and phenotypes of each of the family histories and comparing them to physical traits and phenotypes in each child.

Down syndrome is characterized by a specific phenotype including subfertility or sterility and hypogonadism in males. In contrast, several females with Down syndrome have borne offspring. Here, a male with trisomy 21 fathering an infant is described. This observation is verified by serological markers, DNA fingerprinting using different DNA micro- or minisatellites and andrological investigations. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7834902&query_hl=5&itool=pubmed_docsum

The CF gene, named the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is located on chromosome 7 and composed of 27 exons. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16435054&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum

Just out of interest Which restriction enzyme was it ? Why do you want to put it into a eukaryotic cell ? There are restriction enzyme properties in many proteins present in the eukaryotic nucleus!

You said: "enzymezes receptors have L-AAs only, but for another molecule of same class[ eg. carbohydrates]" What class would that be ?

There are different isoforms of carbohydrate/lipid. The diversity of molecules between carbohydrate molecules is much higher than diversity between protein molecules. It is thought that protein was chosen as the product of the central dogma (DNA-->RNA-->Protein) because of its appropriate properties compared to the properties inherent in carbohydrate polymers. A protein only contains one isoform of amino acid per polymer. Humans are multicellular organisms derived from a zygote. Assuming you know about mitosis the cells we are composed from thus come from a single cell. Therefore every nucleated cell in our body contains the same DNA sequence and generates the same protein molecules all consisting of one isoform of amino acid. You said: "how much is it for other biomolecules...Are there diff. enzymes/ pumps for them?" My answer: ??????????????????????????? I think i've answered something...

this is absurd. it won't work. your understanding of how the body works is way to general. a pill would be a much better idea and their already doing research on that.

proteins synthesis can't make a polypeptide with a mixture of both isomers of amino acids. evolution chose one and stuck with it. carbohydrate moieties, found on proteins, are attached using a different method, and are not directly determined by DNA sequences. therefore the limitations in protein synthesis are not apparent in post-translational modifications (carbohydrate moiety attachment) and what not. The construction of the moiety results from a series of biochemical reactions and therefore the formation of isomers. an example of the presence of alpha and beta sugars is starch and cellulose. i don't really know if this answers your question, and i don't really know what your asking about

i'm afraid atoms do store memory a particular protein can be triggered to autophosphorylate itself for a certain amount of time. the time the molecule remains phosphorylated and therefore active is proportional to the stimulus rate, therefore acting as memory. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=autophosphorylation+AND+memory+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+373840%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.2743#2790

This is simply a repair mechanism. The reason RNA is RNA is because the recruitment of uracil as a complementary base during transcription is thermodynamically favorable when catalysed by RNA polymerase. Sidenote: There is evidence to suggest that RNA was around before DNA.

It may imply that but that's not the case. Answer: A reduced form of DNA results in the negative charge on the sugar phosphate backbone being neutralised by hydrogen. By eliminating the negative charge the backbones can move closer, increasing the association (H bonding) between the bases. That is absolutely correct, but irrelavent. Why less electron density ? What's the difference between the bases involved in DNA and RNA hybridisation (e.g. deoxyribothymidine (DNA) and ribothymine (RNA) differs by one hydroxyl group on the ribose sugar). I'm not being sarcastic, this is a genuine question.

yeah i can see where your coming from mate. but remember what the definition of cold is. something is only cold relative to something else. comparing our planet to the sun would make this a cold cold planet indeed. i don't know the properties of all the planets in our galaxy but pluto for example is lower on the kalvin scale than our planet !

Carbon dioxide is catalysed to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells. The CO2 concentration gradient is maintained by the bohr effect of haemoglobin.