John Cuthber

For many people, and many fires, "shelter in place" is a much better idea than learning to abseil on a 1300 foot rope.

Please provide your basis for a cost estimate. Have you heard of secuity?

I don't need to. I need a fire escape. One costs a thousand pounds; one costs ten thousand. Both work. Why would I buy the expensive one (which depends on having an electricity supply and may fail) As you say, it would be better to have more exit routes. Isn't it better to install 2 ordinary fire escape ladders and have enough money left over for a sprinkler system too?

That happened because someone cut corners on a relatively cheap simple thing (insulating cladding) to save money. How would you prevent that happening with your very expensive idea? In what way is your idea better than having a simple fire escape (of the sort I see in American films)? https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/fire-escapes/

"Are all kinds of vinegar more or less the same?". Yes, but I checked once and discovered that my local supermarket was selling Balsamic vinegar at a higher price pre litre than the champagne. Fruit flies are typically attracted to alcohol which is released by decaying fruit, but also present in vinegar. It would be interesting to compare it with "non brewed condiment" in that regard.

Incidentally, (I guess I'm late to the party but) I recently learned there's a name for this sort of question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_problem "The XY problem is a communication problem encountered in help desk, technical support, software engineering, or customer service situations where the question is about an end user's attempted solution (X) rather than the root problem itself (Y or Why?)." What problem are you trying to solve?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel#Discovery_of_infrared_radiation_in_sunlight Or we may be talking bolometers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolometer

https://mft.nhs.uk/wythenshawe/services/respiratory-and-allergy/national-aspergillosis-centre/ The fungus really isn't that rare in the UK. And you really did say, absolutely, that it wouldn't happen. It could, and there's nothing the food standards authorities can do about that. On the other hand they can test for aflatoxin in peanut butter (and insist on good storage etc.) There are two factors. The toxin already being present in food and the mould infecting food later. Your post muddled them. I was trying to sort them out.

We need to clarify something. Wiki tells us that: Aspergillus flavus is a saprotrophic and pathogenic[1] fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution. So, its spores can get into a jar no matter where you open it. The rich countries have resources to test peanuts for aflatoxins before they get into the human food chain. But, once the jar is open, the only thing preventing this "aflatoxin won't get in there from spores in your house.", is luck. I am pretty sure that the manufacturing process (and certainly the canning process) will kill the fungi that produce mycotoxins (thought they may not destroy toxins which are already present). The lack of water (because it was lost during roasting) makes it unlikely that microorganisms will thrive in peanut butter. (Salt and sugar may also act as antimicrobials.) That will not prevent spoilage completely. Oxidation will happen once the product is exposed to air. There may well be antioxidants in commercial peanut butter. Those are not typically thought of as "preservatives".

You can't. Or, at least, you can't make a good buffer at pH 10.5 with Tris. " Buffering features[edit] The conjugate acid of tris has a pKa of 8.07 at 25 °C, which implies that the buffer has an effective pH range between 7.1 and 9.1 (pKa ± 1) at room temperature." From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris

It will if you are unlucky.

Heinz used to advertise that "The only preservative we use is the one you open".

The best documented effect of nitrites in the diet is their reaction with secondary amines to produce nitrosamines which are carcinogenic. Meanwhile, back at the actual question, it's ethanol.

No. So what? Were you not aware of the phrase? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Higher_Education higher education /ˌhʌɪə ɛdjuːˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun education at universities or similar educational establishments, especially to degree level.

Higher than school. i.e tertiary education.

Who?

I agree. But the dose is really important.

A femtogram of BTX is less likely to harm you than a tonne of HFCS. Ask Paracelsus. We are, in fact, exposed to both. (there are going to be traces of BTX in some of the things you eat). And there's plenty of HFCS. Which one is more likely to harm you?

Pumpernickel is a fine option; but about 50% w/w carbohydrate. There's essentially no difference nutritional between brown and white sugar (I accept they taste different.) If you look really carefully, you can find honey with a higher fructose content than some HFCS. https://draxe.com/nutrition/what-is-pumpernickel/

It's a matter of definition. Looking at "number of people killed" I think alcohol and nicotine do pretty well. I guess there's a case for "the DNA of the malaria parasite". Water is surprisingly high up the list when you consider skidding on wet roads or collisions due to fog. (I think drownings are relatively rare but even that's not zero) Things like fluoroantimonic acid are obviously bad for you, but since sulphuric acid is strong enough to burn holes in skin, there's a limit to the point of making stronger acids if that's your game plan. I suspect an equal volume of HF would do more damage. The toxicity of fluoride and antimony are also contributors there but I doubt magic acid has actually killed anyone.

It probably depends where you look. https://icelandmag.is/article/00-icelanders-25-years-or-younger-believe-god-created-world-poll-reveals

Re. "Is the claim that the pill changes what kind of men women are attracted to true?" The men should not be taking it. There have been reports that the pill changes women's (apparent ) attractiveness to men. https://www.unm.edu/~tybur/docs/dancers.pdf I have no idea if the report is accurate or not.

Reflection from the retina is what causes red eye in flash pictures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effect And you really need to look up what "intromission" means.

He sought the advice of a mathematician who told him to work it out with a pencil.

Just a thought. As far as I can tell, there could be two "versions" of me. One has a tendency to open the blood vessels near the skin, and the other tends to restrict them. Both are capable of maintaining the same core body temperature ; but they have different "power requirements" (because they have different skin temperature). If both versions consumed the same number of calories, either one would gain weight, or the other would lose it. There are, of course, other possibilities for how a similar outcome could occur; gut bacteria variation would be an obvious place to look.