John Cuthber

Those guys probably read the rest of the story to earn their bonuses. "AMSTERDAM — Aegon NV, a Netherlands-based insurer that has the bulk of its operations in the United States, says it has repaid the remaining €750 million ($1.08 billion) in aid it received from the Dutch state during the 2008 financial crisis." It's clear they paid a lot more than 4.1 million. My guess is it's a typo, but the data really isn't there in that web page.

from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium_copper "Beryllium copper (BeCu), also known as copper beryllium, beryllium bronze and spring copper, is a copper alloy with 0.5—3% beryllium and sometimes with other alloying elements" So it's typically 99 % Cu or thereabouts.

from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium_copper "Beryllium copper (BeCu), also known as copper beryllium, beryllium bronze and spring copper, is a copper alloy with 0.5—3% beryllium and sometimes with other alloying elements" So it's typically 99 % Cu or thereabouts.

By all means look that up, but it won't help. The even more scary maths you need is here. http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/Adiabatic-expansion-compression.htm

There is a difference, sweating skin is also cooled by evaporation, and the fan helps that too.

Ever walked across a lino floor with bare feet on a cool day? The floor is cooler than your feet so it conducts heat away from them and that makes your feet cooler. The carpet isn't as good at conducting heat so it doesn't work so well. Similarly the air is usually cooler than you (or your dog) and carries away heat. The fan makes that process work better because more air hits you and more air can carry more heat. If the air is warmer than the dog's body temperature (typically 38 to 40 C) this won't work. It will have to lose heat by panting.

Probably the most expensive light bulb in the world.

If you had access to Be you could improve the yield from practically zero to practically zero. Also, the copper doesn't stop the Be being toxic, it just makes it less likely that you will inhale or ingest it (and also it dilutes it rather a lot with copper).

There is just one time zone; it's called UTC. It's the official legal time throughout the world. Practically nobody uses it on a day to day basis. I think that answers the question about how useful it is.

"would it make a significant amount of neutrons? " No

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillating_scotoma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_migraine

You might want to see if you have time for a grammar course too.

Which of the 3 answers don't you like?

Can you remove the chromium selectively? Anodic oxidation in a strong base might remove the Cr and leave you with Ni which you can plate.

I'm not a lawyer but I'm pretty sure that none of the tools I ever carry was " made for use in committing a burglary" (or so adapted) so, if I were pulled for it, I'd sue. I also don't know a lot about hash codes except that the whole point of them is that the thing the OP wants to do has been made as difficult as possible. If anyone here knew how to do it they would be in a position to make a lot of money ( or really piss off several major governments by posting it on wiki, depending on their outlook on life).

In my personal opinion the current number 1 is deeply flawed http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles

What definition of the word "natural" are we working with here? The OP says "If I wanted to give up caffeine and get my energy boost from more natural sources" Caffeine is formed by a number of plants and we use a fair few of them. It's pretty natural in my book. On the other hand neither vinopocetrine nor sulbutiamine occur in nature. They are both semisynthetics.

"if you have a human signing off that in any particular and unique circumstance it is justified, for example in the interests of national security or some other blanket term, then it is open to interpretation and a gradual stretching of the definition. " By that "logic" murder is widely permitted because some states have the death penalty for certain, clearly specified crimes. People are quite good at judging what is and isn't acceptable, provided that they have proper information. I have another possible explanation for at least some cases of torture. It's widely accepted that violence is used by those who are frustrated in their aims and who do not, or feel they do not, have any alternative. For example, most fit young men could become muggers, but most don't. Those who do are generally desperate or somehow inadequate. It's also well documented that small children who lack the ability to communicate well become frustrated and have tantrums. In a similar way I think that governments and their agents become violent when they find that they are otherwise impotent. If a soldier feels that "the other guy" isn't telling him what he wants to hear then he will become frustrated. That frustration is likely to boil over into anger and aggression. Post facto, he will justify his violence by claiming he was trying to get information. Regrettably, this story does not, and can not distinguish between the case where the guy doesn't tell the torturer what he wants to hear because he is deliberately holding back or the case where the victim simply doesn't know. A government can behave in just the same way as that soldier.

As a chemist I object to this whole thread. It has nothing to do with organic chemistry. It should be somewhere else.

Silica gel, anhydrous sodium sulphate...

Electroplating is often as much an art as a science but one thought that struck me is, can you plate nickel onto the chromium, then plate silver onto that?

Now new and improved with Bogusol and Psedudomadeupamide.

Religion meets politics can give rise to some serious humour. Have a look at this- particularly the yogic flying at about 1:15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=438UKM1Av1g I challenge anyone to watch that and keep a straight face (and yes, that's a real election broadcast, not a spoof)

Matt, just out of idle curiosity, what did the public analysts say? (See post #35) BTW, could I ask the Mods to indulge this thread in the hope of getting an answer to that question please?

On a mole for mole basis salt is roughly twice as effective as sugar at lowering the freezing point (for the reason given above) The problem is that anything that dissolves will have the same effect. If you want a "control" experiment with a powder try sand. At any reasonably sensible pressure the effect of pressure on freezing point is to raise it. Once you get above about 2000 atmospheres the pressure starts to rise with pressure. Don't try this at home.