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Thank you, Sensei. Cells alone would give me the perception am after. In panels, there is cost of glass + frame + assembly labor + transport - I prefer to set aside for the moment. Yes, I have on my roof an array of panels; 240V - 4.5KW. Paid ~$450/KW price to public; which should be a manufacturing cost well under half for panels. And about half for cells alone. As a guess, cells should be around $100/KW and a fraction of that, the electrical energy used to manufacture them, but prefer a less guessy figure.

Good day. Read often that manufacturing solar cells (not panels !) is expensive in terms of electrical energy used. Anyone knows figures ? To make cells that produce 1 KW, how many KWh are used at the factory ? (embodied energy)

Thanks. The same type of question for 'determinate' and 'indeterminate' Which I believe pertains to fruiting times. Is there anywhere in the taxonomy clasification list where to learn if a -say tomato- varietal is determinate or not ?

Thanks. Let me check if I understood well. There is no way to learn by the taxonomy of a certain plant, if its seed will produce an exact genetic copy with same hardiness or color or flavor. That name I used in this post "true seed" characteristic am looking for, does not exist in the taxonomy/classification. If I want to grow oranges; I cannot tell from its taxonomy if will have to be grafted or will produce same exact fruit from its seed. I must learn from an experienced expert farmer. Interesting. None of the 8 names at top tell it ?

Some trees/plants are called 'true seed something' grow; as peaches, a seed from the supermarket bought peach will produce a 'true peach'. Some others as avocado, apple, do not yield a fruit exact as its planted seed parent. What is the botany 'category' or 'family' or 'genus' or its 'clasification' name for one or the other ? As to know if one fruit produces exact same genetic fruit; or needs to be grafted ? Which name here explains/defines it ? Example is for pear: Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Amygdaloideae Tribe: Maleae Subtribe: Malinae Genus: Pyrus

Let A.I. decide if should be considered an invention. 😐 And see what happens.

Sadly, it is reality. My father used to say "That is a fireman idea" when it was not bright at all... and I have seen it proven several times.

Were the slaves from Africa centuries ago bought from their tribes, voluntary emigrated or abducted ? All the above, none, or how did it work ? Conquerors just disembarked as planned business and captured whoever found fit and force taken to Americas/elsewhere ? Were violent conflicts capturing them ?

So far, it has been a disaster financially and productivity and durability. (not in English ! --> https://www.elespanol.com/omicrono/20190725/primera-carretera-paneles-solares-mundo-desastre/416459279_0.html [ Orne, Tourouvre-au-Perche, France ]

We used ozone and ion generators to diminish smoke smell in expensive electronic equipment victim of nearby fires. But is a several days/weeks treatment, not hours. There should be other recommendations from experts in the field. Better done when no people present.

Testing double use for the road. The intention is to not use farming fields. Do not know what to comment. 😐

Good day. Please move to another section as deserved. Conquerors, migrants, as in the 'discovery' and settlement of Australia, America, Oceania, Africa as by europeans half a milennia ago was reported as finding savages, uncivilized tribes, with poor justice practices, perhaps ignorants surrounded by gods, myths... Is there any recorded opinion as what did the conquered tribes and civilizations thought of their conquerors and their guns, riding horses, methods of building dwellings, transportation using wheels, tools, clothing, writing, inventions... ? What did those tribes think of their conquerors ? Those currently isolated amazonian and other tribes, what do they think of the civilized ?

Justice is the constant, permanent imparting to every one what they deserve. My english could be better. If you get the idea, improve the wording/phrase.

Done it a few times very successfully with less amount of water than in the video onto older hot non-stick frying pans; but do not know if the name is deglazing, degreasing, other or none. The explanation heard is the 'explosive' conversion from liquid to steam mechanically dislodging residues by steam expansion

Dad had a toy on his '59 car dashboard, it was engine-vacuum operated. The nearest found today is called push puppet buy it had some bladder in the base instead of a spring; suction by a tiny hose to engine intake collapsed it, likely made in Germany. Are those still being made that you know of ? Just nostalgic... Similar :

Thank you, StringJunky So the change is very recent. Will find out if spoken names are also affected by the order.

Thanks. No need for temperatures higher than the source. Just capability to gather sun radiation into a hole on a roof by optically redirecting at also lower sun elevations. Seems moving parts/mirrors for tracking are mandatory.

Hello. Has there been any ruling, trend, disposition to swap the order of given name and family name recently ? Like since 1-2 years ago ? Is that for spoken or written, official documents ?

Greetings. An "internet4" without advertising, with no intrusions from Google and other profit-first oriented entities, with zero social networks, not for entertainment, and no idiots pushing malware. Erasing the blackboard, like getting back to ~1995 when navigating the web was a wonder. Yes, too big of a dream. But could it be possible ? The existing players can stay with its chaos where they are. Just a new page/chapter, not meant to promote lazyness.

Do not assume dwelling illumination. Am after gathering a ~2 square metres of sunlight opening into a duct with a flat fresnel lens at its exit to get focalized ~2KW of heat. Works good around noon but not at lower sun elevations.

What contraptions can re-direct sunlight during dawn to dusk hours towards a single direction ? Is there some prisms, lenses, mirrors, combination of them ? The solar tubes product seems does it well to a certain degree; may have been designed as best as the manufacturer could. The point of entrance/collection of solar light... What other passive methods exist ? -No heliostats, no moving parts-

Often find reports that seeds from any plants, trees... do not produce the same exact varietal as their 'parents', with good chance that seeds yield different characteristics for the next seedling growth. Does it refer to their fruits only or to the characteristics of the plants as shape, height, color, growth speed, hardiness, yield...? Many seed merchants push to not use 'natural' seeds. How has nature been reproducing a plain apple for centuries ? If changes happen in a generation, a century old apple tree would be yielding way different descendants. Is that what is called 'heirloom' ? My artichokes which I set aside one plant for its seeds every year and plant them the next; are they yielding another varietal ? How does it work ? Or is the reverse? The 'natural' seeds do yield the same as parent and supermarket hybrids yield a different varietal ?

Greetings. Seems that maaaany types of microbes, bacterias, molds, cultures, yeasts produce maaaany flavors and types on products we consume. Are those interchangeable; like a certain microbe that makes a cheese can make -say soybeans- fermenting to obtain a certain flavor/texture/whatever ? Or a Camembert bacteria (or any other) cannot be used to ferment grain for alcohol production ? How does it work ? Am I wrongly mixing yeasts, bacterias... in the question, and must be dealt separately ? Like using the something yogurt bacteria to produce a way different grain fermentation for obtaining a unique bread... 🥴

Check the laws at your location; whisky is one thing to do but you cannot drink it and probably cannot sell it either.

Thanks, gentlemen. +1 Opinions varied, but OK. The task in mind is not agricultural nor leach field; but ocasional plain basement light moisture ingress and am ready to dig and set a perforated pipe in a part of the inside perimeter. My basement already has such 'French drain treatment' on 75% of the perimeter as house was bought. I should add like 10 metres to have all of it 'treated' Will re-read the suggestions and explanations to properly position the pipe perforations (not tiles) Pipe will wear a sock too to minimize erosion.