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Truly, envious congratulations CurvKyle on your hearing abilities; but I believe you failed. How do you know the speakers you used for the 'online' hearing test are capable of "24Hz" ? Did you make a mistake meaning 24KHz? Well, 24 Hz is not bad either. herme3: Mostly yes, about 97% of radio stations do it in varied amounts. It is compression, limiting, clipping, multi audio-band equalizing, etc. Soft sounds are pushed up to FCC limits bringing a steady level with little dynamic range (difference between soft passages and loud ones) of about only 7 to 10 decibels. A recognizable extreme example is watching a TV movie, were dialog is at nearly the same level of guns shooting. Yes, sure:rolleyes: . Convincing to those who have never heard a real shot. Of course if the TV speaker was to reproduce the sound level of a shot, it would vomit its guts out at the first .22 cal firing. The specialized audio processing equipment is at: http://www.orban.com. There is some instructive audio articles worth reading, but you have to dig for them at the site. Edit- added : the document is titled "Audio quality in the FM plant" Miguel

My jaw dropped to the floor last week watching a television documental intervieving two blind kids riding bicycles ! and playing basketball ! self guided by continuosly clacking their tongues and listening to echoes. They are able to discern parked cars, pedestrians, obstacles. Perhaps if you do a deep search of the net, something may be transcribed here. It is well worth the effort to find such article. Miguel

Hi. I like your question. Perhaps because I can answer. The difference from FM broadcast and CD is barely audible if you can hear over 15 KHz, which I doubt unless you are 10 years old... If you disagree, do not argue and get a hearing test first; then we can discuss the subject. The Federal Communications Commission FCC sets 15 KHz as maximum frequency response for a 200KHz channel bandwidth for FM stereo stations to avoid interference with adjacent channels and limits spurious emissions from overmodulation. There is many CD recordings that are much worse than FM broadcasting, and there is many radio stations that sound much worse than a CD. There is NO norm. And beyond, there is millions of ears each with a different opinion about what sounds better. Radio stations do use audio processing to make their signal louder by compression and other effects to gain dial market competitivity, deviating from flat and realistic audio reproduction. CDs are too often also recorded with coloration and effects to suit producers demands, disrespecting fidelity in an attempt to make more $ by leaning towards trendy sounds. So, you can't cut all cheeses with the same knife. ALWAYS remember the definition of distortion: Any and all difference from the original sound source. Don't tell me that singer XYZ sounds in front of you the same as in its tricked, equalized CD recording. Miguel Audio-recording engineer -13 years working on audio processing equipment for broadcasting-

Hi. Investigating a little deeper, appears that the compound is ZnS with Cu or other dopants to select the color given off. And seems the nasty habit of naming things wrong as "phosphors" when there is no phosphor at all strikes again. That pisses me off. Misleading information using the word phosphor when they should say plainly luminescent. I do not have a plain old green monitor to aim my IR laser onto it and check if the CRT uses the same compound. But that works with electrons, not photons... I'll try on my oscilloscope. The powder coating inside fluorescent lamp tubes, what is it, exactly? It gives off white light when irradiated with UV, IR, plasma, ions, electrons or by what from inside the tube? EDIT- added- Found this: (Ba,Eu)Mg2Al16O27, blue phosphor for trichromatic fluorescent lamps (Ce,Tb)MgAl11O19, green phosphor for trichromatic fluorescent lamps (Y,Eu)2O3, red phosphor for trichromatic fluorescent lamps (Sr,Eu,Ba,Ca)5(PO4)3Cl, blue phosphor for trichromatic fluorescent lamps (La,Ce,Tb)PO4, green phosphor for trichromatic fluorescent lamps And dopants added to ZnS, what is the doping process; is it just adding a minute amount of what Cu compound and mechanically mixing or something more elaborated? Miguel

Hello What compound would glow when exposed to infrared light? It is used applied as paint on a piece of cardboard to test the illumination from remote controls and infrared beams. Read it is some phosphor compound, but unsure if it is plain white phosphor with something else or not. It is shown here: http://img.alibaba.com/photo/10846815/Infrared__IR__Laser_Test_Card__Anti_stoke_.jpg Thanks, Miguel

Hi. Mixing two cells in series -one charged, the other not- is not a good idea as the charged one may overheat, or dry out. You would be exceeding its charging recommendation time. Two cells in parallel is not a good idea either, as by any unbalance reason current may pass mostly into one and poorly into the other. Cells in parallel is fine for lead-acid and Lithium-ion, but not for Nickels. So what is the charging current measured? I believe for AAA cells should be under 20mA and the red LED can work just fine. If the charger is really limiting the current, should work equally well with only one cell on the bay. Measure the current! It is the case of a shorted cell put to charge; it should not damage the charger nor affect its companion cell, then a resistor or a short could work equally well. Miguel

Hi. Depends on what the batteries chemistry requiere for charging; constant current or constant voltage, and which type of charger it is. No way a common capacitor can be inserted in place of the missing cell. Measure the current on a bay with 2 cells under charge and place a resistor to obtain the same current in place of the missing cell bay. A light bulb could be used too, and if the charge current is under 20mA; a red led could take its place too, as it would provide ~1.5V drop and handle the current. Miguel

Oooops. Sorry, goofed distracted following the refrigerator word stuck to the request. Get a split airconditioner. Will work for distant rooms as the insulated hoses can be of a good lenght; both have already built-in fans for circulation, and provides both heating and cooling areas. Visit your AC shop for an unwanted one going to the dumpster. Miguel

Hi. A working old refrigerator with interior damages should be available free at any refrigerator repair shop. A good way to use it would be inserting the refrigerator in a polyestirene wall dividing areas from your reptiles and your plants, the heat releasing condenser part to keep warmth in one side; and -door removed- the cooling side for the plants. If its thermostat control is working, you are prerfectly set by just adding a fan to the evaporator cooling side... and defrosting periodically. Miguel

This place needs no Mentos... http://www.scienceexperiment.co.uk/experiments/ Enjoy.

Hello 5614 ..."We're talking about making our own charger here"... -->Yes, apply 4.100v to each cell. If you want to make it 'not-home-style'; pick the chip of choice: http://search.national.com/iphrase/query?query=liion+charger&render=1&categories=Product+Folders ..."I don't think it matters whether it is 4V or 4.2V"... --> Yes, it matters. The voltage has to be the one matching the cell chemistry; If too high; degradation takes place; if too low, will not reach full charge. That is why circuitry inside battery packs are so precise, microcontrolled. ..."I would assume they all have equal resistances"... -->Wrong assumption. Miguel

If 4.1001 V are applied to charge that Li-ion cell, it would be a violation of the manufacturer specifications to charge such cell. There is other chemistries of Li-ion, 4.2000 V is the voltage for those. As the question does not specify which, am answering on the safe side. --->..." I don't see an issue charging in series as long as you have the correct voltage across each cell "... And how will you ensure that on a series connection ? Miguel

I thought NaPalm was sodium palmitate, a blend of sodium and palm oil, no orangy juices there. Miguel

Hi. I was one eye half open, the other not; on midnight TV were showing a hen whose eggs where replaced with goose eggs while being incubated. Did anyone see such report and can explain details? Later, the baby geese were following mom, never near water, and on a different diet. What if hen eggs were incubated with mother goose; would the chicks be drawn to water by mom and drown? Miguel

Each cell must be charged independently by itself. If they are all healthy, can be charged in parallel. To charge, connect a regulated supply of exactly 4.1000 Volts at any current that cells will not get warm with. Miguel

And... how does a fireball happen when there is no oxigen?

Hello. As a kid in the sixties I read on a chemistry and physics experimenter's book written for young readers, a simple process to home make something like what is now named rhodamine, capable of dying a whole pool water deep red with a few drops. Cannot find it now... Does anyone know how to make such a highly concentrated water soluble dye/ink/colorant with simple compounds ? Sort of remembering borax as one ingredient, but not sure after 35 years. Oh, those days with no television, no internet... and plenty of good books to discover ! Thanks, Miguel (YT had a good suggestion using oriental food dyes, but still trying to find the elusive formula; maybe new members at this forum have other clues now.)

Hi. To be able to function, feed the body, perform properly, what differentiates between eating a $1/lb plain beef steak and a $ 8/lb NewYork steak ? And a plain lettuce, compared with the fanciest and pricey one; chicken compared to pheasant; what are the nutritive differences? A common cheap bean, compared to expensive kinds; tilapia fillet compared to yellowfin tuna fillet; peanuts compared to brasilian nuts... Do they really deserve the price because of nutritive content or is it all about taste or nearly only taste ? Miguel

What am unsure of is what you mean by 10 stages... 2 branches of 5 or 2 branches of 10. A similar circuit without one branch would mean 10 stages using 20 diodes; i think. On this one, a single resistor should be at the centre 'in' to function equally on the entire cycle but the 'out' terminal could be tapped without the resistor. For low energy requierements, just use much, much smaller capacitors; still will yield same tension with barely inrush current. Miguel

I believe it does; Half cycle is handled by one branch of the circuit, the other half on the other branch, equivalent to a continuos voltage applied in the amount of the RMS value of the AC. The actual charge voltage in the capacitors will be more like the peak voltage of the AC, but the charge time is independent from voltage and will not be affected. Miguel

I would say 10 stages x resistance in Ohms x capacity in Farads = time in seconds to reach 66% of final tension. Miguel

You are missing some promising possibilities... Remove engine and all extra iron and : -Install a sail; it will be smooth sailing; -Cut off floor pan, get sturdy shoes and do the jogging; will save a lot of money otherwise spent on the gym; -Install a wind-up motor, charge the spring every morning; do not use music-box type, the tune will get annoying soon; -Tie a zillion helium balloons, then the weed wacker motor will make you fly; -Connect the exhaust pipe of the old engine to the exhaust pipe of your new car; then by feeding the fumes, the old engine will turn in reverse with the pressure and convert the fumes into pure air and gasoline. It's ecological and makes some money too. For sure there is more ways, just think a little ! Miguel

Hi Gene. I sent you a private message but unsure if I did it right. Miguel externet @ inorbit . com

Hi. I have somewhere among my spider webs, a gadget that I have never used, it is smaller than a pack of cigarettes, divided in two sections. One is a transmitter and the other a receiver. The transmitter half is meant to be attached to a kid (or a briefcase) and you keep the receiver in your pocket. If the distance between the halves exceeds ~5 metres, reception is lost and the alarm sounds. When not in use, one half attaches to the other turning both off. Miguel

Hi. Why arcing ? All bodies will have the same charge polarity in order to be repelled. The rings would have to be suspended with strings, the cylinder vertical - Is that the way you envision? Miguel