Genecks

Maybe Pubmed? pubmed.gov > search > dropdown genome Also, don't use thanx. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H1n1#2009_A.28H1N1.29_pandemic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_A/H1N1#Genetics April 29, 2009 http://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/04/exclusive-cdc-h.html Where, CharonY? Does it have an actual genome or just cited bits and pieces? http://binf.gmu.edu/colloq/houng.txt http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/help.html#genomeset

Is jdurg still around? jdurg could probably answer your last question. I believe jdurg is working for a pharmaceutical industry at the moment. Other than that, the process is similar to Thomas Edison's attempt to make a lightbulb. Some people say serendipity was how people found solutions to treat and cure a lot of past medical problems. These days, however, we have much better scientific principles to attempt to resolve issues and find solutions to problems. So, a good place to start is understanding the history of disease and the history of treatment for those diseases. Here are some things to read: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases

I believe that the alcohol in the stomach would make an alkyl chloride, thus helping to neutralize the stomach acid: R-OH + HCl -> R-Cl + H2O. R stands for a carbon-based attachment. And with any remaining alcohol, it could attack the H. Pylori.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori So, H. Pylori are nasty little germs that like to dig into the stomach of various species, humans included, and screw with the acid levels of the organism. They are extremophiles in a sense, and they are microorganisms. But, let's keep in mind that they're still microorganisms. And microorganisms don't like being put in a bottle of alcohol. It ruptures the proteins and cellular structure. So, here's my question to those with a wide knowledge of immunology and microbiology: Could a person drink liquor, wine, or other alcoholic drinks in order to remove and treat an H. Pylori infection? I suspect if a person moderately drank alcohol throughout a period of days (maybe a shot of brandy every 1.5 hours) and perhaps took a long-lasting antacid, such as omeprazole--both would be done through a process of 14 days--, then it would stop the acidic gastrointestinal effects and kill some of the H. Pylori in the process. I don't think the H. Pylori are going to evolve a resistance to an alcohol. The thing that makes humans so different from other species is that humans can actively find and consume alcohol. Do any of you think this would work to treat and decrease an H. Pylori infection? Anyone have a take on this? I'll act like an academic. I went out to find some articles. First off, I'll say that in a lot of articles that I have read that many people believe that drinking alcohol and general partying can allow H. Pylori to find its way into a person. I've also read that some people aren't too sure how others are infected with H. Pylori. There is a study from 1997 that discusses the pros and cons of coffee, cigarettes, and alcohol and their interaction with H. Pylori. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/315/7121/1489 "Relation of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption to active Helicobacter pylori infection: cross sectional study" BMJ 1997;315:1489-1492 (6 December) In that article, it hints at alcohol being a protective mechanisms to deter infection. Furthermore, it discusses coffee, which is acidic, as a factor that may increase or worsen the infection. Thus, as this post states, alcohol combined with a long-lasting antacid may be beneficial as a treatment method. There is also another article that I have found discussing life-time drinking habits and the correlation between that and H. Pylori infection. Relationship between Lifetime Alcohol Consumption and Helicobacter Pylori Infection Annals of Epidemiology Volume 15, Issue 8, September 2005, Pages 607-613 In general, many of the articles past 1996 seem to be hinting at the idea that alcohol consumption acts as a good way to deter the detrimental effects of H. Pylori.

Yeah, I'm thinking we all need to do a get together and discuss that SFN rule/issue some more. To continue that process will make SFN an amature science forum, which suggests that people take their scientific abilities elsewhere. If you feel it's necessary to delete this post, then do so. I consider conducting gene therapy much more hazardous than trying to obtain sodium. For what I remember, getting sodium is generally an industrial process. Sciencemadness seems to go into detail with a couple of threads. In general, however, I believe a person needs a "Downs cell" in order to split salt and generate atomic sodium. The process is dangerous, primarily because chlorine gas is created, which can kill you (it was used in world wars) and then there is the exothermic property of sodium which can kill a person, which is another incredible danger. And the temperatures required to do the process are also dangerous, which makes the process of obtaining sodium from a Downs cell more than dangerous; and it should not be conducted unless the person has knowledge in chemistry and industrial safety practices. In general, there is a large danger involved with this process.

Crossing over doesn't occur in all species and in all cells. For instance, male fruit flies don't have crossing over. So, don't expect the chromosomes in their cells to undergo crossing over. In terms of humans, there are cases during which crossing over occurs between chromosomes. Crossing over doesn't happen all the time for all chromosomes. It does happen a lot, though. Also, you need to keep in mind what kind of cells you are talking about, as the process occurs during meiosis. Crossing over occurs a lot in autosomal chromosomes, which leads to genetic variation (various physical and genetic attributes: phenotypes/genotypes) within offspring. http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/HCS300/genetic.htm Take a look at prophase I. Although I don't know the statistics of human meiosis and crossing over, I would 'guess' that there is a lot of crossing over occurring, but that doesn't mean it is always happening in all of the chromosomes.

Alcohol, lack of sleep, overuse of various drugs and drastic non-use of them (rebounds can cause what appears to be memory loss), lack of reviewing previously known material, and more. I suspect that's for people over 21. Stress typically can screw with a person. Stress can be caused by a variety of things. I will say, however, that some people have enhanced cognitive abilities while drinking. This could be caused by a reduction of stress, which may be directly related to the relaxation that alcohol can give. Other than that, excessive drinking can deteriorate brain and organ tissue. In general, it tends to do with cognitive abilities and long-term potentiation. You need to keep those synapses communicating with each other. I have recently been doing research on the possibility that suppression of various memories could cause a person to have decreased cognitive and recall abilities overtime. I relate this to those who have shown exemplary eidetic memory; they tend to recall everything and feel as though time never moves: Even how things felt in the physical reality tend to be remembered. Such a thing had been similarly found in World War veterans when they came back from the war. It tends to be related to post-traumatic stress disorder.

Humans have a much more complex physiology, and as such, the amount of cellular death from a nitrogen bath would be large. Also, there were some articles from Australia a few years ago that described what it was like to take the blood out of wolves(?) and replace it with a saline solution (undescribed at the time; perhaps a military/defense operation). It was found that the wolves could be frozen to death and be brought back to life through a variety of blood fluid exchanges. The process needs to be progressive and not instantaneous.

?? I never was forced to handle S. aureus under the hood. If it were a MRSA mutation, you bet I'd be wearing gloves, a mask, have a hood, and more. Unless you're describing something that the government regulates and forces on people, I don't think having the biosafety equipment is too necessary. Hoods are expensive. But I guess if a person is trying to keep a sterile and clean lab, then a hood would help with any bacterial aerosol that evolves. I do remember getting a bit of S. aureus on my finger a couple of times from slipping up. All it did was make my skin a little itchy, but the symptoms went away within 24 hours. So, gloves, if not a hood, ought to be used.

It was in Chicago, Illinois, USA and still is for the rest of today. Today is the last day for this year. Perhaps it is a little "low-level." I'm not too sure what you mean by that. Either way, I must say that because of recent social/ecological/political events with the former places the event has been hosted in America, it was held in Chicago, Illinois. So, perhaps there wasn't as much advanced planning and consideration into the detail of the event. Either way, it was nice that it was able to come into the midwest, thus allowing a more centralized access point for those in the U.S. to attend.

Isolate it first. Then burn the stupid metal stick/loop. Take the metal stick and collect some staph. Open a tube by taking cap off. Heat the end of the tube with TSA by passing it through a fire a couple of times. Place the loop in the tube, and spread. Recap, and set aside. Redo when needing more S. aureus due to cellular death. Right? Or am I wrong and forgetting microbio sterile techniques? And make sure your bench is clean. Get rid of mold and stuff, because fungi will screw with cultivation.

Alcohol denatures proteins. It also screws with the cellular structure of bacteria. I believe that's the case.

In general, there has been a slow down of drugs. So, yeah. In terms of using natural herbs and things? Well, in a way biologists use nature, such as plants, plant toxins, fungi, and animal parts in order to create treatments. So, there still exists a lot of background belief in using homeopathic medicine. I think, however, that science should really further investigate the possibility to rapid evolve various plants that already provide possible cures and treatments for people. Afterward, see if some new, interesting chemical structure that is related to the old, homeopathic structure has evolved; if so, then it may be possible to use it for medical use. In general, I think most scientific research has kind of dried up a lot of the treatments that nature can provide. So, people have been synthesizing things in the laboratory, because nature hasn't provided us with a better solution yet. Am I bashing nature? No. I'm simply stating that if nature can provide a treatment, scientists will apply it. Otherwise, if nature isn't good enough, medical scientists will attempt to find a better treatment via scientific experiments.

Doesn't the body break down splinters and such? I've never been sure about this, because I know that the human digestive tract doesn't really digest cellulose. Therefore, I've considered the possibility that if a foreign object made of cellulose, such as a splinter from a tree branch or wooden stick, were to insert itself into a human, then the human's cellular physiology would not be able to break it down.

So, I went to Neuroscience 2009, which is hosted by the Society for Neuroscience. I visited today, which is Sunday, October 18th, 2009. Basically, the event is where a bunch of neuroscientists, scientists, and enthusiasts get together and observe and discuss information about neuroscience. When I got there, I had to obtain my badge. There was a mix-up, but that was quickly solved. Anyway, I received my badge. It had a nice little orange plastic underlining to it, which represented that I was a guest. Members had blue underlinings. It had my name on it, the university I attend, and on the back side was a number representing the member whom allowed me to be a guest. So, after meeting up with people from the university I attend and trading phone numbers, we all headed off in our own directions. I thought about taking pictures, but I didn't take too many pictures. I have some pictures of the events; but I took no pictures of what was presented. And anything that was presented cannot be read in my pictures, because the quality is not good enough. During the SfN convention, people are not suppose to take pictures or record lectures, because some of the things presented are unpublished, thus people don't want their ideas to be stolen. Some people were taking notes, which is just as bad. Other people had laptops. The main idea is don't steal another person's scientific work. Anyway, I still took some pictures of generic stuff. I went into hall B1, and there were soooo many chairs. I had never seen so many chairs in a hall before. That picture shows the chairs on the left side of the hall. During the presentation, about 3/4 of all the chairs in the hall were filled. Those screens you see are the screens that would be showing the lecturer's slideshow. Thus, regardless of where people sat, they could hear and see what he had to say and show. One screen would be showing him talking, and another would be showing his slideshow, so you could see him talking and his slideshow presentation. Quite an effective presentation, I must say. I sat down, looked ahead, and saw the Neuroscience 2009 logo and the podium that the orator was going to be at. I wanted to listen to what Dr. Richard L. Huganir had to say about the brain. His lecture was titled "Receptors, Synapses, and Memories." He didn't seem to discuss memories too much (he discussed the mechanics). He seemed to have discussed learning, synapses, LTP, and LDP. It was an ok lecture to listen to. The speech was well put together, understandable if you know a little about synapses, phosphorylation, genetics, insertion of genes, behavioral traits, LDP, LTP, and learning. These are some basic neuroscience things, thus anyone who has read a fundamental neuroscience book might have been able to keep up. From the various research articles he sourced, you could generate the idea that he and his research team have yet to lockdown how to produce reduced LDP and increased LTP. I saw some people leave the hall once they caught onto the idea that his research didn't lead to a successful find of increased LTP and decreased/eliminated LDP. In general, his speech ran about an hour. It gave me a couple of ideas about genetic research in mice. I questioned what a synthesis of Joe Tsien and Richard Huganir's research would look like. Simply put, it takes time to mess with the genetics of mice and watch for changes in psychology and learning. Furthermore, his introduction gave me a couple of ideas about genetics and memories. For instance, what if we could encode memories into DNA, thus having them instated at a later stage in an adult specie's life? And what if the DNA could have those memories and perhaps have dominant alleles created to overpower general species' genetics? For instance, maybe encoding the memories of a soldier into DNA, thus to be later accessed in an adult stage. Even though an experiment came up with little to few productive results, it gives people the ability to know what not to do or what to do: X is not Y. X is Y. X is similar to Y. X is not similar to Y. I couldn't help but think that perhaps what was wrong with his experiment, or perhaps something that was just missing in the puzzle, was the amount of chemicals being transported between cells. Maybe the increase in receptors became a burden for the cellular structure, because they weren't being activated enough... something... Furthermore, after listening to the lecture, I was curious about possible applications of the knowledge obtained from the research. It took me a while to remember that he was discussing plasticity rather than elasticity, but I became curious about the applications of the research in terms of elasticity. After that, I went to a bunch of poster sessions. There were many, many poster sessions. Some people were presenting and explaining their posters, and other people simply had their posters on billboards with no presenter in sight. Look at all those neuroscientists: It seemed like a lot of people were about 20 years of age and older. I believe there was a higher proportion of men compared to women. In general, it was interesting to see what kind of population of individuals would show up, since this event is an annual national event. Throughout the duration of the convention, which goes from Friday to Tuesday (I think), about 30,000 persons roam throughout the convention. I stood around, and watched some people discuss their posters from introduction to conclusion. It was entertaining. I saw a lot of Alzheimer's posters. Many posters were about aging, preventive medicine, and treating neurological disorders: Things that allow scientists to keep a job by trying to figure out and solve. And then there were a lot of posters about experiments with mice. The walls had posters on both sides, not a single side of the wall. The topics were wide and varied. Luckily, there were nearby computers to help attendees search for posters, sessions, and events that may be of interest to them. Also, people whom planned on attending could have viewed the documentation SfN offered on the Neuroscience 2009 website: This website had .pdfs discussing events, posters to be presented, sessions, workshops, lectures, and more. If there is a topic in neuroscience that you are interested in, the chances are high that you'll find someone there who will be talking about it. It's a great way to brush up on neuroscience and fine-tune one's knowledge about various topics. There were workshops and the such, but I did not go to any of them. Some of the more interesting things to view were all of neuroscience equipment suppliers. So, if you ever wanted to be an independent neuroscience, say "screw academia," and do things your own way, then you would be interested in seeing all of the equipment suppliers. Furthermore, there was an area titled "Neurojobs," which presented people with the opportunity to talk to businesses about prospective employment. The SfN conventions are nice if you need to lift your spirits by being around a lot of neuroscientists, talk to other people about broad or narrow neuroscience topics, or are interested in a lot of unpublished work and viewing it to help you save time on your own research. There are many other reasons people go to these conventions. I would have to say that the whole convention was awesome, and I'm glad I was able to participate and observe.

Yeah, but I'm looking for the article.

About two years ago, I read an article about males having a slightly (fractional) chance of being born over females due to the physical processes of fertilization and the energy used to make the processes happen. In the end, males are born more than females. Does anyone have a link to the article or remember where to find it? I can't remember.

Ok, so by "pair," you mean that the sex chromosome is actually a pair of chromosomes. So, in a sense there are two sex chromosomes. Alright, so doesn't that mean D. melanogaster have 8 chromosomes in total? p.s. In terms of grammar and bionomial nomenclature, should I say D. melanogaster "has" or "have"?

Hey, folks. I'm reviewing the genetics of D. melanogaster, and I have a question inspired by reading a wikipedia article that says this: "It has only four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomes, and one sex chromosome." So, if D. melanogaster has four chromosomes, then how exactly is it going to have a Y and an X chromosome? Are one of the autosomes a Y chromosome? Am I missing or overlooking something here, or is it the idea that the one sex chromosome turns into two chromosomes, which could be XX or XY?

I agree with iNow. As future scientists, we can't forget the number of Chinese scientists. There are many Chinese scientists. Learning Spanish is useful for entry-level jobs and other jobs related to business and international relations in America. I think Spanish will make you think about logic, grammar, and connecting dots more than some Asian language. On a more academic level, you'll find more of a usage for Chinese than Spanish. Learning both would be ideal.

If it's your first semester, then you should focus more on getting use to the school and the resources rather than quickly pursuing research. That my opinion.

I suggest you use worldcat or some other database to find what libraries can provide you with those articles. If I understand correctly, giving you those articles would be breaking copyright law. However, I suspect you can go to a library and request that those articles be photocopied and sent to you.

blackknight: http://vbskins.com/theme/blacknight.html That looks excellent.

Perhaps vaccuum the air out before freezing. I suspect that would do some good. Don't drink from the bottle at all. The air will mess with the wine, though. Keeping things at a cool temperature prevents breakdown. Other than that, I have had wine freeze on me while in the freezer. Well, it has turned to slush, which makes an interesting slushie concoction. After thawing it, it didn't taste the same. I drank it regardless. ^o^ About the few things that don't freeze are things such as Jagermeister and other liqueurs. I haven't tried freezing jack or bourbon; it doesn't last long around here, anyway. *gulp gulp* ^_~

This seems like a homework question.