scicop

I love the taste of GM in my rice. That extra gene(s) is mmm mmm good!

The results from a recent clinical trial looks promising for a new compound called Sugammadex (in the Organon pipeline). Sugammadex is a novel selective neuromuscular binding agent (NMBA) that rapidly induces maximal neuromuscular recovery during end-of-anaesthia care, under 3 minutes depending on dose (2-4mg/kg). The anaesthesiology field is every excited about his drug since complete muscle recovery with conventional agents (acetylcholine esterase inhibitors) is often not achieved until 20 or 30 minutes post-anaesthesia. This slow recovery is associated with muscle weakness that can compromise a patients ability to ventilate, keep their eyes open, and consume any food/drink, as slow recovery rates are associated with nausea. In addition esterase inhibitors can promote muscarinic side effects (bradycardia, broncoconstriction) due to its non-specific actions at non neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses. Sugammadex by nature of its action is not associated with any of these side effects. Sugammadex is a cyclodextran that can selectively bind aminosteroid nicotinic acetycholine antagonists (NMBAs), thus its removal capabilities are only selective for NMJ bound NMBAs). So the ability to promote fast recovery that is effective and also well tolerated, is very welcoming to the anasethesia field!!! Basically it means that patients can now wake up and feel decent, instead of logothgic and blah! Wanted to give you all a heads up on this for any future anaesthesiologist out there!!! http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16464982&dopt=Abstract

hmm...a cell phone straped to the head. Should I even start on how flawed their procedure is? Should I mention controls? Geez. Well, if I was the scientist, I'd drop the epilesy idea, promote memory enhancement and get a grant from NOKIA.

When the author gets offered/wants to write a 2nd edition.

First let me congratulate you on having such a great desire to pursue basic science! You been given some great advice in the above posts and I'll fill in the gaps a bit. 1. Do not pay attention to what "title/program" your PhD is affiliated with. It has no bearing on what can study. At the end of the day, a PhD in any of the biomedical sciences is just a PhD. The distinguishing features of your PhD include 1. whose lab you did you're studies in, 2. your research project 3. your publications 4. ability to secure a grant. 5. did i mention whose lab you did your studies in? 2. If you've narrowed your research interest down to the level you have, look for professors you may be interested working for and contact them. Apply to only the schools were there are faculty you would like to work with. 3. Do not think of your PHD as an "final goal". You will set your self up for dissappointment. 4. Realize that it is a very daunting task and you should alway keep in the back of your mind what career path you want AFTER your phd and how you will get closure to that path DURING your PhD. 5. Also understand, that although studying the "RNAi based mechanism for reduction of HIV RT expression" may sound all fancy and stuff, the reality is that the skills and techniques you will use to study that system will NOT BE COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE in today's pharmaceutical environment as well as tomorrows. 6. So really think about pursuing the PhD. its tough and the rewards can be very little. You must LOVE EXPERIMENTAL PURSUIT of science to enjoy the phd experience, because if you don't, you'll be in for a miserable time.!! Take that..from one PHD, to a future Phd!

I'm not sure if it was added here on not, I didn't see it, but another contributing reason that there has not been another 9/11 is because of fine outstanding citizens like yourselves. People today are watchful and they're "saying something, when the see something" Here in NYC we have a special number, 1-888-NYC-SAFE. Its a terror hotline and they investigate EVERY call that is made to that number. It happens to be manned by not only CTF but also JTTF which includes members from our IC. So citizens like yourselvles are to congratulate as well.

My benefit..knowing that we have another dead terrorist. My sadness...knowing we have many more like him in the making.

how do you make a "hormone" (think sound) ..don't pay her. old and cheesy.

not at all strange. The detection of pain in the perifery (such as by thermoreceptors) is transmitted through the neurocircuitry, that involves a number of connections. Whereas thermoreceptors/mechno receptors may detect pain there are a number of neurotransmitters as well as a number of receptors systems that partake in transmitting pain to the CNS. These systems include substance P (your neurokinins), vanilloid compounds, some opioid peptides, as well as some adrenergic activity. In addition there is the circuitry, involving A and C fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Any defect (i.e. genetic) in anyone of the receptors systems/circuitry can lead to inhibition of pain transmission seen with those examples you provided.

Well I use to have a defective light bulb that went into a recessed "High hat" fix ture; it has some internal sparking, that made it radiate all freqs, kinda like the old sparkgap transmitters. Once turned on, it would wipe out not only the whole HF spectrum for me (about an S9+10db on my meter) and would give me a S5 on my 2 meter radio. There was a little signal on the 70cm freqs. Tracked it down to a bathroom fixture. Talk about light-blub emissions!!!!

naltrexone for you addicts!!!

YT, start paying attention to the 12 Khz range, especially as we get into july and peaking in August. You will be able to pick up some good meteorite showers (perseids). That spectrum analyzer will be great to have then. I expect to be on 6 meters (50Mhz) during that time as the ionization trail by the meteors light up the E-layer. Its usually a good time to work some grid squares, I've worked west coast on meteorshowers during that time should be good I don't know how you are about reaching out to people, but a good guy to reach out to is Dick, K2RIW (look him up on QRZ). He's runs a great technical net on the 146.850 repeater here on long island on Sunday nights. Although his expertise is in the realm of microwave communications he does do some stuff way down below. Another guy is W2UFO, Mark Nagle, back in my super active days he was noted for sandbagging down in that area.

Some travel agency add, where there was a guy who was literally island hopping (CG ofcourse). wish I could do that.

OK, Basically its an aquired autoimmune disease that is associated with an abnormal response to dietary antigens. Ciliac in particular has been linked to T cells, the major histocompatability complex locus (HLA-DQ) and tissue transglutamase. Defects in any one of those genes can lead to aberrant presention of gluten antigens to not only innate system componants, but also T cells, (adaptive system) thus initiating an uncontrolled response to the antigen upon exposure. There is a good review by MacDonald and Monteleone in Science, vol 307, 2005 that discusses the molecular/cellular development of Gut autoimmunity and contains a whole section of ciliac. Good luck.

i think there is a market, eventually "some" of the younger science-wannabes are going to actually start thinking/looking for career opporunties or ideas that can help them obtain their goals. There are some scientist on the board who have had experience searching/interviewing/obtaining science-based careers both in academia and out-side of academia, and i'm sure they are willing to give tips, pointers based on their own experiences. Scientist always have thier careers in the back of their mind, so I definately think its something people will want to discuss.

I know someone with Ciliac and it apairs to have genetic linkage. And as you mentioned the an allergic reaction to Gluten. Appearently its something that manifestes its self later in life; she had symptoms as a child but it grew worse as she got older. Finanlly at age 27 she was diagnosised with Ciliac. I think its got something to do with immune response/foreign antigenicity/reduced immune tolerance, but check it out. The Army food would not have precipitated the disease, but now she has to be careful with what she eats. Basically everything has to be GLUTEN free. She may have to go as far is having her own silverware/dishware and if she eats any bread or wheatbased carbs, she as to know that it is Gluten free. However, she's free to eat salads, meats etc.

NO!!!! , that is NOT the best "solution"!!! The best solution is to do calcalate exactly what how your going to make your solution and have it CHECKED/VALIDATED by a person who you TRUST/KNOW/ or experienced, And this is not limited to just buffers, also experiments. Communications folks is one of the best learning tools; and a good way establish a network, even if just starts with "hey, can you double check my calucations for making 0.05% SDS/4% BSA soln in 100mM Tris HCL pH 6.8?? with 10ug/ml of pSTAT3 mab?"

Ask Bill Nie, the science guy. It has become one of his kitchen chemistry experiments. what are his credentials anyway?

in what volume?

yeah too lazy to look up the MW, its been a while since I've made NaCl solution! Ok, cool deal on the 28% on analytical. I've worked in industrial analytical chem labs before, though we used the molar method An Ecoli, me too, I really had a hard time when it came to testing, for some reason i'm more hands on and can grasp something better following practical exposure.

There are lots of jobs involving math, but you understand that alot of math is done on computers these days and you have to be able to take your math knowledge and build software that allows you not only input your equations but give you a read-out for the appropiate applications. This is why alot of math people are expert software writers..they have to make algorithism to solve and present their work. That being said, there are alot of jobs. In biology, there is alot of math involved ini modeling. From neuronal modeling, to protein docking algorithums, to drug manufacturing, such as figuring out the free enegry involved in drug docking to an active site of a protein target. Engineering jobs! You can look at things in a whole different light, figure out the feesiblity of certain projects. NASA can use math dudes. So can the military. There are jobs in Statistics, if that's your thing. There are government agencies that revolve around and are dependent upon statisticians. Clincial trials also statiscians to validate findings. Economics..another heavy math oriented position. The UN could use you. Fininacial markets. Alot of hedgefunds and stock investment firms hire mathematicians to design math algorithiums that will allow them to predict the stock market, see Citigroup, JPMorgan, Globalone, etc. (Big $$ to be made here). So keep a broad mind. I have a good friend who is a mathematician for Citigroup. The dude OWNs an co-op on New York's exclusive Central Park West, as well as real estate all over the US. He aint hurting..to the point when ever we go out...I MAKE HIM PAY FOR ME and my girlfriend and all of our other friends.

Um, just to clarify. Usually you wouldn't really see solutions calling for 28% sodium choride, rather they'll give the millimolar concentrations. That is function of its molecular weight and volume of liquid. Review your chemistry 101 book to figure out molar concentrations. If you see a 28% value and you know you're gonna weigh a power then assume w/v (1% is 1g/100mL). If its a liquid or viscous detergent assume (v/v). When doing dilutions from a stock, and you need to know how much to take, I usally divide the stock concentration by the desired concentration. That gives you a dilution factor. Take the final volume you want and devide that by your dilution factor and viola! you get the amount you need to take of the stock. So, in the simplest case, if you have a 100mM stock solution (lets say NaCl) and you want to make 10mM in 150mls. You devide 100mM by 10nM and you get the dilution factor of 10! Now take the 150mls divide by that dilution factor (10) and you get 15! That tells you that you need to take 15 mls of that 100mM solution and add it to 85ml of whatever you're diluting into. You have to remember to subtract your the amount you will add from the final volume otherwise you concentration will be wrong (think about it). It also works for antibody (or protein) preparation. If you have 100mg/mL stock solution and you want to make a 50ug/mL in 5mL then, devide 100mg by 0.050mg (REMEMBER..CONVERT to divide same magnitude units, not a biggy if you're using a sci calc) get your dilution factor, divide 5mL by that, and voila!! thats the amount you need to take. You can figure it out. So..lets say you get 100ul (notice the unit) then, you would add that to 4.9mL This is how US scientist do it. Review your chemistry to figure out Molarity. which is by the way mols/L. So for salt, if the MW is 28 (check me on this) then one mol is 28g. Put that into 1 Liter of H20 and you have a 1M solution. so what if you want a 500mM? that's 14g in 1L. or what if I only want 500mL? then thats 7g in 500mL. Ok..good luck and welcome to the world of solution making!! ALOT of this will become intuitive to you and after a while, you want even need to think about it, you'll just do it off the top of your head like that!