What's the beginning point of immunity?
The most important question of immunology is recognition of foreign proteins. Is this random process or law? Its natural that this vitally important process can't have random character for every organism because the immune mechanisms have precise reliability and strictly timeframe. So what exactly recognizes the immune system? Of course it recognizes topography of charged particles and maybe hydrophobic groups on the surface of protein globule as described in our theory [1]. But any measurement is impossible without zero point. Thus, if the organism must determine the topography of charged groups, first of all its necessary to find the zero point of protein globule. Our investigation is the answer on this question.
The plant spherosomes were the object of our investigation. Spherosome resembles a large spherical protein body with 1 micrometer diameter. The spherosome has inner bilayer phosphatidyl inozitol (PI) vesicle to which are attached numerous molecules of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). It was natural to expect that foreign plant protein body such as spherosome should cause strong immune reactions on tested animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs. The 3- times immunization by solution of plant spherosomes of these animals to our great surprise gave no immune answer. Moreover we have tried to immunize the most sensitive to immunization animal such as Cameron goat but still received no immune answer. So what's the matter? Why have we no result? To understand it we must know the detailed structure of spherosome especially the mechanism of attachment of GDH molecule to the surface of PI vesicle. According to modern knowledge GPI proteins that include GDH have the glycancarbohydrate polymer and PI- anchor. Glycan is covalently bound with C- terminal of GDH molecule [2], [3]. Thus the GDH of spherosome has no free C- terminal. The absence of free C- terminal leads to the absence of immune answer, so C- terminal of proteins is the zero point without which its impossible to determine the topography of charged groups on the surface of protein molecule.
Murat Gilmanov,
Professor, Academician NAN RK
A. P. Francev, М.К. Gilmanov, L.P. Volkosh "Healthcare of Kazakhstan" 1985 , p.19 -23 . "To the question of main mechanisms of immune processes"
Gilmanov М.К., Dilbarkanova R. // The structure and functions of plant cell spherosomes. // Monography. Almaty, Gylim, 1997., p.164
Gilmanov M.K., Kerimkylova A.R., Sabitov A.N., Ibragimova S.A. The phosphatidylinositol-protein nanocomplex as a new biosensor for ecological monitoging and clinical diagnostic // Journal Biosensor and Bioelectronics, 24(2009) 1490-1492.
