alpha2cen

v means frequency(1/sec). Fusion or fission energy is E= M C2 . If photons are released as the fusion energy, some modification will be required. I mean the mass deficiency is (M - M_photon).

If photon had mass, the emitted radiation wave energy from fusion or fission would be like this. (M-M_photon) C2=hv

Protons and neutrons are not elementary particles. Mathematically we can handle quark and gluon easily. But at the experiment we could not have separated a quark or a gluon alone yet.

Having a mass in the space is a high energy state. After inflation, the energy become particles which have a mass is thermodynamically right? The theory similar to vapor condensation theory. Satuated vapor can easily become drops because the energy state of the drop is law. But to be a particle which has a mass is not low energy state, it is very high energy state. Is this theory reasonable?

Recent issue is how to detect dark matter. We have tried to detect it by using telescope or underground instrument. There are many telescope photos about dark matter existence. But direct evidence of dark matter existence, i.e., underground instrument results are rare. Recent Italian scientist results seems to give us a clue of existence of dark matter.

Do we have certain size or mass limitations to be an elementary particle ?

Present theory. Inflation ----> matter + anti matter -------> matter ( electron, proton, neutron, photon, neutrino), anti matter disappearing. Can we see same phenomena at the LHC? collision ------> matter + antimatter ------> -------> electron, proton , neutron, photon, neutrino

All of the something do not appear, and do not interact with particles. One phenomena we can see it is Casimir effect.

After inflation there has only existed five particles in the Universe, i.e., electron, proton, neutron, neutrino, photon. I am wondering about why there is not existence more small or big particles. Are more small or big particles unstable to exist? Do we have any theory?

Are all vacuums the same? Is each vacuum homogeneous? What is the vacuum? We know vacuum is the space which does not contain any atoms or molecules. It does not mean the space has nothing. Like dark matter, at the present, we do not know vacuum well. We could not handle the something in the vacuum by the present technology. One of the concepts of the something in the vacuum is the vertical virtual particles theory.

More important thing is what makes us can not over the speed of the light. Is it only relativity theory problem? Are there other reasons?

Temperature, relative humidity and speed of the wind are important factors. Low temperature removes heat more fast, and low relative humidity makes the water easily evaporate. And, the fast evaporated water drops surround temperature more lower. This is a heat and mass transfer problem. High wind speed reduces the heat and mass transfer resistance.

Thank you for good answer.

Do we have an experiment paper about this? Energy ----> M1( matter) + M2( anti matter) inertia mass M1 = inertia mass M2 This equation is theoretically correct. But Is this equation experimentally proved?

I am curious about this. Are the same amount of mass and anti-mass produced after proton-proton collision at the LHC? Is this equation proved experimentally? very high energy ---------> m1 mass particles + m2 anti-matter particles Is 'm1 = m2 ' proved experimentally? The moment is a mass creating point.

What is the knowledge? We are doing every efforts to approach the truth. All of our modern knowledge are not truth, they are middle step creatures to go to the absolute truth. Our present knowledge is based on the past knowledge. When the more advanced observation tools are developed, some of our present knowledge will be modified.

At 1oC and 2.4W/m.oC , the two oC are different each other. The front oC meaning is that the temperature position is 1 oC from the 0 oC, the latter oC meaning is that del oC =1oC, i.e., the temperature difference is 1oC. So del1 oC =del1 K . We customarily do not write the two oCs differently each other.

Is the fusion in the sun the same fusion as the general deuterium-tritium fusion? How to make neutron at that fusion reaction? Are there any catalytic fusion system at the core of the Sun?

The difficulty of cancer treatment is that the same named cancers are not the same. We classify some cancers into small groups. But individual cancers are not all same. There are many kind of mutations in the same group cancer. We can only predict the cancer behavior, but it is not all correct. Individual therapy, then how we can predict a patient cancer progress and suitable therapy, we only can predict the gene group property, and that has been developed small recently.

Gene therapy is a good idea. But how to transfer gens to every cells is a big problem. We have many cells in our body. Ideal gen transfer is to fix all cells in our body. Using virus is one of the methods, but it has safety problems. We need more research about developing efficient and safe gene transfer method.

There was something from the beginning of the Universe. Nothing can not make anything. Is there the begin in the Universe? Is total energy zero at the beginning of the Universe? This part is difficult to answer. Alternative answer is there might exist the other forms of states which make present Universe energy.

In order to obtain more good result about the Universe expansion. More telescope observation data of far away stars at every direction are required. We have seen very old light which was emitted from the far away stars or galaxies.

Transfer rate of thermal energy by conduction can be expressed as this equation. (thermal energy transfer rate)=-(thermal conductivity)(temperature difference)/(distance) And, we can express thermal resistance like this. ( thermal resistance) =(distance )/(thermal conductivity) Using thermal resistance equation we can rewrite thermal transfer rate equation like this. (thermal energy transfer rate) = - (temperature difference)/(thermal resistance) Above equations materials property is related to thermal conductivity. Copper has high thermal conductivity, and rubber or cloth has small thermal conductivity.

We can calculate molecular structures and their behavior by using quantum physical tools. One of the tools is DFT(density function theory). This approximate formula is very useful for determining organic compounds structure, protein structure and molecular property estimation. Many software are developed for computing this equation. Recently developed good simulation tool is DFT-MD(molecular dynamics), but this software requires high computing resources.

The Universe is expanding. Is it possible that we can see the same red-shift everywhere? Do we have any problem? Or, are we at the center of the Universe?