alpha2cen

We can measure visible light intensity using photoelectric effect. Electromagnetic wave hits the electrons on the solid surface, and the emitted electrons make current. Then, How we can measure the intensity of the short length electromagnetic wave or long length one?

There are many electrons in the Universe. I'm curious about the electric discharge in the Universe. Some place this phenomena would happen. In the planet scale , I've heard,in Saturn and Jupiter have many lightning. But, Are there more big scale lightning can not happen in the Universe? For example, stellar scale or Galaxy scale lightning.

Problem is the thing that the expansion is accelerated. Expansion velocity is increased with time. This kind of physical phenomena could not happen without energy. Where the energy is? It comes from the vacuum. We can not see it in the present.

Let's do this experiment. 110volt commercial electric source. There are 3m nichrome wire heater, 2m nichrome wire heater and 1m nichrome wire heater. Which one produce the most much amount of heat? Among them 1m nichrome heat produces the most much amount of heat. I think the difference is electric current(A)difference. Then, Why the copper wire part in the heater does not produce heat? Between copper and nichrome difference. What?

Resently there are many researchs about Dark matter. But Dark energy area is different. How to detect it? It's not seen directly. This is the frontier thinking area, right or not, add my little thought. If there were very high energy state which can break the vacuum state, the energy + Dark energy would be produced. But we can not imagine the world after that event.

We don't know dark matter property well now. And we don't know the vacuum property , either. Matter is only made of electron, proton, neutron. In the vacuum the otherthings we do not know would be contained. It,s very difficult to detect them. They have no interation with matter or electromagnetism.

The nichrome wire makes electric potential difference, voltage is well known. But it is not clear the heat generation mechanism. How heat is generated between fast moving electron and the random moving electron. Microscopic heat generation mechanism between nichrome atom and fast moving electron is not clear.

There is Dark energy in the vacuum. It can accelate the expansion of the Universe. Till now we can not measure it. We try to every effort to detect it. Recently a telescope is developed, and installed in the Atacama desert in Chile for searching Dark energy. This area research is about to start now. Everyone who join this research area would be the first researcher in the world. But no data is in there now.

When electric current flows through the nichrome wire , heat is generated. We know this phenomena macroscopically. Then, at the microscopic level or atomic level, how the heat is created?

I'm doubt about standard water. Which water is the standard? There are two kinds of oxygen, O16 and O18 in the Earth. Between H2O16 and H2O (oxygen is O16 and O18 Earth average), which one can be used for standard?

Which one is the major factor of the Oxygen shortage in general case? Here are examples. *Lug oxygen absorption capacity is not so big. *The oxygen carrier, blood, circulation capacity is small by cardiac capacity or circulation system structure. *Heat transfer limitation from the lug or tissue, temperature rising, effects the oxygen absorption capacity. *Total blood oxygen absorption capacity is not so big. *muscle tissue to blood vessel oxygen transfer capacity is not so big. *others

How about this solution? 1) 3 ball/2=? transform to dimensionless form = 3a /2, a[ball/ball] calculation = 1.5 a transform to dimension form = 1 ball + 1 part of teared ball 2) 3 cup of water /2=? transform to dimensionless form =3b/2, b[cup of water/cup of water] calculation =1.5b transform to dimension form = 1.5 cup of water When it is divided., water can not be changed it's original property. The unit , cup is not a measured value(cm, sec, ...). So the number of significant figure is not no problem.

Which factor is more important for the respiration during exercise? When maratoner is running the track, we assume, his physical ability is depend on respiration capacity. Between CO2 output and O2 input, which one is more important role on the exercise ability?

Do you know the hidden something? Its important but we don't know. So forum is important. Every one could answer like this. 3 ball/2 =1.5 ball 3 cup of water/2 = 1.5 cup of water But it has some fault. I'll give next post tomorrow.

It might be a good paper to search for similar DNA structure organisms. Doing the experiment again is also very good paper, too. If these kind organisms were not existence in the Earth, it could be big problem. That kind of difference is the same as the difference between virus and monkey. DNA duplication, transcription, translation ,... every step should be changed. And we have to rewrite bacteria evolutions. Its not related to prokaryotes, eukaryotes or archaea. Biochemical difference is very very big.

3 ball /2=? 3 cup of water /2 =? . This is simple question. Give this answer and think again. . That,s the best answer, is not?

This is another problem. We first think about information definition. When we go to the top of the mountain, there would be two cases. First case is we have a map of the mountain. 2nd case is we do not have a map. At the first case we can go to the top of the mountain by using less energy, because we have a road information. But 2nd case we can get there by using very much energy, because we don't know where is the right way. From here calculated information energy is like this. Information energy = 2nd case energy - 1st case energy Is this right? So information definition is very important.

I thought about it before. Have a look this cite. #79 http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/52948-why-does-mass-curve-space-time/page__st__60 It's against current theory. But for next more good model.

I asked similar question before. Let's take a look this cite. http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/53403-which-state-is-the-proton-and-neutron-in-the-deuterium/

Macro phenomena is more simple than micro phenomena. Kinetically what is the equilibrium. . (liquid water.....interface.......ice)surrounding system . At 0 C the molecules moves from ice to liquid water is similar to ice to liquid water. When we insert some measuring instrument, thermal carrier( most of vibration energy)amount should not vary with very small amount of heat adding from the surroundings. . Other problem is water molecular state. Are near 0C liquid water molecules existed as monomer or as some weakly interacted polymeric mixture?

Which digit can we make as the standard 0oC? 100oC data is quite exact. The data is 4-digit below zero.

Rising temperature method to be 0o C is not easy. It would be about 80 cal /g required to change from solid to liquid. The problem is a heat transfer. In order to transfer heat to solid, temperature gradient is needed. This method is not for making 0 degree. Another method is like this. First prepare pure solid ice and mix it with liquid water. At this time solid ice size should be small. Problem is how to remove absorbed gas.

In pure water the temperature liquid to solid phase transform is far from below the zero. If there were no nucleus for crystallization, the super cooled state would be maintained continuously.

Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide molecules are not contained in the water. Practically it's not easy to storage in this condition.

I mean" Why short wave has high energy than long wave?" How to explain this? Energy ====> potential energy, kinetic energy, wave energy, ... Can we describe the wave energy as other energy or other mathematical forms?