Mike Smith Cosmos

.How about my also spotting about how , :- The General Unified Theory , and a Theory of everything :- . http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory. . How symmetry breaking, just after the Big Bang, [ giving rise to the four fundamental forces due to (rotational invariance going through symmetry breaking to rotational symmetry variance ** ) ]. How this is reflected in women have a natural , innate ability , to make their faces pretty by also going toward symmetrical then initiating a touch of symmetry breaking . ( Ref:- Science is a constant process of simplification . Discussion on this forum ) Who would have imagined, the answer to life the universe and everything is in a woman's face ? As well as the images from space and the early universe .! Mike ** credit. To Amanda Gefter's research " Trespassing on Einstein's lawn ", and the Lady here whose contribution to science is immeasurable . European space agency , and plank space telescope

Now detected the first suns after the Big Bang at 600,million years . Stars are 1 million times brighter than our Sun and 1000 more massive than our Sun Light and heat for first 380,000 years . Then at the recombination ( atoms formed) Darkness up to 600 million years after big bang . Then at this time the super massive stars formed. BBC News Thursday 5th Feb 2015 6 oclock evening News link :- http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b0511d0t/bbc-news-at-six-05022015 See following simulation of one of these Stars shown in Bulletin. James Webb telescope now currently to follow the research up ,to give us more insights to this period, taking measurements . Mike

Yes but could it be that we can keep the two strands going in parallel ( like the human brain , right and left brain , creative and pragmatic. ( 1 ) Wonder, observation , and an aesthetic artistic interpretation ( 2 ) A robust , mathematical , analysis , prediction , experiment . Interpretation . In so doing may we not get a more complete , meaningful insight into reality , rather than just having (1). Or ( 2) . ---------- Take for example :- The very ,very early universe , when supposed the four forces were contained in one super force . Very simple , very compact. ( GUT ) General Unified Theory . SIMPLE . Super symmetrical . rotational invariance . Reality . Symmetry breaks somehow ! gravity force breaks, strong force breaks, electro-weak force, on into the weak force, and the electro- magnetic force. All now experiencing gauge forces between the various splits. Invariance is gone , and we have the universe today with all its complex set up. So science is trying to swim upstream from the complex universe we find ourself in , back up to that .. Simple super symmetric start. I am suggesting we may need that other feature ( 1) Wonder, observation , and an aesthetic artistic interpretation, to make the journey upstream . In other words we may need to take account of things , like beauty, feelings , consciousness, appearance ( form as well as function) , and other aesthetic attributes , so as to understand the TOTAL - SIMPLE - PICTURE Now, the bumblebee and the butterfly uses symmetry while liking symmetry thus liking aesthetically ,pretty flowers , . The universe liked simple super symmetry to start off with . She , the universe broke symmetry to produce the four forces , necessary for the complex world we have today. The ladies like the butterfly , love flowers . And the men who give them flowers. They arrange them in a vase with broken symmetry usually ( flower arranging) . They ( the ladies ) like to arrange their face , aesthetically , beautifully , symmetrically . The men , similar to the bumblebee and the butterfly , are drawn to the pretty face . Even more so if the symmetry is broken , like the lady here illustrated. ( with the quiff of hair to the right , covering one ear and discretely showing the other, together with a subtle yet attractive ear ring )! Thus the universe needs symmetry aesthetic beauty , form as well as function, together with the breaking of symmetry and our understanding is interwoven with both (1) and (2) for our total aspects to understanding of the simple universe. Mike Ps . Credit and courtesy due to the lady ,illustrated above , who gave her image as an example of how the universe started , and functions with symmetry breaking . I am not sure who she is ? But she will go down in history as the one that illustrated , how the universe works !

Quite spectacular and to an engineers brain ' artistic ' Link to Alice :- http://cds.cern.ch/record/1436153/files/LRsaba_CERN_0212_3219.jpg But I was not so much trying to say that some scientific apparatus can look artistic , but rather that if we look at nature in the environment , through an artistic eye , perhaps we can make an observation that leads to a scientific insight YET through the route of an ARTISTIC. Observation. An example of this : why are flowers symmetrical , or at least with a broken symmetry , why do many flowers have five petals, , look beautiful. Why do both bees and women like flowers. And like men who give them flowers. The bee uses it as a guidance system to get in to the nectar. ( by using their special guidance system that detects , with precision , symmetry ! Do women like broken symmetry . Yes . They like beautiful flowers . They look in a mirror and make a good job of making their hair symetrical . Then they break the symmetry by putting a small quiff of hair out of place , or to one side . The universe appears to have started with broken symmetry . So all from an artistic observation of flowers bees , women, making their hair up , then breaking symmetry , liking to look .......good . Mike

What do you think .? " Strange " " Quote" . But art is not science and never can be." ( your comment Strange ) Science is often linked very closely to maths. Because of the necessary rigidity of maths , the particular mathematical model gives ONLY a model of the the ridged side of reality. Thus we could be getting a one sided view of reality. Some Art , is able to give another different model , a less restrained , flexible view of reality , and thus possibly allow insight into a side of reality that could never be found by looking at a mathematical model of reality! It could be like thinking all humans were male . Rather logical, practical , down to earth , ridged . If that were the case we would never recognise the beauty in women, their kindness , gentleness, warmth , comforting and all the other lovely attributes of our ladies. So by the same token , we could be missing out on a whole other sphere of science seen mainly through the artists eye . ( perhaps that's why we have two parts to our brain , the right creative hemisphere, and the left logical, practical hemisphere? So rather than Art not science , I would say Art half science( mostly as yet undiscovered and with our creative brain) ( half brain, ) Nicholas G. Chernyshevsky 1853 The Aesthetic Relations of Art to Reality[1] Written: 1853; Source: Russian Philosophy Volume II: The Nihilists, The Populists, Critics of Religion and Culture, Quadrangle Books 1965; Transcribed: Harrison Fluss, February 2008. The sea is beautiful; looking at it, we never think of being dissatisfied with it, aesthetically. But not everyone lives near the sea; many people never in their lives get a chance to see it. Yet they would very much like to see it, and consequently seascapes please and interest them. Of course, it would be much better to see the sea itself rather than pictures of it; but when a good thing is not available, a man is satisfied with an inferior one. When the genuine article is not present, a substitute will do. Even the people who can admire the real sea cannot always do so when they want to, and so they call up memories of it. But mans imagination is weak; it needs support and prompting. So to revive their memories of the sea, to see it more vividly in their imagination, they look at seascapes. This is the sole aim and object of very many (the majority of) works of art: to give those people who have not been able to enjoy beauty in reality the opportunity to acquaint themselves with it at least to some degree; to serve as a reminder, to prompt and revive memories of beauty in reality in the minds of those people who are acquainted with it by experience and love to recall it... " Unquote " ----------------- ------- As for me , Mike :- Because I wanted to be reminded of the great joining of Europe to Asia , I painted the seascape around Constantinople , the Vospherous where the Mediterranean Sea leads into the heart of Asia . Mike

.Is this the oscillator ? That works within the lowest electron orbital in Hydrogen ? If so which of the following three ? link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_harmonic_oscillator quantum oscillator link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator classical oscillator link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%27s_theorem#Radial_harmonic_oscillator Radial harmonic oscillator Mike

.That is a very interesting hypothesis you have come up with there , Ant. If you are right you will have turned molecular construction principles , based on electron charge and atomic orbitals ' on its head ' However you have gone down a layer , from protons and electrons to more fundamental ' Quarks ' , which could be considered a more fundamental cause . If ' fundamental ' is found at lower levels . It will be interesting to see how this develops. Mike

wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom"][/url]. .The electron when in its orbital , appears to be , being presented as NOT a particle . I.e NOT CIRCULATING but just being some form of standing wave . The standing wave of the hydrogen atom electron shell , must then be a standing wave on the surface of this sphere . So does the e to the j pi make the electron shell surface and the energy content of the orbital derive its energy from the energy of the free electron before it went into the proximity of the nucleus ie when it first became a hydrogen atom at the recombination event? Mike

Mike

An Electron (s) in association with a central proton (s) makes up an Atom of Hydrogen . It can be considered as an Electron cloud. Wikipedia describes it this way :- Main articles: Atomic orbital and Electron configuration A potential well, showing, according to classical mechanics, the minimum energy V(x) needed to reach each position x. Classically, a particle with energy E is constrained to a range of positions between x1 and x2.The electrons in an atom are attracted to the protons in the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. This force binds the electrons inside an electrostatic potential well surrounding the smaller nucleus, which means that an external source of energy is needed for the electron to escape. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the greater the attractive force. Hence electrons bound near the center of the potential well require more energy to escape than those at greater separations. Electrons, like other particles, have properties of both a particle and a wave. The electron cloud is a region inside the potential well where each electron forms a type of three-dimensional standing wavea wave form that does not move relative to the nucleus. This behavior is defined by an atomic orbital, a mathematical function that characterises the probability that an electron appears to be at a particular location when its position is measured.[46] Only a discrete (or quantized) set of these orbitals exist around the nucleus, as other possible wave patterns rapidly decay into a more stable form.[47] Orbitals can have one or more ring or node structures, and they differ from each other in size, shape and orientation.[48] Wave functions of the first five atomic orbitals. The three 2p orbitals each display a single angular node that has an orientation and a minimum at the center. How atoms are constructed from electron orbitals and link to the periodic tableEach atomic orbital corresponds to a particular energy level of the electron. The electron can change its state to a higher energy level by absorbing a photon with sufficient energy to boost it into the new quantum state. Likewise, throughspontaneous emission, an electron in a higher energy state can drop to a lower energy state while radiating the excess energy as a photon. These characteristic energy values, defined by the differences in the energies of the quantum states, are responsible for atomic spectral lines.[47] The amount of energy needed to remove or add an electronthe electron binding energyis far less than the binding energy of nucleons. For example, it requires only 13.6 eV to strip a ground-state electron from a hydrogen atom,[49]compared to 2.23 million eV for splitting a deuterium nucleus.[50] Atoms are electrically neutral if they have an equal number of protons and electrons. Atoms that have either a deficit or a surplus of electrons are called ions. Electrons that are farthest from the nucleus may be transferred to other nearby atoms or shared between atoms. By this mechanism, atoms are able tobond into molecules and other types of chemical compounds like ionic and covalent network crystals.[51] link:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom as above and more So our simple ( not so simple , but keeping it simple ) set of entities here are:- 1. : electrons , ------ 2, protons & neutrons , ~~~~~~ 3, photons Making up atoms and their behavior from a simple perspective. (All be it that) :- A substructure exists with its own simple relationships , maybe ? ??????? https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=russian+dolls&rlz=1C1RNNN_enGB356&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=709&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=osPGVMSsIYT_UMnugfAM&sqi=2&ved=0CF0Q7Ak#tbm=isch&tbs=rimg%3ACfC8koDO2cCrIjjX1S7JoGKoeWhLBF3fSDVVxHDPObESwWWEDRl-iKev-JXavFj2OuRq9U7dyNI-MWfUl0MvEXEd3ioSCdfVLsmgYqh5EX49p-TMXmkOKhIJaEsEXd9INVURC47Qwwxrba4qEgnEcM85sRLBZREloZFRIjnG3yoSCYQNGX6Ip6_14EWDNjUSbHheJKhIJldq8WPY65GoRWQAH91rXHxEqEgn1Tt3I0j4xZxFlYf6gwrwCZSoSCdSXQy8RcR3eEWLiAz3zwyJo&q=russian%20dolls&imgdii=_&imgrc=19UuyaBiqHnwBM%253A%3BNmJnt1Y5b39pkM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcynthianewberrymartin.files.wordpress.com%252F2009%252F05%252Fblog-2-13.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdriverlayer.com%252Fimg%252Fbabushka%252520dolls%252F149%252Fimage%253Ftab%253D1%3B3888%3B2592 ?????????? mike.

Newton managed to identify that things traveled in a straight line , unless acted on by a force . The sort of orthogonal force playing in from the outside of a sphere , towards the centre of the sphere, all over its surface , is what is illustrated here . Should the surface vibrate , we perhaps have a model for the hydrogen atom with one ,ground state electron . The higher hydrogen states no doubt force the shape to be more elaborate . Mike

. Bingo! We have done it again ! We have hit bedrock and 'the Motherload' Euler in his Turban , brought a maths relationship together with 5 amazing things in a simple formula e to the j pi plus 1 equals zero . Look at the contents .............................. . e. Is the exponential , the number that causes things to runs away with itself to infinity .............................. J. The complex variable or ORTHOGONAL DOMAIN .............................. Pi. The number that appears to go on for ever relating a strait line like a diameter ........................................... to a curved line like a circumference , to make a circle . .................................... 1. The unit of measure .................................... 0. The absence of everything Go chew some more gum TAR , we have ourself a mother load here alright , no wonder Euler spent so much time on it, got cataracts on his eyes and goodness knows what . http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler Mike

.Maths in its presentation is a human construct. How it exists in nature may well be more fundamental . Perhaps in a form even a mathematician could not recognise or visualise. -----------------------------..---------------- If I have my history of science right , it started in the Middle East , when grain was being stored in sacks. The locals used cuneiform wedge like marks in stone to represent bags of grain. ( IIIII ) representing 5 bags of grain . If I give you sir ( II) two bags for storing them , I am left with (III) three . He said moving a stone , with (IIIII) and another stone with (III) and another stone with (II) about the dusty ground . The Maths human construct (IIIII)-(II) = (III) , much easier to move small stones about , than great bags of grain while having the discussion. However at the end of the day each were more interested in the reality of vast bags of grain to feed their families. . Reality in nature , we started with five sacks sitting there with grain in , I ended up with three bags of grain , and you two bags . I see these three fine bags of grain to feed my family . Reality ! The stones and cuneiform wedges on the stones merely a symbol of reality . As indeed are all the Artistic pictures and visual aids shown below , just symbols of the reality of recombination , not the actual event which has happened a long time ago! So with Euler 's theorem ,we are in the human construct mode. Very easy to manipulate . Rather than sacks of grain. The question is what is the reality. The sacks of grain ? ---------------------- ------------------------------- THE BIRTH OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE . I would surmise we are back at the recombination event . At approximately 300,000 years after the Big Bang . When free electrons , and hydrogen nuclei ,( with a small percentage of helium nuclei ) , namely protons were just sufficiently cooling . Thus to experience an orthogonal attractive force (electrons ) toward the protons. courtesy of Pearson education The result being a three dimensional , spherical surface in balance from the central proton , with the single captured electron buzzing about the nucleus ( proton) . This all over the place in the great recombination event. Such was the reality event of the Euler mathematical construct. Say ! The previously trapped photons , existent within the (electron , nuclear plasma ) a bit like a (single super super massive single star) , were then released to shine out into the great dark age. Here huge , now hydrogen , clouds hung and under the influence of gravitational attraction ,slowly fell inwards to form some of the early first generation stars and galaxies. As these stars shone the great age of darkness ended. And so on the collapse of the first generation massive stars , and the star birth of further generations of stars and galaxies , so came into existence the universe we see today . Quite a spectacular result of Euler 's ( e to the j pi = -1 ) . Of course along with all the other rules and constants underpinning the universe, that later on have been put into cuneiform style mathematical formulae , for manipulation purposes , rather than lugging around great heavy sacks of grain , or super massive stars, and black holes .! Links : - http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe Mike

Just attended the Exeter branch of the U3A , Geology meeting March 2015. Discussions of the movement of the massive plates Sub ducting among the Tongan chain., in the Pacific Ocean , With the associated volcanoes , forming islands as we speak. We discussed the general geological history of the Earth. We have a member who is a retired Lecturer for the Open University Geology Department. I commented, and asked again with marvel about a summer geology field trip with him to the pebble beds of South Devon / Dorset Wow! The pebbles on the shore at Budleigh Salterton ( SouthDevon , England ), are from the bottom of the great river come sea passage , running across what is now Germany , Northern France , diagonally across the English Channel , the east side of England out into , what is now the North Sea. These pebbles are just there 20 miles down the road , from the bed of that ancient river channel . THE HERCYIAN VARISCA from the Hercynian orogeny ( spelling courtesy of Ophiolite ) , the upwelling of continental crust . And presumably some ocean crust or ophiolite. From the ancient super continent of Pangea, as it broke up ! 200,million years ago ! I find it mind blowing ! Totally mind blowing ! Wow ! Bingo , I have found the bed of one of the great water courses/( river) of an ancient supercontinent . As water flowed presumably in/ of the Tethys Sea , and the newly formed Atlantic Ocean . I have walked on the exposed bed of that water course, I have touched and peered at the pebbles from the bed of that ancient river , when it's location was at where North Africa is today ! wow ! Mike

.This is where things get interesting . At 4 where does the energy go? Rotation ? Or where ? Spherical complex rotation ? . . That is sort of what the experiment showed . If you count back from 4 to 1 , things are getting Simpler . Counting back. ( 4). complex spherical rotation , (3) movement in 3 dimensions , (2)movement in 2 dimensions , (1) movement in 1 dimension . At 1 you just have Energy input . Simple ! Mike

I have contemplated. E to the j pi = 1. Or (-1) ...{ e to the i pi -1 = 0 }. i, j, k complex numbers in 3 dimensions ORTHOGONALITY seems to be at the root of Eulers Theorem . Which itself is a very very interesting feature of reality . So although ORTHOGONALITY can cause a circle to be described , there is far more in there than meets the eye . It would appear 3 dimensional space has ' self constructed '. Itself into those three dimensions BECAUSE of ORTHOGONALITY . Namely in order to escape the constrictions of one particular dimension , a complex transform must be performed in order to go to the next dimension . And so forth into the third dimension . Thus the three dimensions of. X,y,z, real. Are derived and/ or transformed into. i,j ,k complex dimensions By the principle of ORTHOGONALITY . Euler Link :- http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler Mike Ps I have personally conducted an experiment , inputting energy gradually into first one dimension , then two dimensions , then three dimensions , then above three dimensions on a ' string ' ( is this a proof of string theory ) ?

Now the film ' interstellar ' has no doubt been seen by many . Maybe we will start to design systems to fulfil , this far reaching ambition ? Mike

Two prose / scientific Poetry .: Written as entries to two competitions a few years ago ( not many ) for (1) 'Waterstones Book Chain (2) New Scientist magazine and Microsoft (1) (2) ...., Mike

Remembering ( without the detail ) , one of the memorable moments in the presence of a maths lecturer. ( in university) , He eat , drunk and and lived mathematics . I asked him how he knew where to go in a proof. He replied " take the simpler more beautiful route " He also said " there is a transform ( like s/ 1- s squared or something ,) not sure . He went on to say will transform to 'anywhere' . Such that when you transform back from the s domain ( ' anywhere ' in the s domain ) , you will come back to this exact spot" . This sounded fascinating to me at the time , and to this day. As it means mathematically , one could nip off to 'anywhere' , and yet get back home to exactly the right spot. Yet life in the other domain would be quite quite different. I think this has some bearing on what is being discussed here, ! I think ! Or was it , " you transformed to an exact spot , but could reverse transform to ' anywhere ' . In which case you could travel to anywhere in the universe! From this spot ? " Not sure how you get home again ? Probably reverse transform (better get the sums right , or you could end up anywhere ) ! Hey ! Where am I ? I suppose this is the difference between maths and physics. Maths is a construct ! Physics is reality ? If the maths is not, or can not ever be anywhere near , explicit enough , then it can never attain reality , whereas physics by definition IS the reality ? Possibly ? Or possibly not ! Eek ! Mike I need some sleep !

. Consciousness . by . . . someone or something . . . is essential for . . " An ' Anything ' . having happened.". or the whole thing is a waste of time . . .Nobody or Nothing being conscious is nothing . Vaporous. Mike

Thanks! that is great ! i have remembered that across 50 years, there is life in the old dogs brain yet ! I need to have a go at painting that magical concept. Don't knock Art some of our Scientific predecessors were Artists as well as Scientists ! ( See 'Art in Science' on 'Other Science forum' . ) it does help one , to see ' outside the box '. Not saying you are not seeing outside the box , but it is definitely a help with interdisciplinary thought. mike

.Boltzmann originated a formulaic principle of thermo dynamics using the Boltzmann constant . Carnot produced relationships also with closed systems as they applied to entropy. There is nothing to say the universe is a closed system! Ed Whitton ( yet another Nobel prize winner ) , in recent years , spoke about the degrees of freedom , as they applied to quantum mechanics. The subject of entropy has been applied , and spoken of , to much wider disciplines as it relates to :- order and disorder. Thus the subject of Simplicity as it relates to science is endemic only in so far as science is a moving feast , and changes as discoveries are uncovered. Which is reality , is a bit of an interesting thing ! Reality out there , no doubt exists , but what we see is possibly different, yet becoming incrementally clearer! Maybe ? At the end of the day , this is a man made discipline as opposed to an absolute principle. I think ? Mike I have very vague recollections from my university days that there was a formulae lurking somewhere like ( e to the j pi = 1 ) or something like that , which I thought at the time seemed a bit magical as it seemed to tie a lot of things together !

Wikipedia Links Degrees of Freedom To thermodynamics . Thermodynamics is one use of the concept of Entropy Simplification is linked with Order at one end of the ' Entropy spectrum' Total disorder is linked to the other end of the ' Entropy spectrum' Link :- http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy ....... ENTROPY Link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_%28statistics%29 ........DEGREES OF FREEDOM link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry) ..... ENERGY of SYSTEM Link :- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics...........Laws of THERMODYNAMICS . Simple very low entropy Not so simple . Higher value of entropy , disorder and degrees of freedom much higher value of entropy , degrees of freedom , and disorder. Mike

.. Is this whole area of simplification , what the subject Entropy is trying to explore ? If this is the case . Namely Entropy being defined as the measure of ' degrees of freedom' . Then there appear to be four areas of interest to do with simplicity , freedom or entropy. 1. Zero . 0 , ultimately simple , no degree of freedom , 2 infinitely small yet non zero . inevitable. The beginning or not. 3. finite value , say now, when there is existence, ( because we are here ) things have many degrees of freedom . 4. Infinitely large where everything is spread out and unusable . Yet complex . Mike

The condition now it has happened , is no longer the same. Now , instead of nothing , there is something. The something is ALL we now know as the universe to date. Time is now crystallised into the 13.7 billion years we find ourself part of . Time and change are set into a scale we recognise . Size is proportioned to approx 10 to the plus 45 down to 10 to the minus 43. From here on in all of this effects what happens next. It is no longer nothing. Far from it , it is very much something! Mike