steevey

The wall looks blue. That ball looks larger than that. Because in the past something was in one location and is now in another location, it must have moved. etc.

I'm pretty sure it means that the photon pretty much travels forever, its always doing work. I guess it could fall into a black hole, but at least under terrestrial conditions, photons never stop being photons. Only the wavelength changes.

Does the mass (or amount of neutrons and photons) of the nucleus effect the photon emitted? Or does the photon hit an individual particle in which case whats the difference between the photon hitting the neutron or proton of the nucleus?

If dark matter exists, the reason its dark is cause it doesn't interact with the electro-magnetic force, which is why it has to be dense because the only thing holding it together would be gravity. The reason there seems to be dark matter is because there isn't enough visible matter to account for things such as the gravitational fields arround certain areas as well as there not being enough visible mass to make up for how galaxies are held together.

No, because those macroscopic things we see would only have occurred if there were things going on at a smaller scale, at least evidently.

What about light then? I know its pure "momentum", but why not energy? Isn't it a particle of pure electro-magnetic energy?

Mostly no, it's not anything like an electron moving around the nucleus. Its that the electron itself surrounds the nucleus and occupies an entire region of volume.

So what color do you get from a photon that has hit the nucleus? And wait, "high energy"? So the only way an electron could even get to the nucleus past an electron is if it had high energy? Why does that matter?

As more and more plausible possibilities for how the universe works is discovered, the more into focus things that defy the old classical world get. With new theories, a black hole does not have to be this strange object which wraps the fabric of space so much that it doesn't exist in the universe )which doesn't make sense since the universe is the totality of everything), but rather just a piece of highly compressed matter which radiates a large amount of a particle which carries the force for gravity. The event horizon just happens to be where if you graphed the speed you need to escape a black hole according to distance, it exceeds light. There's really nothing special about the event horizon.

I think he's pointing out that because an electron as a wave can surround the nucleus, doesn't a photon have to pass right through the electron to come into contact with the nucleus? But I think what would happen is that the electron would hit the photon and get re-emitted in a random direction which usually doesn't hit the nucleus, and if it did the photon would get re-emitted anyway.

I don't get what was wrong with Bohr's model then. Was it that the only shapes were spheres instead of things like dumbbells and toruses and double dumbbells?

But if they aren't energy, how do they travel at c?

But then you still have to ask whats causing those things to happen, which we can't see. If you just look at a classical level, math alone doesn't completely describe something anyway.

What about Planck Time?

Aren't electrons also waves in the new model? They are described more like clouds with specific shapes for given properties, but they have those shapes because of the wave nature of elementary particles don't they? Otherwise, how could a single particle electron be an entire cloud of superpositions?

But, if the Gauge Boson for those forces are traveling at c, then they are some type of pure energy and don't have mass unlike the Gauge Boson for the weak force which has mass.

Except it can be proven that magnetism doesn't effect light because objects of neutral charge bend light the same way as an objects WITH charge.

It doesn't seem like it does it, but I don't think it's a coincidence that gravity and the electro-magnetic force travel at the exact same speed of light which is pure electro-magnetic energy. After all, can't only energy travel at the speed of energy? Otherwise why isn't matter going at the speed of light?

Most of it does, but what about the still prevalent property of newton's third law of motion? An electron exerting an electro-magnetic force on a proton will receive the same amount of electro-magnetic force from that proton whether they are waves or particles. I thought the Bohr model was that solar system-like model which just shows how energy and movement is quantized at the atomic level. Electrons are still described as waves surrounding the nucleus aren't they? They are more like clouds which represent the electrons as waves and the highest areas of probability for appearing as particles. I think its called the wave mechanics model

Magnetic force isn't effecting light at all, its the gravity of a neutron star. Strictly speaking, the charge of a neutron star itself is neutron since its made of pretty much just neutrons. However, a neutron star has such a high gravity that the neutrons aren't drifting away from each other.

The reason math is "needed" in physics is because math depicts observable patterns which extend into unobservable realms. We see matter, but we need math to figure out that its made of tiny pieces we can't see. However, because we can't observe it to prove it, anything math describes that is unobservable can't be 100% certain which is why you have all these weird theories like string theory. You really can't disprove that either since you can't see it.

None of these are permanent, not even some things in 4. At any moment, an electron could gain energy from a photon and jump the a higher energy level changing where it's probability to be found is. And, because an electron is a standing wave of existence and not a particle, it appears at its most probable locations and usually not in the nucleus. If an electron were actually just a particle, THEN it would fall into the nucleus. Sometimes an electron can be in the nucleus, but its very unlikely in an atom. Newtonian physics still applies in some ways for 1, whenever an electron exerts an electro-magnetic force an another particle such as a proton, the proton still exerts the same amount of electo-magnetic force back on the electron. The only reason the quantum world appears to be separated from the classical world is because on the very large scale, its nearly impossible for a particle such as a bound electron to jump any sort of noticeable distance away from its most probable location to appear. And its much less probable than enough noticeable matter of an object would do it simultaneously as to cause the object to appear to be teleporting. And, unless an electron gets converted into pure energy or a number of other particles, it will always be its own wave and continue to pop in and out. Honestly, the point of the electron cloud model is that an electron itself isn't actually moving like a planet around a star at all.

Hence the word "appear" But anyway, then what's carrying those gravitational waves unless what gravity is caused by is some energy or particle with energy itself?

Steven Hawking recently said worm holes aren't possible

Then how do you explain gravitational waves which are carried by what appears to be the fabric of space time itself?