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Tornado

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    Organic Chemistry

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  1. I suspect the cider was touching the back wall of your fridge unlike the rest of the stuff which is typically colder.
  2. My apologises. I've just checked a textbook and in mass spectrometry CH4 loses an electron to form the radical .CH4+ this reacts with CH4 to form the CH3 radical and CH5+ This is unusual as it only has eight electrons but still forms 5 bonds. These are distributed between the five bonds (hence the + charge) and the structure is thought to be trigonal bipyramidal. This structure has not been determined as it's too unstable. It's merely proposed from theoretical calculation. CH5+ is an unstable compound which functions as a powerful acid and can protonate pretty much everything when it protonates something a proton is removed but no electrons.
  3. Think about electrons as a cloud instead of a tiny particle. We cannot know exactly where electrons are at any one time in an atom/bond however we know the areas that they are likely to be in. In polar bonds the electrons are not closer to one atom than the other there is merely more probability that at any one instance the electron will be found closer to the more electronegative atom. The reasoning behind this is due to multiple factors. Like with magnets opposite charges attract this is important in bond polarity. For example with the OH bond the oxygen is small but has a large positive nucleus relative to the size and because of the lack of electrons in the oxygen atom to shield those in the bond. The effects felt by the electrons in the OH bond are stronger than the effects felt by the same electrons from the hydrogen atoms. This means that the electrons are more likely to be found towards the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom.
  4. As far as I'm aware the addition hydrogen adds on as a dative (or co-ordinate) covalent bond just like in NH4. As for carbon forming five bonds I'd doubt it very much because carbon forms four bonds via sp3 hybridism. I couldn't imagine a 1s electron functioning as a bonding electron...
  5. First thing's first: is your organic compound soluble in water?
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