hypervalent_iodine

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If it's not available freely through the publisher, then I'm afraid we cannot help you.

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Definitely not. Can you identify what kind of reaction this might be? Are your reactants acids, bases, etc.?

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Okay, so what have you tried? If you're not sure what you're trying to see and you can already visualize the carbazole with UV, I would start with the standard ones (or what I consider to be the standard ones), such as Goofy dip, KMnO4, vanillin, charring with H2SO4 or an iodine chamber. If those don't work, you could look into something more exotic, although if it were me (and since you can see your other spot) I wouldn't waste my time and the group's materials with that.

UV doesn't show you your carbazole spots?

I would disagree with this. If something is 'attacked' we are really talking about the movement of electrons. Since the negatively charged electrons will always attack positively charged centres, you would never say that an electrophile is the substrate doing the attacking.

You can always filter out any Celite that comes through the funnel. I personally add a layer of sand at the bottom of silica or celite plugs to avoid this, but if some comes through anyway then you can filter it through some filter paper or something similar. The only real purpose of it here is as a filtration aid. If you're using something like Pd on carbon, celite is very handy at filtering out the pesky carbon that that has a tendency to go through fritted funnels. If you're still not convinced, maybe try a silica plug instead?

Is this for an assignment or something? I assume the compound is a natural product, in which case I would recommend finding out what type of natural product it is and doing a search for some total synthesis papers. This exact compound may be missing from the literature, but you should get an idea of general approaches. I would also suggest using SciFinder to see if it has been made before. Is stereochemistry important here?

I would also disagree with CP. If it were a wax or something hydrophobic, separation with water wouldn't have worked. If it were a microbe, it would be fairly obvious. It's possible that the solvent you have it in is reacting with your compound to some extent and forming something that is less water soluble. I wouldn't be able to guess as to what exactly it is, but you might get some idea if you separate it and run mass spec, IR or NMR and compare it to the compound that eluted or you could re-run the fraction through HPLC or GC and see how many peaks you get.

This is totally dependent on exactly what compound you're talking about. In general, halogenation of something like benzene occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. Halogenation of a simple alkyl side chain would occur if the conditions promoted a radical reaction, such as the addition of UV light. Prediction of whether halogenation occurs on the ring or one some kind of side chain would require knowledge of what the side chain is. Is this a homework question as well?

I'm not sure what you mean by hexose acid as this is not a standard term. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a -COOH group, where one of the oxygens is double bonded to the carbonyl carbon and the other is an OH group bound to the same carbon. The H on the OH part of the functional group is acidic and fairly easily removed. You would not find a list of all carboxylic acids because this would be too broad of a category and the number of compounds that could contain such a functionality would be extremely large. Gluconuronic acid contains a carboxylic acid group at the C-6 position and is a derivative of normal glucose, which would normally contain an OH group at the C-6 position. Thus you would say that gluconuronic acid is a carboxylic acid. Malic acid contains two individual carboxylic acid groups, which means you would refer to it as a diacid or a dicarboxylic acid.

What?

Is this a homework question? The PPh3 should give away the name of the reaction you're dealing with here.