Light as a wave needs a medium of propagation. The aether is the medium through which propagate light waves. Light shows a surprising number of properties that were difficult to explain relatively to the aether, but which must appear as naturals, a normal result of the properties of aether. The aether must support the phenomena related to light, particles and their interactions.
1) The first property of light is the fact that it is a transverse wave.
The light spreads inside the aether, so should be a longitudinal wave. Also, given the enormous velocity of light, the aether should have a considerable density, so it should be detectable. How is it possible for a transverse wave to propagate within the aether? The explanation lies in analyzing how a transverse wave propagates, in understanding what essentially a transverse wave is.
The transverse wave propagates to the surface of environment, the oscillation occurring perpendicular to the direction of advance. Looking at the water surface where waves are, we actually notice that not the entire volume of water vibrates, but only its surface. The water surface is a plan, a two-dimensional space and the vibration occurs in the external environment, the air, which is a three-dimensional space. The transverse wave from surface of water are a vibration of a two-dimensional space in a three-dimensional space, and by extension a transverse wave is a vibration of a space with n dimensions into a space with n+1 dimensions.
Thus, the aether is a three-dimensional environment, the space itself, and the transverse vibration of light is performed in a space with four dimensions. The aether is not being driven by the movement of bodies.
Light is a form of transition from the three-dimensional space, the aether, to the space with four dimensions. As a general rule, the transition from a space with n dimensions to a space with n+1 dimension occurs by curving the n-dimensional space.
2) The second property of light is the constancy of velocity of light regardless of velocity of source or the observer.
The fact that the velocity of light is constant regardless of velocity of source is a normal property of waves and is a result of immobility of aether. Weirdest is the fact that velocity of light is constant regardless of observer's velocity, fact which is proved by the Michelson-Morley experiment. We will review this property.
Normally, must be applied the classical velocity-addition formula, so the observed velocity of light will be smaller in the direction of advancing. In reality it is found that the velocity of light is constant and equal to c, as the observer would be immobile referring to the light.
Classical velocity-addition formula applies to observers who are in motion in the same type of space, three-dimensional for example. But the light moves in a three-dimensional space and the observer moves in a space with four dimensions. It's about a transformation of coordinates from a space with n dimension to a space with n +1 dimension, knowing that the transition from an n-dimensional space to n+1-dimensional space takes place by curving the n-dimensional space. A straight line in n-dimensional space is a curved line in n+1-dimensional space.
Initially, we have an observer and a wave light that are moving in the same direction, they are meeting in the point C.
When the observer increases its velocity, normally the light needs to travel a longer distance and longer time until it reaches the observer (AB). The fact that the velocity of light appears to be constant and equal to c, can be explained by the fact that the observer, although it increased its velocity, went on a curve trajectory and not on a straight line, so that the velocity gain of observer is offset by the increase distance obtained by curving trajectory (AB'C), time to cross being the same. It's like saying that although the observer goes faster, he arrives at the same time at the intersection point ©, as result of a roundabout way. So the light travels a shorter distance to the intersection than normal (AC).
It compares the path of observer in space with four dimensions to the path of light in the three-dimensional space. AB is the distance to be covered normally by light, AC is the actual distance traveled by light and BC is the difference of path as result of observer's velocity v.
These transformation equations from the aether as three-dimensional space to the space four-dimensional correspond to the set of special relativity equations, are valid only when relate the observer's motion to the light and have the value of a mathematical exercise.
The light's velocity appears to be constant and equal to c for the observer as a fact that light travels in a three-dimensional space and the observer travels in a four-dimensional space.
Similar are derived the other known equations from special relativity.
3) The third property is the corpuscular aspect of light, the wave-particle duality, a fact highlighted by a series of experiences like the external photoelectric effect and Compton effect.
When light waves interact with obstacles which comparable size with the wavelength, becomes a standing wave. One such obstacle can be an energy barrier, like a material particle or an energy field.
This explanation is supported by the fact that aspect of particle of light manifests strongly for small wave lengths and is virtually nonexistent for large wave lengths.
4) The fourth property is the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave, consisting of an electric and a magnetic field.
Considering a spherical field of longitudinal waves that propagate in water, can be seen that the wave front who is reaching the water surface forms a transverse wave that will be propagate along with the longitudinal wave, as a result of it. It is the same for light.
The electric field exists around the particles that contain electrical charge and has an individual existence and can be considered as field of longitudinal waves in the aether.
The magnetic field appears only as a result of electric field variation and does not exist by itself without an electric field which generates it and maintains it permanently.
The magnetic field is the transverse component of light, representing the curved aether as a three-dimensional space in a space with four dimensions.
The model of electromagnetic waves propagation is: the electric and magnetic field oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation and are generating one another. A longitudinal wave that is propagating in three-dimensional space generates a transverse wave in the four-dimension space, and vice versa. The idea is the same, namely that what is a right line in a n-dimensional space represents a curve in a n +1- dimensional space.