India contributed a lot to modern mathematics, most people fail to realise that. including the introduction of 0, negative numbers, as well as that they were one of the first mathematicians to recognise the existance of square roots of negative numbers. Arab mathematicians did a lot of mathematics as well. One of the most famous indian mathematicians was probably Ramanujan. I read his biography "The man who knew Infinity". He was almost completely self taught. He came to England as he sent a letter to "Hardy" with a few examples of his work. He was a fellow of the Royal Society
"Littlewood was asked to help teach Ramanujan rigorous mathematical methods. However he said ([31]):-
... that it was extremely difficult because every time some matter, which it was thought that Ramanujan needed to know, was mentioned, Ramanujan's response was an avalanche of original ideas which made it almost impossible for Littlewood to persist in his original intention.
"Ramanujan had an intimate familiarity with numbers, and excelled especially in number theory and modular function theory. His familiarity with numbers were demonstrated by the following incident. During an illness in England, Hardy visited Ramanujan in the hospital. When Hardy remarked that he had taken taxi number 1729, a singularly unexceptional number, Ramanujan immediately responded that this number was actually quite remarkable: it is the smallest integer that can be represented in two ways by the sum of two cubes"
His notebooks are really famous.
there are quite a lot of entries for ramanujan in mathsworld.
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