MavricheAdrian

First of all, I apologize, because English is not my native language. Now I understand what you wanted to say....In my native language, inflation and expansion have the same meaning. Even in the link you put we find "...inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space..." ....I missed that one "exponential", although in the link sent by you, reference is also made to "Eternal inflation", this means that, in this case, it can be confused with the expansion of the universe. I do mea culpa, and I rectify, saying that when I referred to inflation, I equated it with expansion of the universe. Therefore, where I wrote inflation, I thought of the expansion of the universe

As I understand what you have said, you are hypothesising that electrical charges do not actually exist. Electrical effects are actually some sort of chnage in spacetime.

I have no mathematical apparatus ye If you read till to the end, the theory, you'll see why I didn't say "q1 and q2"

Fine, thank you. That's what I did electric charge.pdf It didn't load properly. In fact it is ε = mc^2 I'm already confused. .... I didn't say that "atomic physicists state that inflation is pushing objects away". Where did you read this statement in my material? Is the difference between inflation and expansion of the universe? Both express the same thing, and it is considered a continuous process .... it has even been found that it is faster than it is believed.....I have always found both expressions, which express the same thing ... the removal of the heavenly bodies, one against the other

Please forgive me, but I do not know how to do otherwise ... I followed the advice ... I guarantee that I do not deal with viruses ... I just want to discuss my theory ... I apologize one more time Tell me how to proceed, please

Thanks for your help! I hope I succeeded... How about..."This is already done in very elementary work"...true, but not my approach. "All the dynamic effects need an electric theory quite different from that of gravitation.Have you considered this?" That's what I did with this theory electric charge.docx

Yes, this is about cosmological inflation....I do not know that there are differences between the Universe and the Cosmos...

Hello! I copied the material, but I can't put the drawings ... it's hard to understand without drawings... I do not know what I can do to upload the drawings.... Electric charge – a different approach Abstract: It is a parallel theory with the one of quantum mechanics, and is trying in an approximately-simplistic manner to describe the world of atomic processes. Starting from the similarity between an electric field with a gravitational field, it is demonstrated why (and how) the elementary electrical charge has this value. Keywords: elementary electrical charge - it is one of the basic properties of matter, which indi-cates a fundamental property of the fundamental particles; physical field – fundamental notion to ex-plain the transmission of interactions from close to close, and from a distance; space-time – space and time seen as components of a single four-dimensional space-time system; inflation – astronomy (General relativity) ; mechanical work – a form of energy exchange (changing the dynamic state of the system); oscillation(vibration) – energy transformation from one form to another; 2 I. Introduction: In general we find many articles relating to (and about) electrical charge, but nowhere does it say from where it has this value, it’s being considered an intrinsic property of elementary particles. [It will be considered as elementary particles, only those particles that have a "real existence", namely, those which have a bigger life of, let's say, 5 min, - therefore, the electron, the proton and the neutron - the other particles live such a short time, disintegrating almost instantaneously after it's being formed, so that we do not know if it can be considered particles or only "resonances" (oscillations) of determined energy[6]. "Confusion" between the action of an oscillation with the action of a "mass", we find it in Einstein's famous formulas of the energy too, namely ε = m and ε = hν. Describing the energy, they can be considered equal, namely m =hν. But we notice that on each side of equality there is a constant and one variable. So, by re-ducing constants, which are always the same, the variables will remain, that is m≈ ν, which means that the action of a mass, in our case of a one particle, can be confused with the action of a oscillation, and vice versa. It is also known that the proton and the neutron have an internal structure (quarks), but its are considered in all experiments as the standalone particles [1], therefore this is how it will be considerated also in this case.] II. Basic Ideas: In this material is starting from the similarity between electric field and the gravitational field, and without contradicting or entering into conflicting with quantum mechanics, it will be explain "why" the elementary electrical charge has this value. Between the gravitational field and the electric field, both with sources at rest, we will find the following: - similarities: - the mathematical formulas of the two physical fields (of the fields forces) are similars – directly proportional with the masses (respectively with the electrical charges) and inversely proportional to the square of the distances [3]; - the intensities of both fields are described by similar mathematical formulas; - and I would add, as manifestations of the fields: - different masses have the same gravitational acceleration (it moves identically in the field) [2] [4]; - different masses (the electron and the proton) have the same electrical charge (as a value) [1]; - differences: - gravitational forces are just attractive [2]; - electric forces can be both attractive and repulsive [6]; 3 III. Background of the study: Since the similarities between the two fields are very high, it will apply what is known about the gravitational field [2], and to the electrical field, namely, to give it to the latter, a form which will be described by space-time geometry. If we were to simplistically interpret the gravitational field (which is just attractive), in the presence of the masses [2], the geometric shape of the space-time curve would be (let's call it positive curvature – downward) as in fig.1. Attempting to give a geometrical shape to the electric field too, we have the model for attractive force, the one from fig.1, but for the repulsive force we should have a negative curvature (let's call it upward) as in fig.2. 4 But how would make the space-time membrane to pass from the positive curve (downward) to the negative curvature (upward)? How would "feel" space-time membrane that it has to do with electrical charges of the same kind, to change its curvature? What would be the process of changing the curves? Something like this is not possible. It can't happen something like this. Its mean that there is another way to explain the part of the repulsive forces? Is there another phenomenon capable to explaining repulsive force? Yes, there is a phenomenon that it manifests itself throughout all the Universe and it influence all outerspace bodies. It's about the universe's inflation [2][3][4]. (If we ask atomic physicists, if they "believe" in the phenomenon of inflation, all of them will affirmative answer, but none introduced the effects of this process into the "atomic world") It is clear that this inflation phenomenon, which influences (and pushes away) massive bodies (outerspace bodies) from Universe, it will influence all elementary particles too. It’s not possible that "disturbing" massive bodies, to not influence the elementary particles too. This phenomenon best explains " fugue" (rejection) of the particles, one from other. IV. Development of the study: Trough inflation we understand „the swelling” of space-time [2][3][4] and it can be imagined like a balloon which has a some dots marked on it, and when it’s swelling, the points are push it away, one from other [3], without being actualy „ moved”( to support the action of any forces), as in fig.3. 5 This will also happen with elementary particles. They are not dots on the surface, but will be "pulled" by the space-time which is in the inflation process, as in fig.4, and for an external observer it will seem that they are moving away, one from another, as if it will be under the influence of any field. Now we have the explanation for the phenomenon of fugue (rejection) of the atomic particles, but in this case we can no longer explain the case of attraction between them. However, one can notice that there is a limit (let say, a critical mass), from where rejection no longer has effect, but prevail only attraction between particles. The mass of the neutron is this „critical mass”, and it is at the limit, between stability and instability. [Through the critical mass we understand the limit from where the space-time influences the matter, and from where the matter influences the space-time membrane, deforming it. It's like the Brownian movement(thermal agitation movement), see the"effect of colloidal emulsion" (in my case, of the space-time membrane) at the test particles, up to a certain mass (critical mass), but from this upwards mass value, the effect of colloidal emulsion (in my case, of the space-time membrane) it is no longer possible. From the critical mass value up, the curvature of the space-time membrane appears under the action of the mass.] 6 V. Completion of the study: From the ideas presented above, we can draw the following conclusions: - the attraction of particles is the bending of space-time in”downward”; - rejection is constituted by "pulling" the particles by the space-time surface, in the inflation process; - we have a critical mass, between stability and instability, from where the down-bending process of space-time it may oppose to the inflation process; Based on these conclusions, we can deduce that when two (or more) masses, which insummeded have at least critical mass, are influenced to approaching, „surface tension of the space-time membrane” it will break locally, and it will bend downward. Thus, the bending of the space-time membrane it will keep the masses together (“rolling one to another”), opposing to the pulls of the masses by the surface inflation process, as in fig.5 But it is noticeable that when the space-time membrane it's bending, it's doing a mechanical work, transmitting a vibration (an oscillation)„ε” to the whole surface, fig. 6. These oscillations behave like a particle [6], generating what we call neutrino. 7 But, as I said, this critical mass (obtained from the summation of the masses) is at the limit of stability (in a state of unstable equilibrium) and any smal perturbation (and under the influence of the inflation process) it will disintegrate into the component parts, and the space-time membrane will once again perform a mechanical work, releasing another neutrino,as in fig. 7. 8 VI. The advantages of this interpretation: This interpretation doesn't get in conflict with quantum mechanics and has the following advantages: a) shows that everything that we call electrical charge is actually the action of the inflation process on the particles with a lower mass than the critical mass. The inflation process gives the quantitative value of electrical charges; b) because the "electrical charge property" is actually a property (a process) of the space-time, the problem of infinite masses and of electrical charges of the electron disappears [5]; c) neutrinos being a very, very, very small oscillation of space-time(compared with the gravitational waves), it influences very hardly the materia (small energy), making-them very difficult to be detected [1][5][6]. At the same time, being an oscillation whose action can be considered (confuse with) the action of a particle [6], it's easy to understand why it can change from one type to another (metamorphosis of neutrinos), and why it can be mistaken with its own antiparticle; Conclusion: This material shows that electrical charge is actually a "property" (a process [8])of space-time, and that its value is given by the inflation of the Universe. Therefore, it means that one of the properties, intrinsic, that were attributed to the elementary particles, belongs in fact to a process of the space-time. If one of the elementary particles properties belongs to space-time, then, by extrapolation, we might consider that all the properties belongs to it (even quantification), and that the matter is actually devoid of properties. This makes all constants to "belong" in fact the space-time and explains more easily the "strange" properties of the matter. At the same time, the critical mass shows the limit between quantum theory and the "classical" (see also the proposal of Roger Penrose, respectively Lajos Diosi)[5] – it shows the limit from which space-time influences the matter, and from where the matter influences the space-time, deforming it. The theory exposed above is in agreement with the Correspondence Principle.

Hello! Because I'm not how to take pictures, I put this link: which the moderators removed per Rule 2.7 I hope to get feedback.

By:Mavriche Adrian ABSTRACT: The present document startsfrom the relative existence of the electromagnetic field, reaching throughmental experiments its connection with the gravitational field, without thenecessity to resort to other space - time dimensions or supplementary"exotic" particles. The final conclusion is that the field"electro-gravitational" and electromagnetic field with acceleratedsource are two different manifestations of the same single field dynamic.Whilst demonstrating why there are light sources with "flee" towardsthe red or blue of the light spectrum. CONTENTS: As support for the theory set out in the title I have twoother theories tested and accepted today, as follows: 1) – The electromagneticfield theory completely defined by the four Maxwell's equations, which statethat, a variable electric or magnetic field (namely in accelerated motion)generate an electromagnetic field; 2) – The generalrelativity theory formulated by Albert Einstein who, starting from the localequivalent of a non-inertial reference system with a gravitational field, wasable to generate the general principle of relativity, which states that allsystems of reference are, in principle, equivalent between them (no matter theform of motion, rectilinear and uniform or accelerated). By which he meant thatan event in a reference system must be seen as an event in all other referencesystems (accelerated or not), it remains this way (namely an event) even ifseen in a diverse form. (We have the example of the light which stays as alight beam, even if it has a shift towards a red or blue, colour depending onlyon how we move the observer). (Furthermore,the equivalence principle says that an event (phenomenon) that can be carriedout in a non-inertial reference system takes place in an inertial referencesystem located in a gravitational field (ex. the Earth). In order to better understandmy reasoning, imagine an "U" Universe where there are only twoobservers - the "A" Observer placed in a box, equipped with various devices for testing andobservation, together with an electric field (electrical charge jointly withfloor box), and in another box the "B" observer with the sameexperimentation and observation apparatus, situated at a considerable distancefrom one another. The two observers communicate between them using two devices,which don’t influence the experiment. Initially, thesetwo observers with their boxes, are at rest to one another. By communicating between one and the other, they will have: - Observer A to B: I observe (I detect)only an electric field in this universe. - Observer B to A: I also observe onlyan electric field in this universe. Consequently, the two observe only a single phenomenon in the whole universe -an electric field. Without a light source, they will not be able to see betweenthem. At a certain point, the box ofthe A observer begins to move with a constant acceleration towards the Bobserver (how, it moves it doesn’t matter) (fig.1). Observer "A" located inour box, feels a force (acceleration) directed "down" through thelegs and if he lets different bodies from different masses to drop, observesthat all bodies "fall down", all touching the floor box at the sametime, no matter composite matter or physical state of the bodies in question,as Galileo concluded that happens in the gravitational field. After a while (let’s say tenseconds from the accelerated movement of box), the change of informationbetween the two will be: -1). - Observer B to A: - I don’t know whatyou see, but for me things have changed and now I observe an electromagneticfield with accelerated source. - Observer A to B: - And for me thingshave changed. Someone introduced me entirely with the box and electricalcharge, in a field of acceleration. For this field of acceleration, I have twoexplanations: -1). – The box in which I am (along with testing and observation appliances andelectric field) is accelerated; -2). -- I was introduced within the box in a gravity field. The principle of equivalence says that I can’t make a distinction between thesetwo cases (1 and 2). - Observer B to A:- If things are for you this way, it means that in order to explain theappearance of electromagnetic field with the accelerated source, the principleof equivalence makes that Ialso have two equivalent cases: -1’). –The case in which your box is accelerated, a normal case (if an electric fieldis accelerated, it will radiate an electromagnetic field with the acceleratedsource); - 2’). – The case in which you (box and electric field) have beenintroduced within a gravity field, a very interesting case. If you (togetherwith the box and electric field) have been introduced within a gravity field,and I observe (I detect) the appearance of the electromagnetic field with theaccelerated source, it means that this new field that I see, is actually theresult of interactions between the electric field with the gravitational field.Therefore, I can say that an combined field of gravity with an electric fieldgenerates an electromagnetic field with the accelerated source. This means: gravitational field + electric field =electromagnetic field with the accelerated source, or: (I.1) electromagnetic field with the acceleratedsource = gravitational field + electric field, This represents " TheUnification (Connection) Theory of the electromagnetic field with thegravitational field (U.T.E.F.G.), that can expressed like this: When introducing an electric field in a gravitational field(acceleration field), an electromagnetic field with accelerated source always appears or: There is no method to distinguish between an electric fieldcombined with a gravitational field (electro-gravitational field) and anelectromagnetic field withaccelerated source. [One can say that the electro-gravitationalfield and electromagnetic field with accelerating source, are complementary -once you are inside of the electro - gravitational field a manifestation in a single strength isobserved (i.e.split), and when you are outside you notice another way of the manifestation ofthe unique force. These events have a dual character, cannot be seen any timeat the same time - the photon example]. This explains why under specific circumstances, gravitational fieldequations have almost the same form as those of the electromagnetic field. Thetwo fields are different manifestations of the same single field. Considering from acceleration ”a”, variation of the speed (Dv) tends to zero but never reacheszero and the variation of time (Dt) tends to infinity, for a short period the speed can beconsidered constant (and a =0) and U.T.E.F.G. changes into "E = vB “, thisis Maxwell’s theory. This means thatMaxwell's field theory is a special case of unification theory. Mach claims that theacceleration "felt” by a body is due to the gravitational attraction exertedby all masses in the Universe on that body. That means that gravity"generates" acceleration - acceleration doesn’t exist withoutgravity. So the two cases (1 and 2) get down to one. Therefore, the caseconnected to gravity is the real case. But, given the fact that there is equality, the terms on the left shoulddescribe the same thing as the right terms of the equality. So, to say that anassembly of gravity field with an electric field generates an electromagneticfield with accelerated source, is the same thing as admitting that you can’tmake a distinction between combination of gravity field with an electric field(I named it electro-gravitational field) and (towards) an electromagnetic fieldwith the accelerated source. Therefore the two fields are equivalent. We can also se that anobserver, who sees from the left side of the equality member (gravity field +electric field) doesn’t see from the right side of the equality(electromagnetic field with accelerated source). To better understandthat which is stated above, it is necessary to undertake another mentalexperiment: We take a disklarge enough to bear an X observer, who is anchored to said disk. Thisdisk is equally divided in two colours - yellow and blue. Suspended somewhereabove the disk, there is another Y observer, that sees the disk and the colourson it, but it doesn’t see the X observer. Initially,the two observations will be: - observer X to Y - I see a disk divided in two colors, yellow and blue; - observer X to Y - I see a disk divided in two colors, yellow and blue, whichmeans seeing the same thing, blue + yellow = blue + yellow. At one point the disk begins to rotate around the imaginary centre, and the twoobservations will be: - observer X to Y - I see a disk divided in two colors, which I could seeinitially, but there has also appeared a field of acceleration, which I canfeel; - observer X to Y - I see a coloured disk in a single color - green. I thinkthat I actually see the result of interactions between the field ofacceleration and the two colours. This means that equality has changed and nowwe have blue + yellow (which we initially noticed) + field of acceleration(which you feel) = (generates) green (which I see). Thus, the two say that blue+ yellow + field of acceleration (mixture) generates green, but notice that onecan say yellow + blue + field of acceleration (mixture) is equivalent to green.The two see the same thing but describe it differently (the same phenomenondescribed in two different ways). The same goes for us. We have two differentways of description of an electrical load located in an acceleration field (electricalload accelerated). On the one hand we describe an accelerated electrical load,and on the other hand, describe an electromagnetic field (which is actually theresult of accelerated electrical loads). This is our relative interpretation;in fact the two descriptions refer to the same phenomenon. T.R.R. tells us that space generates time. T.G.R. says that a gravitational field is equivalent to a field ofacceleration, but in the same time the theory says that field of accelerationgenerates a gravitational field and the gravitational field generatesacceleration. U.T.E.F.G.says electrical charge in a gravity field generates an electromagnetic field,but it also shows that the assembly of gravitational field with an electricfield generates electromagnetic field with the accelerated source. Since the equivalence between a field of acceleration and agravitational field is local, this character is transmitted and U.T.E.F.G. The sameresult (see I.1) can be reached with another experiment, as it follows: A non-inertial reference system is locally equivalent to aninertial reference system located in a gravitational field. This isEinstein's equivalence principle which, placing on an equal footing thetwo reference systems (inertial and non-inertial) tells us that there is noexperiment helping us to distinguish between them and that anyevent which can be observed in a part, will be observed in the other part aswell (example of the curvature of light ray from fig.2, observed by bothobservers, "A" and "B"). We take again the box thatEinstein used in his examples, including the “A” observer and his apparatus ofobservation, far away from any type of influences. Outside of the box there isa stationary electric field (with its own reference system), as in fig. 3. When the box is at rest towards electrical field, the “A”observer will realize only the presence of an electric field. We will begin to movethe box in accelerated way (“up") towards the reference system of theelectrical field. Our observer from the box will have no way of knowing that itmoves in an accelerated manner. By gradually replacingthe acceleration field with a gravitational field hi will not realize thischange (not making any distinction between an acceleration field and agravitational field) and hi will draw the following conclusion: -when someoneintroduces me and integer my box to a gravitational field, the electrical fieldthat I observe, disappears and in its place an electromagnetic field withaccelerated source appears. So, gravitational field + electrical field =electromagnetic field with accelerated source, that is what we obtained earlier(see I.1). This second experimentshows that the local equivalence existence makes that the “A” observer to “see”the same phenomena and when the acceleration field is gradually replaced by agravitational field. If he could observe any slight change in the substitutionof the two fields, then it could be possible to make a distinction between anacceleration field and gravitational field, what is in contradiction with theprinciple of local equivalence. U.T.E.F.G. is onetheory, which has visible effects only at cosmically level, it can explain whyapparently some stars appear to be moving with a higher speed than the onecalculated by Hubble's law (that means a shift of stellar light to the redlight spectrum), but it also can explain and the shift of stellar light to theblue part of lights spectrum (aspect still remained unclear explained). To explain the above -mentioned phenomenon, we take the example of two identically constructed boxes,but which have (as a value) different rates of accelerations, as in fig.4. We introduce an electric field in box no. 1,which has inside “A” observer, and willdraw the following conclusions: - if a1<a2, box no. 1has one acceleration towards number 2box about ( a1 – a2 ), that is an negativeacceleration and therefore “B” observer will note the presence of anelectromagnetic field having a source with negative acceleration (namely thesource is approaching ), which means that the source field is a shift to blue; - if a1>a2, box no. 1has one acceleration towards number 2box about ( a1 – a2 ), that is a positiveacceleration and therefore “B” observer will note the presence of anelectromagnetic field having a source with positive acceleration (namely thesource gets away ), which means that the source field is a shift to red; - if a1=a2, box no. 1has one acceleration towards number 2box about ( a1 – a2 ), that is null acceleration andtherefore “B” observer will note the same things like “A” observer, this meansgravitational field + electrical field = electromagnetic field with zeroaccelerated source (namely multiplied by zero ), resulting that it sees onlygravitational field + electrical field; ( how boxes have the same speed and thesame direction, it is as if the two observers were be in the same box, andtherefore they see the same thing). As an accelerated referencesystem is locally equivalent with a gravitational field, our examples mentionedabove can approximate with two gravitational fields of different value ofintensities - see different accelerations of the two boxes fig.5. The box with "B"observer inside may be considered that is Earth whit our astronomers, and wehave: - if a1 < a2 (that is g1 < g2), terrestrial gravitationalfield intensity is greater than the source of the electromagnetic field and sowe see the shift to blue; - if a1 > a2 (that is g1 > g2), terrestrial gravitationalfield intensity is smaller than the source of the electromagnetic field and sowe see the shift to red; - if a1 = a2 (that is g1 = g2), terrestrial gravitationalfield intensity is equal to the source of the electromagnetic field and so wesee two separate fields – electrical and gravitational. Thisexplains why we have few sources with shift lights (electromagnetic fieldshift) to blue (gravitational field intensity of the source is lower thanterrestrial gravitational field intensity) and more sources with a lights shiftto red (that is a gravitational field intensity higher than terrestrial). U.T.E.F.G. not onlygives us this beautiful explanation (demonstration), but it also represents, asone can see the mathematical part, the connection between Theories of generalrelativity (so-called relativistic classical mechanics) and quantum mechanics. Thisconnection gives us a very interesting vision of the quantum world. U.T.E.F.G. alsoexplains very well the wave - particle duality, by actually link the electron(which has rest mass), with the photon (which has not rest mass). In conclusion, one can saythat from the assertion from two different observers (one in the gravity fieldand other outside influence), is inferred, that the electromagnetic field has arelative existence. The electromagnetic field and the electro-gravity are actuallytwo different aspects of a single force. These two manifestations of thisunique force have a dual and complementary character at the same time, theycan’t be observed simultaneously. This theory succeeds in unifying the gravityfield with the electromagnetic and it has the confirmation of the shift towardsred or blue of the stellar lights, and unifies the mechanical generalizedrelativity with quantum mechanics.

Unified Field Theory. Unification of gravity field with the electromagnetic field. By: Mavriche Adrian

hi i'm Adrian and i'm new