MigL

They were excluded because the belief that celestial bodies affected human life pre-dated science as we know it. IOW, those were the only planets visible with the naked eye, to the high priests of the ancients. IOW, Astrology is NOT a science; take it somewhere else.

That's interesting. Granular solids can be made to act like liquids. We regularly 'float' Sulphur prills, or flakes, on a cushion of N2 pressure, so it acts 'liquidy', and we can suck it under vacuum into a reactor for dithionation processes ( flakes need different N2 pressure than prills ) at my work. This effect is also seen in avalanches and land-slides. By the way, @studiot , there is no such thing as a true 'two by four'.

So gases ( like air ) can 'fracture' also, at the shock line between supersonic and subsonic flow. ( just glad to be discussing something other than made-up 'theories of everything', or drug induced 'consciousness' in QM ) True, but they also adapt to reflector 'astigmatism' induced by differing mirror orientations. ( astigmatism is different curvature along different radial axis; I have plenty on my corneas due to scar tissue from many operations )

Graphics cards rely on massively paralleled 'simple' processors that are optimized for shifting bits /bytes/words. Complex processors ( Intel/AMD ) can do many more complex operations. The 'simple' processors are adequate for the tasks required for AI/bitcoin mining, yet the thousands of cores in them will dissipate as much power as a complex processor with 8 cores. Which would you use ?

The 'sum over paths' is a QM formulation where most paths destructively interfere with each other in phase space ( involving the complex action ), leaving only the observed path. We do note destructive interference of photons in the double slit experiment, but, as it is the 'wave nature' of the photon that is interfering ( not the 'particle nature' ), one might wonder if the two 'natures', or properties of the photon, shift in and out of phase space, depending on the experiment being performed, thereby accounting for interference effects with single photons.

Maybe 'flow' was the wrong word to use. I believe the specs for the Mt Palomar reflector/mirror are available, and I would love to see a 'back of the envelope' analysis of the amount of sag ( is that better ? ) in the mirror that the glass would experience between the vertical, and the low horizon, positions. And how does the sag increase with even larger mirrors ? I believe Mt Palomar is still the largest ground based mirror assembly for the last 75 years; why have no larger ones been built ? Otherwise, why go to segmented mirrors, or adaptive/deformable mounts ?

Very well; see if you can solve this problem ... The membership of this forum is being terribly annoyed by a poster making non-sensical posts. Can we get him to stop, short of banning him ? Think you can prove that ?

I do remember reading that one of the reasons for space based telescopes, other than mitigation of atmospheric effects, was that large glass mirrors, like the 200 inch Mt Palomar, will 'flow' over time,due to gravity, and give rise to optical defects.

My understanding was that any amorphous solid is technically a 'liquid', albeit a very slow flowing one, due to intermolecular bonds that are too weak to form a regular crystalline structure. Examples being glass or amorphous Aluminum alloys, and certain other inorganic glass ceramics.

Another thing to keep in mind ... As you mentioned, Li-Ion batteries don't like overcharging, and if you keep your battery at 100%, or plugged into the charger for continuous periods, it will 'over-charge', and reduce your battery's longevity. I know Samsung phones ( such as mine ) have a feature in the settings that only allows a charge to 85% to mitigate this problem. Not sure about iPhones as I don't have one, but I've ruined many laptop batteries over the years, by keeping the plugged into the charger continuously.

Yeah. As Stringy says, these 'tendrils' that form internally, short out the battery and make it useless. I've 'rejuvenated' old Ni-Cd cells and Ni-MH cells in the past, by using a higher charging voltage to burn the 'tendrils' and fix the internal shorting, but Li-Ion have so much protection built in ( some actually microprocessor controlled ) that it's virtually impossible, unless you open the battery case, take out the individual cells, and rejuvenate them individually before reassembling in the battery case.

We don't do astrology here. Take this crap somewhere else.

I also recently read where Qatar has shut down its LNG production plant because of the war. This plant supplies one third of the world's liquid Helium, and there is now a shortage of liquid Helium used for such things as MRI diagnostic machines. It's amazing how many things were not taken into consideration before D Trump was pulled into this war by B Netanyahu. If its not V Putin pulling on his puppet strings, it's another war criminal ...

Nice, simple, understandable explanation, @exchemist . Now, do you want to explain why the price of gold, the other commodity you mentioned, is in free fall ? ( the fact that all commodities are tied to the US Dollar )

I've made it to 67; I'm surprised you made it past puberty.

He's got a plan to get out of Iran too ... He's already drafting plans to distract people with an invasion of Cuba. This is the first Presidency where day-to-day news of the Administration's actions would be a joke if they weren't so seriously affecting the world.

What do you mean ? According to D Trump, this is the second time they've beaten Iran in less than a year. Just last summer they completely destroyed and obliterated ( contrary to his own Intelligence services ) Iran's ability to make nuclear weapons, but Iran is so advanced they were able to rebuild, and threaten the world again, in a few short months !!! Similarly, that little girl will come back to threaten his Presidency real soon.

The term 'dark' is a descriptor signifying we can observe the effects, but we don't know the cause. The effects are accelerating expansion and anomalous gravitational effects that don't fit the Newtonian model. These effects indicate an unknown energy, and an unknown mass other than the visible, as the causes. So, in really simple terms, unknown energy = dark energy, and, unknown mass = dark matter. We do know that matter, with the property of mass, couples with space-time as per GR, and that affects expansion ( no expansion where gravity, or non-trivial space-time curvature, binds masses together ) but I don't see how that equates to 'freedom of movement' or regions of space where relativity does not apply.

Neurogenesis, the addition of new neurons to the human brain, peaks during development, then holds fairly constant until early middle age, then starts declining into old age. Neurons, being the human CPUs and RAM, are a simplistic measure of capacity for intellect. "From Google "Factors Impacting Age-Related Decline Stem Cell Depletion: A decline in the number of neural stem cells (NSCs). Environmental Cues: Older brains offer less support for stem cell maturation (fewer growth factors like EGF/FGF). Increased Neuroinflammation: Age-dependent increase in proteins like VCAM!" and "How to Support Neurogenesis with Age Exercise: Known to encourage angiogenesis (new blood vessels) and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Mental Activity: High-intensity cognitive engagement and learning new skills. Lifestyle Factors: Healthy diet and avoiding chronic stress." Anything else you wish to know can probably be found with a sensible search, and of course, a little bit of critical thinking. I'm 67, and I don't 'body-build' but I do work out, my job and my hobbies do support a level of mental activity, and while I typically favor a 'Mediterranean' diet, it is a little heavy on bread and pasta ( what can I say; I'm of Italian descent ), and I have a hard time avoiding stress. If there is anything else you wish to know relating to my reading ability, feel free to ask more dumb questions.

I wonder if all the people ( farmers, jobless auto workers, immigrants, soldiers, middle class sick people, etc ) who are now saying "I didn't vote for this" will take time to get the facts and study the issues before the next election. They may be the new 'independents'.

You cannot turm fat to muscle, nor muscle to fat. ( although you can eat a huge 'muscular' steak and get fatter if you don't exercise ) However, when you stop exercising, muscles atrophy through disuse, and your proportion of body fat increases. Further, if you still consume the same amount of calories as you did when you used to exercise, you will not only increase the proportion of fat to muscle, but also add additional fat deposits. ( this is where the common adage that 'muscle turns to fat' comes from, Stringy )

I always thought the Seljuk Turk empire, of which Persia was part of, was Sunni Muslim. The last remaining part of that empire was Rum ( derived from Rome ), present day Turkiye, and the origin of the Ottoman empire. How then did Persia ( present day Iran ) become Shiite Muslim ?

All of those factors may help in slowing decline of cognitive function, but they will not increase any intelligence you start with. I believe the posted article states that "mental stimulation, physical exercise, proper nutrition, and lifestyle habits that enhance cognitive function and protect against decline" You're obviously not a bodybuilder ...

Since you're asking about Democrats/Republicans, I assume you mean Americans. The easiest way is to ask what they think of D Trump; if they 'gush' about him, they are bat-shit crazy, and most likely Republicans. In most other counties where the population isn't rabid about their politics, it is much harder to differentiate between Liberals and Conservatives. We care about the issues, not the party ( or their leader ). I, for example, have voted Liberal and Conservative in Canada, and once even NDP ( Socialist ); I consider myself a social Liberal and a fiscal Conservative.

On the other hand, I don't think the Imams of the Iranian leadership had any fear of being further exposed by the Epstein files. They had enough enriched Uranium to make approx. 11 bombs, but it was only enriched to 60%, not weapon grade: and that is a big step. They admitted this to the American negotiators. There is also the rumor that the negotiators, S Witkoff and J Kushner ( with whose family B Netanyahu used to stay when he visited New York ), were tasked with getting the ruling Iranian Council all together in one known place, so they could all be taken out with one strike. Still, the way they treat their people is abhorrent, and I'm not the least bit sad for their deaths. But I don't actually believe they are 'end of times' religious fanatics either; they are adept at controlling their people with the religious institution, and plenty of violence when that fails. D Trump thought this was a win-win situation. Take control of another country's oil, as he did in Venezuela. Distract his base from Epstein files revelations and the economy, plus avoid impeachment, and possible jail time. Shore up 'patriotism' under a 'war-time' President. Further erode the powers oh House and Senate by showing that he can do whatever he wants to do. But he's stupid and didn't realize how badly things would turn out. B Netanyahu has his own agenda. He's been wanting to do this for 40 years. Hr needs to stay in power to avoid persecution and jail time, and the people keep re-electing him because of his willingness to 'protect' them by going to war. He saw the American President as one who could be easily manipulated, and forced his hand ( as M Rubio let the 'cat out of the bag' 2 days after the attacks. Its too bad American, Israeli, Lebanese, other neighboring countries, and Iranian lives have to be sacrificed as these men try to push their ideologies, hide their crimes, and empower/enrich themselves.