MigL

Mathematics is the very definition of NOT subjective. Everything is clearly defined so that everyone can understands the 'terminology'; there are no hand-waving descriptions. Maybe, before using terms, in your posts, which you don't understand, do an on-line search for what they mean. Again, it'll save you some embarrassment.

No, that's a yard. A meter is 100 cm ( or approx. 39 inches ). No, that's a rounded off figure. Actually c = 299 792 458 m/s ( but has been measured to many more significant digits ) I can't even begin to guess what you mean by this ... That would be because 'kilo' means 1000 gm. IOW, 103 gm. No, numbers, or digits, count the amount of units. Similarly Pi is a number counting the amount of radian ( sections of arc ) units. Remember the advice I gave you about not embarrassing yourself ...

Maybe my understanding of a 'model' is not the same as everyone else ? We have a 'model' for dams, Studiot. It comprises the interactions of the stresses and strains, with loads, material strengths, and gravity. We simply 'plug in' different parameters and conditions to arrive at the five different configurations. Similarly with climate science, Ken. We have a model of the atmospheric interactions with solar heating, oceanic heat sinks, and greenhouse gas insulation. We simply 'plug in' the differing parameters/conditions to arrive at a possible outcome. The 'model' is the theory of the interactions that govern ( where applicable ) the parameters/conditions we wish to investigate. For example, the theory of gravity is the model which tells us how different masses, with different speeds will orbit. While EM theory is the model into which we 'plug in' the charge of a particle and we know which direction it will curve in a particular field. Or did you mean the scale model of an AVRo Vulcan, which you assemble with plastic cement, paint, and hang in your bedroom. ( yes, I had one of those 🙂 .

OK, you don't know what dimensional analysis is either. ( what have you been doing for years ??? ) A radius is a DISTANCE, such as meters. A velocity is a DISTANCE/TIME, such as meters/second. Notice how meters =/= meters/second ??? ( that is dimensional analysis; making sure your units are consistent )

Has it ever occurred to you that the inherent paradoxes involved in time travel, such as any causality breaking or 'grandfather' paradox, suggest time travel is unreal ???

Fundamental fermions gain the property of mass through the Higgs mechanism. That means electron, quark, and neutrino families. Any composite particles they make up also have the property of mass, but it is not a strictly linear addition. As mass and energy can be equivalent properties, altering the configuration of a system can alter the energy, or the mass, of the system. This is usually seen in terms of binding energies. As an example, the fermions that constitute the proton/neutron are combinations of 3 up/down quarks, where the mass of the fermions makes up just 2 % of the total mass; the other 98 % is binding energy.

Not to me. But he might have a different opinion .

The 'model' describes the 'modelled' where applicable. The model is usually mathematical and the modelled is usually 'what we observe' ( reality ? ) In NO case is the model a full description of the modelled; models are, by definition, reduced representations of the modelled, so they have some areas where they are no longer valid representations.

The only way to save his ass, is to quit the Presidency before January, have the Vice-President, M Pence, take over until January, and grant him a pardon. Incidentally, and I don't know whether it's true or not, but I heard that when he first became President, his wife did not move into the White House with him until they re-negotiated their pre-nup agreement. I give her till February to file for divorce.

I don't think so, Dim. D Trump will be very busy during the next 4 years. Fighting indictments, lawsuits, bankruptcies and trying to cover loans from foreign sources. Maybe he'll go back to doing reality TV. ( in Russia, China, or any country without extradition to the US )

D Trump's options for stealing the election are dwindling as quickly as they count votes in Arizona, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Georgia. Even Republicans are abandoning him; most all of them saved their Congress and Senate positions. That's what happens when ass-kissers support you,. They abandon you as soon as they no longer need you. His only option now is to start a war ( preferably nuclear ). They can't force him to leave if the country is at war. ( I joke, but I wouldn't put it past him )

You can't prove multiple universes using time travel. First, you have to prove time travel. Good luck with that ...

Before asserting any similarity, analogy or correspondence between things like radius and velocity, or direction and Planck's Constant, why not do a simple dimensional analysis ? It will save you some embarrassment.

All J Biden needs now, is for the count to almost finish in Nevada, and he'll be able to claim victory. Even without waiting for Pennsylvania.

I'm afraid you're still not getting the concept of electron spin. The electron is fundamental, so it is not made up of any constituents, nor does it have a radius ( considered a point particle ). You cannot identify a certain constituent and see it move around the electron, nor can you mark a point on its surface and see it spin around, as it has no surface. You may ask, then, how do we know it has 'spin' and what, exactly is meant by the term ? Now for a macroscopic object, like a spinning top, its angular momentum imparts a certain stability to it, such that the spinning top will not fall over in a gravitational field, but will 'wobble' and right itself. IOW, it demonstrates certain properties in that gravitational field. Similarly, an electron, without what we would normally consider spin, but with angular momentum, if placed in a magnetic field, will act like the spinning top in a gravitational field. But since we can't actually decide how it is spinning, we say it has 'intrinsic' angular momentum. Spin directions are then assigned depending on the behaviour demonstrated in that magnetic field. But again, nothing is actually/physically spinning.

Don't count those chickens yet guys; there are still three eggs to hatch. J Biden is currently sitting at 238 electoral votes. he'll get 16 more from Nevada and Wisconsin, as expected. And Michigan has just switched to a Biden lead with 94% of votes tallied. If he takes Michigan's 16 votes, that would put him at 270 with a win. And he wouldn't have to wait a week, for the Pennsylvania votes to be counted. I am rather disappointed with the results so far. Most Americans don't even realize their democracy is at stake. Even if D Trump loses, and we are spared four more years of marching towards a dictatorship, this close result will only embolden more whack-jobs , and Republicans with more money than brains or heart, to run for the office, and possibly win.

And NO2 is not a nitrogen atmosphere. The Hydrogen is still burning with the Oxygen in the NO2. A lot of the transition metals will burn in a nitrogen atmosphere to form nitrides. I remember being very surprised to learn this about Titanium in 1976/7 , when I last took Chemistry ( Gr 13 ).

Not sure that's actually true, but haven't really investigated. Although the wings provide enough downforce for the cars to corner at >>1g. Every year new rules are introduced to keep F1 cars from going too fast, and control of bottom airflow is one way. ( I still remember when the wood plank bottoms were introduced for that reason ) The last race car which actually produced a vacuum underneath, courtesy of 2 rear fans and lexan skirts was the Chaparral 2J. It competed in the Can-Am series for one season, where its ability to produce 1.5 g downforce allowed it to totally dominate in 1970. For that reason it was outlawed in subsequent seasons. Edit Apparently true; looked it up. They can produce 1 g of downforce at speeds as low ass 150 km/hr. And much greater at higher speeds.

OK Moon. Election songs.

Speaking of rallies ... D Trump, J Biden and K Harris have been criss-crossing and stumping in all the swing states, in last minute attempts to lean them in their own favor. M Pence, meanwhile, has been conspicuously invisible in news coverage. There had been a Covid outbreak among his office staff. Has he maybe contracted the virus, and the Trump team is keeping it under wraps so as not to make public perception worse with regard to their handling of the pandemic ?

There is no axis as the electron is considered a 'point' particle. At 3600 it changes sign, so it must go a further 3600 ( 7200 total ) to get back to its original starting point.

We agree that it isn't scientific. Relativity allows for certain effects, but they seem to be un-physical. FTL motion, whether through wormholes, warp drives, or magic, allows for the superluminal transfer of information. ( in my example, reading Earth's history of the last 100 years, before seeing it unfold ) This causality break is un-physical. Pointing out the un-scientific and un-physical effects ( time travel ) of an un-physical initial cause ( FTL travel ) is kind of redundant. If I said that a massive object travelling at the speed of light has infinite energy, would you say that it's impossible for anything to have infinite energy ? Or would you realize that an impossible cause leads to an impossible effect, and it is the travel at c that is impossible ?

What would be the point of discussing national Coronavirus successes and failures, without identifying causes and responsibilities, Dim ? x-posted with Area54

and I could have worded that better, JC, but very well, I'll describe a situation, and then you and md can try and rationalize it. You guys are both aliens on a planet P, 100 LY away, looking at the Earth through a powerful telescope. You see the Earth of 1920 through that telescope. You step through a 'wormhole, where time is local at both ends, and instantly come to Earth. On Earth, you read a History book that outlines the rise of A Hitler, WW2, the rise of Communism, the Korean and Vietnam wars and the election of a game show host to the US Presidency; then you step back through the wormhole and instantaneously go back to planet P. You look through your telescope at the Earth again, and, for the next hundred years, you see the rise of A Hitler, WW2, the rise of Communism, the Korean and Vietnam wars and the election of a game show host to the US Presidency. What are you seeing ?

Most phonograph needles scratch the vinyl as they play. This microscopic vinyl dust is detected by your gas meter, which has a particulate detector, so it should be easy to check. The freshly scratched, sub-surface vinyl might off-gas more than older ,surface vinyl. If you are worried about it, you could always switch to CDs, and use a pre-amp/amp with more aggressive hi/low filtering, giving a more 'rounded' frequency response, for that 'warmer' vinyl sound. Also, as technology improves, we can detect contaminants, not in PpM, but in PpB, or even better. However, just because we can measure it, doesn't necessarily mean it can affect us.