MigL

Given that English is not your first language, some of the ideas I was trying to convey, might have gotten lost in translation. If you would require a 'substrate' or medium, for EM waves, you would need to model some pretty fantastic properties. One property is that, to support the highest speed possible for a disturbance travelling in it, it would need to exhibit extremely high ( near infinite ) stiffness. Stiffer than diamond, or even neutronium. The other property is that it needs to offer very little ( near zero ) resistance to objects travelling through it, or else Michelson-Morley would have detected something. These properties are at odds with each other. And since we have working models that DON'T require a 'substrate' or medium ( very extensively tested ), we choose to keep it simple, and cut away anything unneeded with Occam's razor. The aether 'substrate' or medium, is simply NOT needed

The aether was thought or assumed to be needed, because, up to that point in time, all classical wave motion had involved a medium. The medium is the 'thing' that waves for energy to translate. In the early years of the 20th century, models were created which didn't require a medium, for certain wave motions. Experiments were also done, which established that the then accepted model for the aether could not exist as such. the choices were, then, to keep the aether model, but modify it with such fantastical properties, that it could never be detected ( but you would still have a medium for all your waves ), or discard it completely, as the newly introduced models didn't require it. These newly introduced models have been extensively tested in the last century, and are in very good agreement with experiment. The aether has simply become superfluous; it is not needed. And the two principles ( there could be more ) that allow us to discard it are the KISS Principle and Occam's Razor.

IIRC Kaluza-Klein had no compactified dimensions. Sting or M theory's 10-11 dimensions can have the additional ones compactified as Calabi-Yau manifolds ( or not ).

Whatever you choose, I hope things work out well for you, Raider. All everyone here is telling you, is to keep all options available and don't close any doors. Finishing High School gives you many more options than not. Keep in mind that the yardstick you are using to measure your life's successes is short ( you're what, 17 yrs old ? ). I hope you have no regrets when that yardstick is 50 yrs long. ( unfortunately everyone has regrets; I don't regret not getting married, but I do regret not having kids )

We are in two differing frames of reference... You are looking at your school years as something to get through, to get to where you want to be. I look at them as some of the best years of my life, and they helped shape who I am today. Just something to consider.

This isn't the same advice you've gotten from the others... Stay in school and pursue the social life. Just don't go to extremes or get out of control. I miss my high school and University days. This past summer, we had our 40 year Gr.13 ( last year of high school in those days ) reunion, and it was great seeing all my old friends and catching up. The thing is, you can be approaching 60 ( like me ) and still get an education if you want it badly enough. But when you're approaching 60, you can't be young, no matter how badly you want it. Don't make the mistake of rushing your youth.

Contrary to popular belief, solids and liquids are compressible. Nowhere near the extent that gases can be, but still a measurable amount. A sound ( pressure wave ) is, after all, just a moving localized area of compression.

But that IS the way things already were, Moony. I'm OK with the change, as it does seem more inclusive to those wo don't identify as strictly M or F. But otherwise, nothing much has changed. My only point was that gender information is, sometimes, pertinent to a discussion. ( and you guys are also right, sometimes that information is misused )

Thanks for getting into the spirit of things, CharonY. It would be nice to have these kinds of discussions with people whose opinions I respect. Interested in being a History Expert ( as well as Mod ) ?

I don't think I should go on a rant with anyone. Frankly, I like myself better when I'm dealing with a woman than when dealing with other men. It isn't 'agreement' so much as a different approach. Men dealing with men invariably leads to a pi*sing contest, and no good ever comes of it. Other than Helen of Troy ( not really, just a plug for the History section ), how many wars have women started ?

Very recent history ( 50 yrs or so ) is generally covered by the Politics section. There might be a demarcation between ancient and post-Roman eras due to record ( or lack of ) keeping. But I would be more than happy with just one section. ( and I can drop out of the Historum forums , people are more personable here )

Maybe it's a generational thing, Phi. But I tend to be more respectful when dealing with a woman. I have previously gone off on a ( misguided ) rant about you, Phi. I would never do that with Hyper, but would encourage communication and clarification when in disagreement. I don't know if you've ever worked in an all male environment. I have. Guys tend to act like jerks, and invariably you find yourself drawn into it, and acting/talking totally boorish, unlike your usual self. But as soon as you have one woman in the workplace, all that is gone, and people are generally more respectful of each other. Isn't that one of the problems with forums ? People aren't talking face-to-face, and this 'distance' leads to more disrespectful behavior. The more 'human' you make yourself, and less a disembodied screen of text, the better chance you have of being respectful, and, being treated with respect.

So, if van Moltke had explicitly followed the Shleiffen plan during the German attack on Paris at the onset of WW1, and Germany had taken the Eastern Front in two weeks ( as Expected ). Then concentrated all her efforts on the Russian Front, the outcome would have been vastly different. A rebuke and penalties for the Serbians for the assassination of the Arch-Duke, and the retention by the Germans of Alsace and Lorraine, but not much more. On the other hand the future ramifications would have been vast... Lenin would not have been released to return to Russia, the Bolshevik revolution and the rise of Communism. Italy would have stayed out, or sided with the Germans, so no rise of Fascism and Mussolini. War reparations would not have forced hardships on Germany, so no rise of Nazis and Hitler. France would have not been devastated, as they had lost a war with Germany $0 yrs earlier. Austro-Hungarian Empire and Otoman Empire would have still crumbled ( they were already on their way out ) England would have stayed out and still rival Germany today economically. America would not have emerged on the world stage, and would perhaps, be less reluctant to involve itself intercontinentally. Would have been a vastly different 20th century. OH, I'M SORRY. I THOUGHT THIS WAS THE HISTORY SECTION.

68 ( or 63 ) gender options aside, the vast majority of LGBQT people still identify as M or F. Gender fluidity and differentiation is a recent phenomenon. And again, it was optional to give that information. Don't know if you've visited my profile, but I give as much information about myself as possible. ( I'd post my phone number, but all you guys would be calling, wanting to hang out ) If it was up to me ( it isn't ) I would even include an OPTIONAL field for religion/spirituality. While I myself have no need for religion, I certainly don't want to offend anyone who does, with an ill-chosen or insensitive argument. ( the Jim Jeffries video about God and dead babies, when speaking to someone who is religious after having lost a child, comes to mind )

Gender information was always optional INow. I don't see the rush to remove it either, as it wasn't doing any harm. Sometimes the information adds depth to an opinion. Example... If I'm getting informed on women's reproductive rights, it would be nice to know that it is an opinion brought about by experience. Not what a man 'thinks' they should be. Simply my opinion. Information in itself is never bad; only its wrong use is. ( and that's why we have mods )

For most people, gender does modify their world view. Gender association, sometimes adds extra insight into a person's opinion. You know, " walk a mile in their shoes " ( or high heels ) to understand where they're coming from. This is for opinions mind you, gender has no bearing on facts.

If someone pulls up in an old motorhome, don't sell him anything. He's just looking for equipment to stock his mobile meth lab.

As per your initial question, I'm not sure if global equilibrium is a sensible concept. Globally only parts that are in causal contact can be in equilibrium. And the parts of the universe that are in causal contact are continuously changing. Parts that were in causal contact 1 bill yrs ago, are no longer. You cannot say anything about the temp outside the observable universe.

The point is, the Ukranians are not the aggressors here. The Russians are tearing Ukraine apart ( again ) and absorbing it a piece at a time. Yet you talk about logos and insignias.

That is the most useful description. As to what it actually is ? It is a property of 'things'. And, to the best of our understanding, certain 'things' obtain this property through an interaction with the Higgs field. ( look up the Higgs mechanism )

Most systems tend towards equilibrium. There are many feedback signals which regulate swings away from equilibrium. Global warming makes the environment more favorable for plant based life and less favorable for animal based life. Eventually the Earth will be more heavily covered in plant life, sequestering carbon and freeing oxygen, and have much less animal life producing CO2, and climate will swing back the other way. Unfortunately humanity may not be around to see it.

Their ability to be implemented in 'suburbs' , make them ideal for homeowners. I could envisage having 2-3 of these 100 ft high generators in the back yard. Even if to just supplement solar panels, on windy, overcast days.

Thanks Stringy, my mistake... Glass is not totally opaque to infrared, but depends on the wavelength. Near infrared ( close to long wavelength visible ) easily passes through glass. Far infrared is absorbed and emitted by the glass ( at room temperature ). This is a similar effect to greenhouse gases. Visible and near visible light will pass through, no problem; but when absorbed and re-emitted at the much lower characteristic temperature of the room, will have a harder time escaping back out. IE heat comes in ( unless you add other properties to the glass, such as tint ), but is prevented from escaping. Two panes make little difference to the above, although I have read that much of the absorption is a 'surface' effect, increasing the surfaces to be crossed, would then, increase absorption.

Two panes with a vacuum or gas filler, is a much better insulator than a single pane of much larger thickness. Very little of the visible or near-visible radiation is attenuated, but thermal conduction is greatly reduced. All windows in Canada are dual pane ( outside temp is -5 deg this evening in one of the southernmost parts of Canada ).

Is this thread about the US sticking its nose in other nation's business, Stringy ? Or is it about the US dollar and the effectiveness of sanctions; or the casual way China appropriates other nation's intellectual property, circumvents agreements and has the gall to claim Canada has violated Weng Manzhou's ( Huawei CFO ) human rights by detaining/extraditing her ? Like the Chinese government would know human rights if it bit them on the ass !