MigL

Not to be picky, Strange, but... The Schwartzschild radius ( or size of the EH ) clearly has a 1/c^2 dependence. ( although you could argue that is an inverse, square relation and not a direct relation )

Right. The Electric Company sells us energy with which we are able to perform work. Electrons aren't energy. Potential is.

Yup. Just like the stock market.

There is speculation that when the solar system was being formed, gravitational perturbations from Jupiter injected enough energy into the orbits of the asteroid belt's planetesimals ( is that an accepted word ? ) and debris, to keep them from coalescing into another Mars sized planet.

Or... Can you say what you mean with a little less prose, so that we can understand what you're actually talking about.

Yes the expansion has diminished the apparent TEMPERATURE of the universe. The temperature has decreased by three orders of magnitude as the universe has expanded by three orders of magnitude, and what was a temperature of several thousand degrees, 300 mil yrs after the Big Bang, is now less than 3 deg, the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. Why would you think it would diminish to a multitude of extremely high energy, star like objects, visible only in the early universe ?

The did it to the apes too, in the new Planet of the Apes series of movies, DrP. And those bloody apes don't seem very grateful either in this next movie.

You may have modular walls... But not body parts !!!

University was a long time ago and my recollection of Nuclear Physics perhaps a bit foggy... But weren't there 'islands of stability' at much higher atomic numbers than 82 ?

There are three stages to stellar collapse. When a star of a certain mass collapses, it mostly consists of ionized nuclei, from hydrogen up to iron, plus a bunch of free electrons. These electrons, being fermions, are subject to electron degeneracy pressure ( see the Pauli exclusion principle ). It is this electron degeneracy pressure which keeps the white dwarf star from further collapse. What happens to the star if it has more mass than that certain amount, or if you add mass to it ? Electron degeneracy is no longer able to resist the relentless squeeze of gravity, and the electrons are constrained to a very small volume. According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, when you fix the position of an electron, its momentum can vary wildly, so much so that its speed ( momentum= mass x speed ) can be greater than c , which is obviously unphysical. The electrons get around this problem by merging with protons to make neutrons. Since neutrons are three orders of magnitude heavier than electrons, their speed can be three orders of magnitude less for the same momentum. I.E. the neutrons can be constrained to a smaller volume than electrons without becoming unphysical. As you add more mass, eventually the resisting force becomes neutron degeneracy ( again see the Pauli Exclusion Principle ), with the neutrons arranged in various configurations along the way ( see Imatfaal's previous post ). What happens if you add even more mass ? Eventually neutron degeneracy can no longer restrain gravity, but we currently know of no force or mechanism which will stop the collapse, and the star will shrink to a dimensionless point ( singular ). This is again, unphysical, so no-one actually thinks this happens. We don't have a valid theory which describes the situation, and observations are impossible, since nature throws up an event horizon that prevents us from ever observing what happens after collapse past a certain point. The hope is that a theory of quantum gravity will make the unphysical singularity of GR redundant, and make some predictions which make a little more sense.

What about the fact that you spent 2.5X more for your MacBook air than a comparable Win10 laptop, Kip ? And you're getting better battery life because your MB air uses a reduced speed/power i5 processor; don't compare battery life to a full speed/regular power processor which will last less but perform faster. And wait till you have an issue with the battery and need to replace it, or upgrade the m2 SSD.

Many overlapping fields, according to QFT. These fields are responsible for all the 'excitations' we call particles. Even in the total absence/influence of any particles, the quantized scalar field for vacuum energy is still responsible for virtual particles.

I find it ironic that someone trying to teach us about language, had trouble understanding the clearly defined ( in our rules ) term "speculations'.

So this is where this thread went... Apparently Sensei, if you're moving along a geodesic, minding your own business, and someone puts a world in your way, then YES, some broken bones may result, or even death.

Lots of differing opinions on which way the US should go with regards to health care. My opinion ( interested and somewhat affected Canadian ), pick one, ANY ONE, so that everyone has coverage ( universal ) and run with it. Deal with the problems as they come up. The US, when it sets its mind to it, has always been able to over achieve. This process of introducing something, the scrapping it and introducing something totally different, only to be repeated with the next administration, makes you guys look silly ( and a little sad )

Sometimes I'm proud to be of Italian descent. I imagine the biggest problem is the influx of large numbers of immigrants from North Africa, who may not get their children vaccinated for the usual reasons ( lack of education, access and affordability of medical services, etc ). It is, after all a public health risk, and making vaccinations mandatory is an acceptable solution, just like quarantine is for highly contagious deseases. Or is quarantine also a denial of civil liberties ?

First off, how is that pulsed detonation ? Your diagram shows a typical supersonic ramjet, in which the diffuser is shaped such that the air entering is not slowed down to subsonic speed ( typical ramjet ) but compression is achieved by suitable shocks. As such they are very speed sensitive and optimised for a specific flight regime. The only pulsed detonation engine that I know of ( other than the ones DARPA is working on ) is the engine of the WW2 German V1 ( buzz bomb ), which trapped compressed air before injecting fuel into it, resulting in a series of Bangs which gave it a distinctive sound as it neared. Your engine shows continuous burn, which is not pulse. Or are you just using the latest hi-tech buzz words?

Never thought of it that way. Still leaves wanting 'more' of an answer though.

I agree with all you say Strange and don't see a problem either, but somehow the end results aren't 'satisfying'. I guess it as more to do with the 'why' rather than the 'how', because neither a wave or a particle would act in such a manner. Only a probability distribution/wave would ( not duality but trinity ? ) And I realize no-one gives a damn about my 'satisfaction', but even R Feynman felt that way.

They are but... I can have 100 double slit experiments set up all across the US. Pass exactly one photon through the experiment onto a transparent photographic plate so that I get a single spot. Upon collecting all the plates together the following day, and superimposing them, I get a diffraction pattern. There is no possibility of entanglement of any sort in this situation, so how do the photons 'know' where to land ? That is what I mean by lack of 'satisfactory' answers. Even modified wave/particle models ( remember the deBroglie pilot wave ? ) wouldn't account for such behavior.

As I've communicated in PMs with the OP, and further to Studiot's excellent historical summary, I would suggest that the wave model is neatly represented by Maxwell's equations, while the modern quantum particle model has nothing at all to do with classical corpuscles/particles, but rather photons are excitations of the quantized EM field ( in accordance with quantum field theory ). And while both are excellent models which help us make many valid predictions when applied appropriately, they both still have problems providing satisfactory answers in certain situations like the double slit.

Seems simple enough to me... If you don't like the constraints Apple puts on their tech, buy someone else's tech. I have never liked Apple/Mac products for that simple reason, they are overpriced and lock you in to doing things the 'Apple' way. I don't need pretty or fashionable in my tech, but apparently a lot of people ( sheep ) do, and have made Apple a very rich company.

IIRC, R M Nixon also fired the guy investigating him several months before he left office in shame. Maybe this is the beginning of the end for D Trump also.

If the metastable state wasn't large enough to support geometry, or if the previous geometry, prior to a bounce, came to an end and then restarted in our Big Bang, it would still be a discontinuity, and therefore an 'edge'.

I believe the OP asked ' does space-time have a boundary ?'. Of course it does. What was there 'before' 13.7 bil yrs ago ? There is an edge to the time axis at T=0 !