MigL

Any strikes, no matter how limited, are an act of war. Selling weapons to insurrectionist who wish to overthrow their Government, is not an act of war. ( just 'commerce' )

Got my first colonoscopy about 5 years ago, when I got a new doctor. He sent me to see all his friends, and run all sorts of tests on my heart and internals. I'm just about due for another colonoscopy. I could not wear the heart monitor for the full 4 days; quit after 3 because I needed a shower real bad. And the nurses won't let you leave the Hospital after a colonoscopy until you 'fart'.

Simplest distinction of all. Putting your military on foreign sovereign soil is an invasion and an act of war. And, as you say, requires a Congressional mandate. Covert operations in support of a local group, who may have a beef with their government, require the local group to do the fighting ( and sometimes fail as in Iraq/Syria ), so they don't require Congress' approval.

I like historical discussions with you, and others, CaronY ... I see a clear distinction between sending unrequested troops into a sovereign country, and covert support for a group of their own citizens trying to overthrow their Government where it also benefits the US Government. In that case only Granada in 1983 and Panama in 1989 fit the criteria of direct US military invasion and regime change. The 'Bay of Pigs' Military action of 1961 on Cuba failed, so it doesn't count, and further attempts were made using covert support of groups other than the US military. As for all others, Iran in 1953, Guatemala in 1954, Iraq in 1963, South Vietnam in 1963, and Haiti in 1986, the Americans used the CIA to support groups within the country to destabilize the ruling Government and force regime change. This strategy was also tried in Iraq and Syria, but failed due to lack of adequate support, and the brutality of the regime leaders against their own people ( chemical weapons ). The other two that come to mind are Iraq again in 2003, where the US didn't go it alone, but was part of a 'coalition of the willing', and in Libya in 2011, where a coalition of other countries, with US backing, forced regime change. I would not object to this action in Venezuela had the US gone in with a coalition of democratic countries to arrest an unelected dictator after a conviction from the ICC, but that wouldn't have given D Trump exclusive rights to Venezuela's oil reserves, nor would it have drawn away much attention from all his other problems ( did someone mention the Epstein files ? )

The oil from Venezuela means the US no longer needs Canadian oil. The Canadian economy will tumble and the Western Provinces ( Alberta and Saskatchewan ) will push to separate and join the US. BC will join the 'radical lefties' of Washington, Oregon and California on the West Coast. Quebec will then also separate, but eventually they'll also join the US, and lose all sense of identity, while the Territories will become part of greater Alaska, and even Ontario will eventually capitulate. From there, it's a small step to consider the annexation of Greenland. Welcome to the United States of North America. ( that's the Monroe Doctrine )

If you refer to Noriega and the 1989 invasion of Panama By the US under G H Bush, I would counter that those were different circumstances, as the US had personnel already stationed in Panama ( for the Canal ) and there was an existing warrant for M Noriega related to racketeering and drug charges. That made Panama a 'special operation', not a war/invasion. ( for clarification ask V Putin 😄) What strikes me as evidently greed motivated ( oil revenues ) is the pretense of going after Maduro on drug charges after having pardoned the former Honduran President who was convicted of trafficking 360 tonnes of cocaine

Speaking of Peace Prizes ... I hear FIFA wants the 'Peace' Prize they awarded D Trump back. Sometimes I'm torn between hating the bastard, or feeling sorry for him because he, and his followers, are too stupid to understand how much they're embarrassing themselves.

Nobody has any love for Maduro, but that is not the way the US used to do things. This just legitimizes the "rule of force" preferred by tyrants and dictators. Trump's America is now no better than Putin's Russia in Ukraine, or Xi's China would be if they take Taiwan. This is not how democracies act. And they certainly don't control, and profit, from the natural resources of the decapitated country. As for the drug trafficking, the US is the consumer. Going after one country that supplies will only shift the source to another supplier, unless you control the demand. That is how we control fossil fuel consumption, and for other vices, like prostitution, the 'John' is targeted to reduce demand Why is drug use the only vice where the consumer is the victim and the supplier the bad guy ?

You Brits still have problems with your teeth ? ( I'll be turning 67 and still have 32 teeth, including wisdom, although you'd never know it ) The saying used to be that Brits have bad teeth but the women have big boobs. I hope one of those has changed.

No, the second T is not silent. Sloppy ( or lazy ) pronunciation often omits the second T, and quite often lately, the ORONT , leaving only TO. Probably the result of social media; easier to type just two letters on a phone keyboard. ( TO is just across the lake for me )

The only 'density' that I would consider would be in the case of GR, where you could conceptualize a 4dimensional grid, and where higher Gravity would be manifested by curvature of the grid lines, and closer packing, or higher density, of the grid linesnear gravitating sources. Alternatively, thinking along the lines of Faraday's field lines as applied to Newtonian Gravity, one notes that the 3dimensional density of field lines increases nearing a source of Gravity, but this leads to discounting the large effects of time on Gravity, and only gives (reasonably ) valid results outside the gravitating body ( field lines will still originate at the CoM ). This comes down to a ( non-mathematical ) visualization of Gravity, which can sometimes be useful for understanding the Physics of a situation, if not the Mathematics, so I use it myself, and encourage it. Your examples only deal with one dimension, but, at some point, you need to scale this to 3 or 4 dimensions, so you need to clarify 'density' ( of what exactly ? )

Gravity ( Newtonian ), is a 1/r2 interaction between two centers of mass. IOW, You would feel the same gravitational 'tug' from 1000 tons of feathers as you would from 1000 tons of lead, at a distance of 1000 km. frm their center of mass. The density of the feathers and lead don't warrant consideration at all. Is you are using density in some other non-standard way, you are completely baffling us as to what you mean, and, most likely also confusing yourself. Try explaining in the simplest terms possible, without the pictures and pseudo-technical wording. What does "base with density condensation power as exponentiation along with division" or "uniform density condensation" even mean ???

British milk chocolate ? Never heard anyone say good things about any British foods. Maybe Swiss, Belgian, German or Italian chocolate. Even the Polish chocolate from the Deli next door is great. But what do I know; I only like dark chocolate.

So, if you 'make up' imaginary data, we can't say "No. That's impossible." ?

Just doing my part. ( but I don't like it ) I was told, by a Scottish friend, that Cardhu is made in a distillery where only women work, but Wikipedia doesn't mention it, so I'm questioning that information. Cardhu distillery - Wikipedia

I remember the pronunciation; it's the spelling that gets me every time. Just noticed this ... I would think it would be in a chemical plant that makes Phosphine as well. However one previous plant manager ( who had an extensive scotch collection ) related that at the Solvay plants in Germany the are allowed beer in their lunchrooms.

Is that what's called 'cancel culture' these days ? When someone points out the mistakes in your thinking ? Get over yourself !!! The universe's temperature is slowly decreasing as it expands. At some point, the universe was cool enough for electrons to combine with protons to form Hydrogen atoms, and not get immediately kicked away because the temperature can no longer supply the 13.6 eV ionization energy. As this was happening over a period of time*, the universe's temperature stops decreasing, and plateaus, as each electron capture releases 13.6 eV into the environment. this, as Swansont explained, is why water stays at 100o, while boiling, or 0o, while freezing, until there is no more water. Does your arrogance and persecution complex make you think you can do complex Cosmology when you don't understand simple phase changes. - If it happened all at once, the CMB would be one temperature, and not 'lumpy' to a few parts per million. ( if you want to impress us, try to calculate duration of the recombination era, using the anisotropies of the CMB, and the expansion of the universe at the time )

Don't give him ideas ...

Southern Comfort is not bourbon; try Woodford SR . Scotch whisky is made predominantly from barley, aged in pre-used barrels ( for color and flavor notes ) and has a typically 'earthy' flavor, sometimes to excess like Lagavulin, Laphroaig, or Ardbeg ( I like Cardhu ). But American whiskey can be made from predominantly corn, in the case of bourbon, or rye grasses ( mostly in Canada ), aged in newly charred barrels, for the 'peppery,; golden rye whiskey ( which I dislike as it rots my gut ). Of them all, I prefer a smooth brandy or cognac, as I believe alcoholic drinks should be made from fermented fruits, but there are some good bourbons like Woodford SR ( hard to find now that Ontario has an embargo on American bourbon ), and some good scotches like Cardhu ( girlfriend's father turned me on to it over 30 yrs ago ), and my brother likes the 'peaty' scotches, so I'm acquiring a taste. I've even been known to drink good sipping tequila ( dark anejos like Don Julio or Clase Azul ), and my summertime mixed drink is vodka and soda with lots of lemon garnish. IOW, I don't care how it's spelled. He

It's gonna mess up the flag. Hard to get 51 stars in a square grid array.

As an external observer, I would say quite a bit of arrogance and a large chip on your shoulder ...

Any motor that relies on oil for lubrication has to have an excess of oil to prevent oil starvation and loss of the film preventing metal to metal contact. A typical automotive engine that takes 5 l of oil per refill, will usually have 1 l circulating through the engine, while the other 4 l are in a baffled pan to prevent starvation of the pick-up when maneuvering. Now granted, an air compressor does little maneuvering, but it still has to show some level in the pan, while running, to prevent starvation. If there is none, but returns after shut-down, or on opening a 'bleed', it must be going somewhere. Maybe @Externet can put on a pair of safety glasses, and open the bleed while the compressor is running; if there is pressure ( or vacuum ), it may indicate piston ring blow-by, and the pressure will displace the oil. This is typical for an automotive engine, but a compressor might be more likely to pull a vacuum on the pan.

I would suspect some seals are compromised, resulting in pressure\vacuum moving oil into places it shouldn't go, and when the fill plug is removed to equalize pressures, the oil quickly returns to the oil pan. You may need to disassemble to find the problem.

Respect for the BBC, by the way, for having the integrity to apologize for their editing of D Trump's speeches, but not immediately offering up Millions ( or Billions ) to appease his petulance, as our American news outlets did.

I stand by what I said. But I live in Canada, so what can he do ? Invade us and make us the 51st state ? Oh, wait ...