MigL

I don't disagree with you John, the US Right wing does attract its fair share of wing-nuts ( can you say Donald Trump ? ). But that doesn't absolve others of their share of blame. Maybe as overtone says, the ones who try to prevent bad governments from taking office should be absolved, but in any western election ( even on your side of the pond ) only about half of eligible voters turn out. Of the other half, roughly half vote Republican and the other half vote Democrat. So, in the case of a bad government, only about 1/4 of the eligible voters actually try to prevent a repeat, another quarter vote for 'their' party regardless, and about half are indifferent, don't know or give a damn, or are perfectly happy with the bad government. So when you have a bad government, and it gets re-elected, why don't you explain to me why I shouldn't blame at least 3/4 of the voters ?

Expansion The process whereby separation of non-gravitationally bound structures and objects within the observable universe is increasing. Whether driven by the cosmological constant or "dark' energy, the process is currently ( several billion years ) accelerating.

But I don't dole out EQUAL blame to everybody. I have previously said there is plenty of blame to go around for everybody, even voters who fail to inform themselves. I was 'corrected' on this by John who said that voters are 'misled' by Rightwingers, to which I pointed out that John, being a respected and therefore influential member of our community, is doing a bit of 'misleading' himself by 'implying' that the troughs in GDP occurred during times of Right governance, and there was a correlation, when, in actuality it was a European ( if not global as John has pointed out even Australia was involved ) phenomenon.

Like John says travelling faster will always require more work, and therefore more energy expenditure. There is however a steep rise in drag in the region M=0.98 to 1,2 ( somewhat mitigated by Whitcombe area ruling ), so that most modern jets will need 'afterburning' to pass through this 'barrier', but will happily 'supercruise' on military power alone in the region M=1,4 to 1.8. This is the sweet spot, as drag climbs high again and requires afterburning or re-heat which will burn two if not three times more fuel for a typical supersonic turbofan engine. Incidentally the Concorde used RR Olympus turbojet engines designed in the late 50s asnd required afterburning for any supersonic flight, but was limited to subsonic over land because of sonic boom issues. New research into adaptive cycle engines which can vary the bypass flow according to different flight regimes will increase efficiency/reduce costs still further while aerodynamic research by Boeing, LM and Nortrop-Grumman have reduced the boom problem enough to allow supersonic flight over land. I predict a new supersonic airliner, if not business jet, within the next 20-30 yrs. Incidentally in the 50s, the hayday of aerospace innovation, many alternate fuels were looked at including Hydrogen, by Lockheed's Skunk Works, The most interesting ( but dangerous ) was Borane for hypersonics.

But I was not the one who made it a 'Right vs. Left' issue by stating "Both of those happened under Right wing governments" When clearly the cause lies elsewhere. Rightly or wrongly ( me, I sit on the fence and dole out blame to everybody ) your bias is showing.

Your ramblings are so full of misconceptions about science and current theories that I can't even begin to address them in a post. My advice... Spend a little less time sending these ramblings to eminent scientists and publications ( or posting them on forums ), and a little more educating yourself with some good books. They are available at all levels, from light reading to graduate level/heavy math. That's what you should be doing when you wake up at night with these thoughts and can't sleep. There are many here who can point you in the right direction. From explaining what the Big Bang actually implies to how evolution works. But you cannot get an education from forums.

Well,lets consider lies, propaganda and drawing the wrong conclusions then, John... In your previous post ( #23 ) you gave us a link to the GDP data for the UK, and stated that generally GDP goes up. There are however a couple of clear troughs from 1980-85 and 2007-12. You then state that "Both of those happened under Right wing governments". Now if in that link you provided us, you were to click on another European country, the ones I investigated were France and Italy ( not Germany as they had re-unification issues ), you find the two exact same clear troughs. The conclusion a reasonable person, who informs him/herself, draws from this is totally different from the conclusion you drew. That its a European phenomenon, not a Right or Left, UK only issue. So what were you spreading, lies, propaganda, or were you just drawing the wrong conclusions because you, like most voters, don't inform yourself, and re-elect governments which should not be governing. ( Sorry if I sound very critical, John, I respect your opinion and views highly, I'm just trying to make a point. )

Deuterium Chemically similar to Hydrogen but containing two nucleons. No other source other than Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

And when they get re-elected, whose fault is it ?

You don't need penetration as the water molecules whose bonds get excited at that particular frequency are internal to the food. So the 'penetration' is a result of the microwaves only interacting with the water bonds. Having read more of the previous posts however, I see the impracticality of Mike's method. The very fact that these long waves don't readily interact with atomic and molecular bonds means that capture and conversion to useable frequency/wavelength is also very difficult.

Neutronium Composed entirely of degenerate neutrons. Believed to exist only in gravitationally collapsed neutron stars.

Reflector telescope Using a curved mirror(s) to form the image, as opposed to refracting telescopes, which use lens. Suffers less from chromatic aberration and allows for much larger objectives.

That's it overtone. Spread the 'unconfortableness' all around. Very few countries/governments/voters are above reproach.

Microwaves deposit energy and heat up food by interacting ( resonant frequency ) with the intramolecular bonds of water molecules. And as Mike says there has to be an interaction for this deposition of energy and raising of temperature. What would EM radiation of 1m wavelength interact with ? Or have I come in at the tail end of a discussion, don't have aclue what you guys are talking about, and should shut up and keep my comments to myself ?

Vacuum energy Particles and anti-particles being continuously created and annihilated may supply the energy density for the cosmological constant.

No, I'm asking why the US is always the center of attention. And why you and John criticize what American governments (whether 'left' or 'right' ) have done in the last 50 yrs, when in the same time period British governments have failed even more spectacularly.

I find it laughable that at least two Brits ( John and Dim ) are criticizing American governments of the last 50 yrs and the state of the American middle class. You went from being an almost still relevant "world power" to hanging on to America's coat tails in that period. And how is your middle class doing ? Why don't we analyze what the 'left' and 'right' did to England since the war, instead of always picking on Americans ?

Red-shift The shifting of spectral lines towards longer wavelengths due to recession.

Enterprise One of the space shuttles, and, a famous 23rd century starship on a 5 yr mission.

Eotvos experiment Confirmed that different objects/composition fall at the same speed in a gravitational field.

Accretion disc High speed, high energy matter spiraling into a black hole.

Roche limit The closest two astronomical bodies can get before one is broken up by tidal effects.

Escape Velocity The speed required to defeat the surface gravity of an astronomical object and escape to infinity ( i.e. no fall back )

Einstein-Rosen Bridge A 'tunnel' or wormhole through space with a Black Hole at either end and held open by being threaded with exotic ( negative energy ) matter.

A.U. Astronomical unit, approx. 93,000,000 miles, the distance from Earth to Sun.