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MigL

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Everything posted by MigL

  1. And is your measuring apparatus, rulers, clocks, etc. not also curved ? We use light to determine what is 'straight', yet light curves around massive objects. All we can do is measure the effects; we can't measure the underlying 'reality'. As members are fond of saying around here ... "The model is just the map, while 'reality' is the actual terrain"
  2. The above members have explained things to you in the clearest possible manner, yet you are either unable, or unwilling, to comprehend. The model we have of gravity tells us that gravity's behaviour is exactly the same as if space-time, the co-ordinate system, was curved. It is not a 'description' of reality, but rather, a predictive model. And your incredulity ( or incomprehension ) notwithstanding, it does an excellent job at those predictions.
  3. If we don't agree on the meaning, or even if we are, a 'civilization, how can we establish that we are in the 5-95% of the Gaussian distribution ? Intelligence, or lack thereof, also tends to alter the distribution curve, as our 'evolution' is not solely controlled by environmental forcings, once we have the ability to control our environment ( to an ever increasing degree ).
  4. That seems rather ambiguous/inexact, as there are no other civilizations for comparison. One could argue that we are not fully 'civilized', and may be at the 0.01 % of our civilization lifespan. One could also make the argument that intelligence will have an effect on civilization lifespan, for better or for worse. It may mke our civilization last forever, even expanding to other star systems, or, it may lead to our early demise. You need a definition of 'civilization' and 'intelligence', for comparison purposes; and there are none for comparison to. Statistical analysis with too many unknowns, such as with the Fermi Paradox, usually lead to invalid conclusions.
  5. You still don't get it. No one is questioning the fact that E=hf ( for massless particles ). We are questioning your mechanism for 'losing energy'. It simply cannot happen as you describe And we are saying light loses energy because the 'wave' is elongated as the space being traversed expands. Simply because the interactions you are considering are well understood, and cannot explain the 'red'shift. On the other hand, you can explain a 'red' shift by moving the source away from the observer. ( IOW, expanding the space between source and observer during transit time )
  6. Absolutely not ! You can't measure the energy of light from its own rest frame, because, as yu correctly state it doesn't have a valid rest frame. As measured from any other frame, the measurement will be frame dependent.
  7. The explanation you've given for 'light losing energy' has been shown to be incorrect. It cannot happen as you describe. And, as Genady explained, energy is frame dependent. Instead of starting from the assumption that the universe is static, and then incorrectly applying physics to support that assumption, why not apply known/accepted physics to the actual observations, and see where that leads ?
  8. Powerless ? How so ? They have the power to eat what they choose, just like the rest of us. Or do you mean 'powerless' to dictate to the rest of us what we choose to eat ? What about the stress on the environment those uneaten cows, pigs, chickens and fish would cause ? Should we 'tell' all the other carnivores on the planet that they will help the environment by eating grass and leaves ?
  9. And where would the oxygen and carbon come from without pre-existing stars ?
  10. Merry Christmas.
    Buon Natale.
    Feliz Navidad.
    Joyeux Noel.

    ...and stay safe ...

    1. joigus

      joigus

      Happy Holidays, MigL. May immunity be with you.

    2. StringJunky

      StringJunky

      Merry Xmas to you all too. Don't you worry Mig... they will.

      1394610291_MerryXmas.thumb.jpg.8c676cd235386ef2c038b057bae719e1.jpg

  11. Casimir effect is a local reduction of the vacuum energy ( relative to the global level ) . The Cosmological Constant is a global reduction of the vacuum energy, which is exchanged for the expansion force/acceleration. ( similar to exchange of potential for kinetic in a gravity field )
  12. "Gamma-ray bursts are thought to be highly focused explosions, with most of the explosion energy collimated into a narrow jet.[78][79] The approximate angular width of the jet (that is, the degree of spread of the beam) can be estimated directly by observing the achromatic "jet breaks" in afterglow light curves: a time after which the slowly decaying afterglow begins to fade rapidly as the jet slows and can no longer beam its radiation as effectively.[80][81] Observations suggest significant variation in the jet angle from between 2 and 20 degrees.[82] Because their energy is strongly focused, the gamma rays emitted by most bursts are expected to miss the Earth and never be detected. When a gamma-ray burst is pointed towards Earth, the focusing of its energy along a relatively narrow beam causes the burst to appear much brighter than it would have been were its energy emitted spherically. When this effect is taken into account, typical gamma-ray bursts are observed to have a true energy release of about 1044 J, or about 1/2000 of a Solar mass (M☉) energy equivalent[82] – which is still many times the mass-energy equivalent of the Earth (about 5.5 × 1041 J). This is comparable to the energy released in a bright type Ib/c supernova and within the range of theoretical models. Very bright supernovae have been observed to accompany several of the nearest GRBs.[36] Additional support for focusing of the output of GRBs has come from observations of strong asymmetries in the spectra of nearby type Ic supernova[83] and from radio observations taken long after bursts when their jets are no longer relativistic.[84] Short (time duration) GRBs appear to come from a lower-redshift (i.e. less distant) population and are less luminous than long GRBs.[85] The degree of beaming in short bursts has not been accurately measured, but as a population they are likely less collimated than long GRBs[86] or possibly not collimated at all in some cases.[87]" From Gamma-ray burst - Wikipedia
  13. Sure
  14. My favorite were the 'Heisenberg compensators' of the transporters, that allowed for the exact reconstruction of a 'beamed' person without the effects of the HUP.
  15. There are two ways ( at least ) to look at it. One is as an uncertainty in the energy, where the wave function might 'briefly' have enough energy to surmount the potential barrier, to get to the other side in that 'brief' instant. The other, is that the extent , or position of the wave function allows for some finite probability of a part of it to be on the other side of the potential barrier, if the barrier is not very extensive. This latter is a re-interpretation of exchemist's previous post.
  16. There is another thread ( oddly, by the same name ) where I voice my objections to your preference 🙂 .
  17. I thought you were going to ask about the incident where Suarez bit Chellini ( Italian defender ). Suarez may be a good player , but he lacks ethics and sportsmanship.
  18. All observed Gamma ray bursts are directional in nature. That is because they are caused by the influx of rotating ionized material as supernovae clollapse into Black Holes or neutron stars. The polar jets are produced perpendicular to the plane of accretion. Other classes of Gamma ray bursts are produced from mergers of neutron stars, and are similarly directional, because of orbital motion. The Gamma ray burst from the end-of-life explosion/evaporation of a microscopic Black Hole would not be directional, as there is no rotating infalling ionized material to produce polar radiation. It would most likely be an omni-directional burst, and as far as I know, none of the sort have been observed.
  19. The problem is that Black Holes have entropy, and therefore a characteristic temperature and associated black body radiation, also known as Hawking radiation. Most Black Holes are greater than stellar size, and very cool. much less than the CMB radiation, but as they get smaller ( or start out much smaller, even microscopic ), their temperature increases dramatically, and the radiation emitted is more energetic. Eventually, when small enough, they don't have the mass to support an event horizon, and essentially de-collapse in a large explosion of highly energetic radiation. This Gamma ray burst would be the tell-tale of a microscopic Black Hole's final evaporation. If we know the size of a Black Hole, even primordial ones, we can compare to the CMB as it cooled, and we can estimate how long it would take for microscopic Black Holes to evaporate, and it turns out that primordial microscopic Black Holes would have evaporated by now. IOW, as we look out into the universe, and back in time, we should be seeing the tell-tale Gamma ray bursts that are the last gasps of these primordia; black holes that formed in the high energy densities shortly after the Big Bang. None have ever been recorded.
  20. If someone shuld choose not to get vaccinated because they don't trust the fools who run the Government, what protection does everyone else have, when that unprotected person goes grocery shopping ? Or to work ? Or any other part of normal life ?
  21. But aren't we assuming that length contraction is not just an illusion? In that case, when you and I say "see it in a different position" doesn't this really mean, "is in a different position"? Whether the contraction is real or not, does not really matter. For an observer in the object's rest frame, there is no contraction. For observers in any other frame there could be contraction. What makes contraction 'real' to those other observers is the fact that Relativity deals with the speed of light, which is also the speed of information. Any information you observe from a relativistic contracted object supports that contraction. That means any forces/interactions, or other effects will also manifest as if the object is contracted. IOW, for that observer, who sees relativistic contraction ( or time dilation ) the object is effectively contracted. Again, this is why frames matter. Until you wrap your head around the fact that different frames give differing observations, and all are equally valid ( no preferred frame ), you don't understand Relativity. From now on, when you mention an observational effect ( like your Muon example ), I expect you to specify which frame this effect is being observed from.
  22. If you place your finger about a foot away from your face, and you look at it with one eye closed, you see it in a certain position relative to the background. If you then close the open eye, and open the other one, you see your finger in a different position relative to the background. Do you think your finger moved ??? Is it in two places at once ??? Is that a superposition of ststes ??? Or is it simply your viewpoint that has changed ?
  23. I thought you said you understood relativity ... Something cannot be relative to itself. The particle has different positions ( and times ) relative to different observers. Each observer, in a different frame, sees the particle in a different position ( and at a diferent time ). That is why frames of reference are so important.
  24. We can't turn them away from hospitals when theyeventually contract Covid, but we can certainly 'punish' them in ways that makes it inconvenient to not get vaccinated. A lot of viral diseases have been eradicated by forcible childhood immunization; you had to get vaccinated to attend elementary school. Did you forget that ? If you are willing to wear an ankle bracelet, stay in your home, and not come in contact with anyone, then by all means, don't get vaccinated. But if you intend to go to movies, restaurants, or even grocery shopping, where you might come into contact with people who have upheld their part of the social contract, then you'd better follow suit. And that goes for your family, and others, who may be exposed to you.
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