budullewraagh

good call, blike reducing agents oxidize easily and reduce things. adding magnesium metal to, say copper sulfate yields magnesium sulfate and copper metal. also, magnesium makes for some high quality flash powders:) highly pyrophoric

i could imagine it is just informative. i've been looking around for those for quite awhile, as magnesium is quite a good reducing agent.

the activation energy for black powder i am not sure of. you know, i still don't understand why people are so enthralled with black powder; nitroglycerin is much more fun to produce (although much harder) and is such a better explosive. if you want a fine powder, take a hammer to your nitrate, but be careful as to not make sparks fly and don't hit it too hard.

yeah but they're so...controlled

uh oh. i guess i had a close call a few years ago before i had much chem knowledge. thank my lucky stars.

gee, thanks FMnO4, FO-, FNO3, etc. ok then, if they say it. apparently the NO3- group loses its electron to the fluorine. that's some pretty crazy stuff.

dude, you're being rediculous. what you said is meaningless. we said that moore did not say that the bin ladens left on the 11th of september in 2001. stating that the bin ladens left on the 14th doesn't support your statement that moore misled people in his film.

pulkit, transition elements have excited electrons and thus lose an electron (or more) in their outermost D orbitals. yes, that means there are unpaired electrons. example of a transition metal: 4D^9 5S^1

oh of course these ions arent all stable. however, there are oxidized fluorine ions that exist. permanganate and nitrate anions for example are more active nonmetals than fluorine.

that's because it's HClO4. perchlorates tend to be more stable than chlorates. LiClO4 is quite stable actually. actually, i'll have to prove you wrong here with my handy elements book. Ionization energies/kJ mol^-1 F -> F+ 1681 F+ -> F+2 3374 F+2 -> F+3 6050 F+3 -> F+4 8408 F+4 -> F+5 11023 F+5 -> F+6 15164 F+6 -> F+7 17867 F+7 -> F+8 92036 F+8 -> F+9 106432 the book has ionization energies for everything to get to +10. yes, that means they show how much energy it takes to get neon to become a +10 ion and thus devoid of electrons.

i can't agree with that. ever heard of perchlorates? perbromates?

it can be +7. surely you don't find that to be -7...

F+ exists tho. think of it; FNO3 is a rocket fuel and an insane oxidizer. FMnO4 exists. there is always a way; i have a chart of ionization energies that shows what how much energy is required to take electrons off of 1/10 of a mole of EVERY atom. for each it shows to +10 charges. yes, folks, that means neon lost all its electrons. you see? it's possible. there are some insane oxidizers that could probably do it, but i cant think of any.

har har. still trying to figure it out using a nonelectrochem process

that's depressing. i can make permanganic acid easily and permanganates are the strongest oxidizing agents one can obtain. hydrofluoric acid is more dangerous especially because of its fluorine ions. important fact for all chemists to know: anything involving fluorine is scary like crazy. even fluoride salts. the - ion has the disturbing ability to steal the cation's electron and run off making coordinate covalent bonds (ex HF:SbF5 where the F from HF takes the H's electron and migrates towards the SbF5 and makes a coordinate covalent bond making SbF6-). any oxidized fluorine will serve as the oxidizing agent from hell. i could imagine that FMnO7 is the sign of the apocalypse. anyway, in the body, fluorine attacks anything involving alkali and alkaline earth metals. your heart stops. and thus you die. also, when HF attacks glass, it produces SiF4 and H2O. funny how that works.

ay, the transition metals do this more than any other type; they have electron(s) jump to outer orbitals (which are of higher energy). when they come back they release energy in the form of light. with the light comes color.

what's the best way to oxidize fluorine? permanganates?

i'm not getting that because he didn't say it. when did i say i hadn't seen it? i saw it 5 days after it was released.

the whole "8" thing means that every atom wants a full valence S and 3 full valence P orbitals filled. that's 4 holding 2 each=8. each pel that contains and S has only 1 S. each pel that contains a P has up to 3 P. 5 D and 7 F maximum. did i answer your question?

no i don't because it is the truth. moore did not say the bin ladens left on 9/11. he said they left before the airports were opened. and yet you look to get the last word. they felt deceived.

i take it you are mentioning a church-related matter. the definition of marriage in a church is possible to be different from the legal definition of marriage. we need equal rights and a state that does not make any of its decisions based on religious beliefs. look at heterosexual couples. look at BRITNEY SPEARS. seriously. again, the legal definition of marraige is different from the religious definitions. homosexual marraiges don't threaten the validity of your marraige. if you do not find your marraige to be significant enough to show your love, find another way. do not descriminate.

another excellent point

"barge in on"? how are they "barging in on" anything by asking for their constitutional rights?

there arent enough polygamists fighting for their rights. i explained more than that. it's their constitutional right. they want their constitutional right to marry. who defined it as that? again, constitutional right. the aclu is crying

if you want effective electrolysis i would strongly suggest a car battery and copper conductors. beware- you will find that the molten metals fly out in little balls. if you don't use something too powerful, however, the metal will appear and mix with your molten salt. if it's an alkali metal, it will most definately oxidize before you can even notice it exists.