budullewraagh

nothing. lithium is the most active metal with the most negative reduction potential

i'll make an attempt, but truth be told, i have never tried this and know little of catenanes and such. first, you could add a carbene halide to form the cyclic ring. also you could halogenate the ends of your hydrocarbons and react with Na, Mg, or Zn, etc, forming a cyclic ring. of course, you have to interlink the two rings, which is the hard part. you should play around with polarity; add a nucleophile to the center of one ring, form a carbonium cation with the other, cleave the link you make between the two, create dipole attractions with the ends of one of the rings.

i would think that the NaOH would attack the glycosidic linkage. the Na+ migrates toward the free RO- radical forming the salt with glucose, and the OH- migrates toward the C+ radical, recreating the monosaccharide, more likely fructose beacuse of the more negative hemiacetyl group in glucose.

well, when things freeze, bonds are formed as a lattice structure is achieved. you cant remove all the energy in something; absolute zero is impossible to achieve

i dont think i'd paint my testicles with anything. btw, NEVER ELECTROLYZE (or thermite) RADIUM SALTS. it really isnt a good idea. a few atoms in your lungs will give you a whole lot of problems.

isotope is basically synonomous with atom... you can have different isotopes of a certain atom, based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus. the existence of various isotopes of atoms is based on radioactivity in general.

"oh ok, i see - thats where the acidity comes from" well the NH3 has basicity. the acidity is more from the NO3- "Are all coordinate covalent bonds endothermic when they are broken?" well, the breaking of any bond is endothermic. bond formation is exothermic. delta h depends on both the energy absorbed by breaking a bond and the energy released by forming another bond

it's boyle's law youre looking for: PV=k

way to taste random chemicals that's curious; you say that (NaOH+sucrose)+(NaOH+sucrose)-->thick syrupy liquid? or are you saying that NaOH+sucrose-->thick syrupy liquid?

thanks, blike, that was really helpful. from what ive read, orgo I appears to be all about various classes of organic molecules; their physical and chemical properties, as well as the reactions that synthesize them/the reactions they can undergo and specifically how these reactions work (intermediates, resonance structures, etc). sounds like a bunch of fun. do you have any suggestions as to what i should read or things i should look into specifically, aside from the aforementioned topics?

you get NH3 and NO3- as well as H3O+

it's all above. what dont you understand?

it's the one bonded to the oxygen in the carboxyl group

well you have to consider the energies. i think ammonium salts tend to have their endothermic properties because of the breaking of the H+ off the NH4+

a thermite would work. electrolysis would work if you converted it to a halide for example.

a number of things catalyze the decomposition of h2o2. plus energy doesnt hurt at all. peroxides are very unstable and readily decompose.

ammonium nitrate is actually slightly acidic in water. remember the rule; breaking bonds absorbs energy while forming bonds releases energy. so, the energy holding NH4+ and NO3- together is greater than the combined energies holding NH4+ and OH- and H+ and NO3-. except wait, it's not NH4+ and OH-; you lose an H+ and get NH3(aq) and H2O, so: energy of: (NH4+ + NO3-)+(NH3 + H+) > (H+ + OH-)+(H+ + NO3-)

i havent started classes yet; they wont begin until the 27th of june. i have started studying, with quite a bunch of success. do you think i'll need to know all the steps of every reaction with intermediates, etc?

btw, if you intend to oxidize it to the acid and use geranyl pyrophosphate with it, yore going to need a number of enzymes. youll get really poor yields even if you have the plant at your disposal

...yes... i could give you a number of synths. what precursors do you have at your disposal? edit: sorry, i cant post this here, as olivetol IS a precursor to THC and i'd rather not get in trouble with admin

well, it's all the same. i think it just makes nomenclature more definite and specific sounding

yeah, the h2o2 is very sensitive and decomposes, yielding H2O and O2. what copper sulfate did you use? cupric or cupros? was it hydrated?

yes, it is possible. anything that sublimes can still be a liquid, you just need to know where the triple point is and stay towards the liquid side of it. you need proper pressure and temperature.

the alpha source+bismuth problem is significantly worse. astatine is incredibly radioactive. the neutrons from the aluminum arent good at all, but astatine is really a terror to deal with

i've seen ammonium chloride and the octahydrate of barium hydroxide do this. basically, the barium hydroxide is very hydrated and it loses its water when shaken with the ammonium chloride, causing the dissolving of ammonium chloride and creating a suspension of barium hydroxide. this is an overall endothermic process. think of precipitating reactions; thats a good way to get solids from liquids.