pioneer
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Static electricity can form on one's clothes depending on the fabrics and the shoes one is wearing. It also depends on the relative humidity in the air with dry air more condusive. I remember as a child going to a department store. My brother and I used to rub our feet on the carpets and chase each other giving each other shocks. It only worked with leather soles. Some fabrics in the dryer will give off static electricity. Take them out of the dryer in the dark so you can see the amount of voltage. The women in that article may have had a wiggly walk that caused the different fabrics she wore to rub together building up a static charge. If you pass a plastic comb through human hair this can build up charge. One rub a balloon with your hair and stick it to the ceiling. The funny image that comes to mind is corderoy. If the legs rub when you walk, it makes a funny swishy-queakie noise. After powering up, one goes to someone and touch them on the ear for some electrical fun.
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The females pass on the mitochondria, which are the power supplies of the cell. Women may have genetic advantages for disease, but they are still more likely to go the doctor. That is sort of a paradox. This may be due to women being more vulnerable to the sweet talking saleman. Women live longer than men, because they are married to men. While men don't live as long as women, because they are married to women. Historically, in a stereo-typical way, the male form of abuse was physical. While the female form of abuse was more emotional and psychological, such as nagging, witching and complaining. The opposite also occurs, but typically, the first correlation was dominant. The abuse of the male by the female has a medical term to support it, i.e., PMS. The male had PMSN (pretty mean spouse neutralizer), but it didn't recieved medical approval. This form of treatment is still practiced by some of the bikers. Both PMS and PMSN were both used way more than prescribed. The overuse of PMSN was easier to spot, since it often left cuts and bruises. PMS does not leave any outward scares, so it is assumed harmless. But if one did a poll, and asked whether males would like to keep recieving their PMS treatment or cause it to go extinct, this form of treatment could end up in a medical museum. This medically endorsed spousal treatment may be part of the reason, males lose many years of life. Many males are locked into these abusive situations each month. They are taught to be strong and take it and resist the urge to fight back. But the pretty mean spouse hold the keys to his happiness and his bankruptcy, so he is stuck and has to endure. Through years a abuse, many males build up a wall around them for a shield, where they can only mumble, yes dear, you are rght dear. They love their wife and remember the good times. Each time, they pray she will come out it and return. But they are ashamed to go for help. I am just playing; who afraid of the big bad wolf.
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Jung was Freud's star pupil, but they had a parting of the ways. Jung sort of added a little more detail to the Freudian model. In Freud, the ego is between the ID and the superego. Between the ID and ego, Jung added the shadow. Between the ego and the superego, Jung added the personna. His final result goes ID, shadow, ego, personnna, superego. The model, shadow, ego, personna, sort of assumed a person neither ruled by primal impulse or collective pressures. That is not quite realistic. The ID and superego play a role in defining the shadow and the mask of the ego. The ID is more natural and may be part of our genetics connected to instincts, i.e., fear, desire, hunger, etc. The shadow is more personal but has some elements from the ID. For example, an addiction is not primal but may a modification of desire, but was brought about by the ego. The shadow is sort of a blend of instincts, repressions and sublimations. On the other side, the superego, is the cultural voice for both objective and subjective knowledge and behavior. Based on that, people put on their mask, sort of like a work hat, to ihelp dentify who they are. That too is by choice of the ego, working within the setting of the superego. The personna of influential people help define the superego. Say a celebrity wears his shirt backwards, the prestige of that position, can cause others to follow this personna. When the tough street thug, with his mask of attitude, language and posture, goes home to see his mom, she pulls off that mask and he become a kid; "Oh Mom!". In this environment, the mom is sort of micro-version of the superego. He may require a new mask out of respect. He may have to hide the shadow of violence he is known for in the streets. In the streets, he may have to hide the shadow of tenderness for his mother. The shadow sounds sinister. But this name was used so it could be viewed like the shadow that follows one when they walk around on a sunny day. Our shadow follows us constantly, sort of being a compensation. When the sun or the light of day is directly overhead, i.e., objectivity, the shadow is small. We the sun is lower,, i.e., objectivity and subjectivy, the shadow gets longer, as the subjectivity fuzzes out the objectivity. The shadow goes away, when the sun sets. If one loses all objectivity, i.e., light of day, there is no shadow. The shadow and mask take some level of objective focus, even if both are subjective. In other words, even an actor playing a fictitious character, requires objective skills. If they lose all objectivity and continue to play the character; funny farm time. Where the shadow ends is where the ID begins. The ID is not rational. The rising moon, of the collective unconscious, creates it own light that casts a shadow for the ID. This is a little different, in that the ID is dark and its shadow is light. This is not phyicially possible, but it describes it. For example, a compulsive male's ID can create primal lust that is very generic. It might focus on anything with a skirt. The light of the collective unconscious, can cause him to fall in love and focus on one person. This would be the shadow of the ID, which creates a conflict between roaming and settling. The mask of the ID is connected its shadow of light. This mask creates the mask output for the love game. Falling in love is a collective human drama easily spotted, due to being very generic. The ego has its own mask and shadow that are more under its control. The guy in question may walk around letting everyone see he is a lady's man. This could be due to a shadow that follows him, due to say a fear of intimacy. The shadow of the ID and its love mask may also play at the same time. He finds himself participating in the rituals of falling love. The two masks and the two shadows are pulling him to and fro. The superego may also kick in, with its saying he can not marry this person. If he does, his mask will be tarnished within the realm of that superego. But the inner self may see the value in this union. The inners elf is the superego of the collective unconscious, so it may not allow him to rationalize, yet.
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Report Urges U.S. to Pursue Space-Based Solar Power
pioneer replied to TZH's topic in Astronomy and Cosmology
The fact of life is, military necessity or desire has been a major force behind many major advances in science. This is true all through history. The iron age may have been due to the need for a better sword. This new technology then trickled down, to make better knives for the butcher. The military have the budget and preceived need to push the frontiers at accelerated rates. What this often means, they are more results orientated and do not always need to satisfy the leisurely pace of science ediquette. This allows them to brainstorm and get ahead of normal scedules. A good analogy is comparing the Mahattan project with controlled fusion. The job got done quicker, due to the resources and the lower level of scientific and political accountablity offered by the clandestine R&D. But once they get the technology, it filtered into the private sector. In the process of making the new and improved solar powered tank melter, they will learn how to harnass and focus a solar energy beam. Some day this technology will allow daughter satalites to beam electricity to thousands of homes, independantly. Sort of like the solar GPS-cell phone transmission for electricity. One could set up a post in the middle of no-where and have power. This changes the nature of settlements. One could have a solar vehicle that can run for months without any fuel. The prototype tank melter is sort of useful, since this is a good way to practice until all the bugs are worked out. Destruction is a good precusor since it makes a bad experiment look good. In other words, if we mixed chem A and B, the ideal is a controlled reaction. If it blows up, it would normally be a failure, unless blowing up things is what you like to do. A practice tank fry is sort of fun in its own way, and spurs on advancements. Next, they will learn to melt a machine gun, then a cigarette lighter. By then it is safe enough to start beaming solar energy to houses in the burbs or to cars in the streets. If the private sector tried to do this, it can get stalled in court and will never happen. Top secret is top secret, so the children and adults can play with their toys without someone trying to snatch them away out of fear. Ironically, some of these toys are scarey, but only until something better comes along. The ancient catapult must have been a frightening site. But today children and adults would walk towards it to see the retro-tech. The GPS satallites raised ethical issues, now many would be "lost" without it. -
This discussion is presented for the active scientific imagination. Back in the 1950's before particles accelerators changed the focus of physics, this type of thinking was more in line with the theory of the times. There were fewer variable to consider making it seem more possible. Here is the scenario, say we found some type of futuristic technology that could generate the four forces of nature, to any level, and could allow whatever input or output energy needed. What type of basic conditions would be required to make new atoms like bi-centenium with 200 protons? With this technology, one is not limited to all the natural limits of nature. For example, a dog may only be able to run 35MPH. But if we have a machine that is a rubber band sling shot, we can get him up to 60MPH. We sort of have exceeded the natural limit of the dog with our technology. For one thing, to remain stable we will need to get rid of energy. If we have too much energy around, this will keep breaking bi-centenium. We need the energy for the endothermic nuke bonding, but after that, it is sort of counter productive. Gravitational pressure could be handy, since we can contain particles that try to escape. The nuke force and the proton repulsion could be a big concern. If we could convert the EM force into nuke force, this would help. An electron enterring the nucleus sort of does this, but would form bi-centenium eve. Maybe we need to approach this from another angle. Why not start with neutron density? All we now need to do is get half the electrons back. Again, we have a machine from the future to generate what we need. If there were no practical limitations, how could it be done?
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Here is a novel strategy for making more advanced life forms. This idea might be able to make use of the technology and techniques used in this discussion. If one tries to project into the future of the living state, images of things like triple helixes often appear. But this is not really energetically favorable since it would leave one of the strands of DNA without good H-bonds. Another theoretical strategy, that keeps the DNA double helix, is to create a new base pair, so there are six bases and three pairs within the DNA double helix. What this does is radically increase the number of possible proteins that can be made with the mRNA. Even if three bases per amino acid is maintained, the number of possible amino acids opens wide. Life may not need that many, such that there may be a bump up, so four bases will be used for each amino acid. This still offering more choices, but with more reliability, causing the number of defects to decrease. There are certain proteins that the cell uses other proteins to make. These proteins might be made more directly, so more energy can be used for other things. The cell may also generate a lot of junk that needs to be transported out the cell. This junk may be gold for another cell, allowing it to fill in the gaps between the junk it is generating, until useful appears. It is sort of sci-fi but within the realm of futuristic possibilities.
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Life can stored energy. One only has to consider trees and wood. The basic reaction, without an enzymatic analysis, is the movement of hydrogen between reduced states such as C-H and N-H and the oxidized state of hydrogen implicit of water. In water, the hydrogen potential is higher since the highly electronegative oxygen causes the hydrogen to become slightly positive. The result is the need to form hydrogen bonds to lower the potential. In the reduced state, hydrogen's association with the lower electronegative C offers a better environment for electron density. The nitrogen is in the middle offering both some reduction and some oxidation. In other words, NH3 or ammonia will form hydrogen bonds but can also be burned in O2. The C-H burns in O2 but can't technically form hydrogen bonding. The N-H burns in oxygen but can form hydrogen bonds. While the O-H can't burn in oxygen but can only form hydrogen bonds. The cell stores energy when it makes more C-H and N-H but burns energy making O-H. One can also add C-C and C-N as some other ways the cell can store enegy, since these can also burn in oxygen. The final state of the hydrogen, after all this burning is within water, making the hydrogen electrophilic. This also stores energy but sort in an oxidized state instead of a reduced state. This give a little extra umph to the oxygen keeping the cell net burning. It then uses some of this energy to build the molecules of life, which can be burnt in necessary.
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There are different definitions of the word ego. The best one is by Carl Jung. He defines the ego as the center of the conscious mind. On top of the ego, Jung placed the personna or the mask of the ego. The ego is who we are within our own heads with all our secrets, strengths, weakness and successes, memories and experiences. The personna or mask is what we show others. One may take off the mask with their family, but put on the mask with strangers. Below the ego, connecting the ego to the personal unconscious mind, Jung used the term shadow. The shadow of the ego is sort of the bundle of unconscious motivations, that are often semi-conscious to the ego. The shadow projects into the world and can flavor how we see things. The ego can sense the shadow and can can prevent it from reaching the mask, so others can't see the shadow poke through. The poker face, freezes the mask, to hide the excitement of four aces. Someone who is not a good gambler may become filled with excitement that permeate their mask. Besides preventing the shadow from being seen with a poker face, a mask can also be used to hide the shadow, but setting a personna different than the shadow should be outputing. One can be very sad, but put on a happy face, to not let it show. The ego feels the shadow, but prevents it from reaching the mask by forcing a smile. A good con artist can prevent you from seeing his shadowy scam. Inside the ego is laughing at the sheep ready to be plucked. But outside one sees the mask of a likeable person who seems nice enough to trust. With that background, the difference between the two extremes of aetheist and religious is not the ego, but the nature of the shadow and the mask one wears. The religious person is more likely to not use a poker face or create a mask that differs from the output of the shadow. With religious people they will show the love, self righteous, etc. The aetheist is better fortifided by a mask. They may feel the same things, but know how to keep their chips closer to the table. That makes aetheist less vulnerable to religious wolves (shadow) dressed in sheeps clothing (mask). The religious can be more vulnerable to religious con men. Religious people assume face value, what is on the surface, is what is welling up from inside. But a good con, can put on that mask, and suppress the schemes he has in his dark shadow. From an objective point of view, since the mask is not exactly who the person is, but rather who they wish others think they are, it sort of creates a potential between objective and subjective reality. Although it may provide a type of advantage, it is not in touch with inner reality. This is what gives the potential to the shadow. The mask is not objective and is very similar to subjective data. One is generating this data, but also absorbing it at the same time. When one adds subjective data to an objectice experiment, the results lose touch with objectivity. The shadow is a compensation to get rid of subjectivity. But awareness of this subjectivity, may require the mask, again. It is part of the human loop, that allows culture to live reality using a subjective fantasy. The religious by trying to get rid of the mask, will lower the potential of the shadow. What this does is cause a deeper layer of the psyche to appear, which exists below the shadow, which is more collective. The shadow is sort of the liason to the collective unconscious, with the first envoy of the collective psyche connected to the the primal instincts. That is why the religious can often be over senstive to basic vices. What should be a shadow-mask event, and easy to control, is something a little deeper and more raw/primal. If you look at a religious zealot, such a terrorist, that is not simple mask-shadow. The mask that appears is generated by this deeper layer. They may feel this is from god because it is stronger than will, with its rage and aggression a natural expression from the inside. It is not something one just creates with will. It is raw. With the mask in place, one usually will not reach these layers. So there is no need for a system like religion to help one learn to deal with it. That is why aethests can see no rational reason for any of this. But people who lose the mask and have to deal with the primal layer need this system. What many systems offer is a way to get beyond it, to even deeper layers. These are lot easier to live with and are projected into nicer symbolism of many religions. The born again is often someone living like an primal animal in the gutters. But when they break through better layers appear. If one is afraid to give up the mask, this is a litmus test they might not be able to get beyond the layer below the shadow. It is a safety feature.
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One problem with politically correct wording, is that very few words have only one meaning. One word with many meanings, is treated like all meaning are the same, such that even if the intended meaning is harmless, the very word makes even that meaning wrong and subject to censor. If I called a friend "whitey", that could be politically incorrect and I may get censored. So now I have to call my friend, Clarence, instead of by his knick name. He won't like it, but the PC crowd will be happy. There are many sub-cultures that like to use the f-word. To them, it is just a versatile word that has endless shades of meaning. They may be willing to trim a few shades of meaning, not to be offensive. But they would like to be able to use this word for non-offensive meanings. As an example of a compromise, "The dude went to the party and got all f-ed up. Then he drove home and f-ed up his car, when the f-en dog ran in front of him. When he got home, he thought he was f-ed. But is girlfriend was f-en cool about it. She made him the best f-en meal even, and then they made love. This is a PC compromise that only targets the meaning that many people may find offensive. Rest is there just for emphasis. But what happens, by lumping all meanings of the word, this causes some people to visualize sex every time the work is used in a sentence. To them, if we translate the above account, it comes out differently. "He went to the party and had sex standing up, then he did it in the car with a dog. When he got home he thought he would have sex with his girlfriend, but she was cold, so she made him eat first, then they made love. So people begin to cringe since the story just got too bizzare to handle. To protect these people from their active imaginations, the word is censored.
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Shellfish turn CO2 into the CaCO3 when they form their shells. So if you can find a species of shell fish that likes to eat the CO2 absorbing algae, then a symbiosis might develop. As the shellfish out-grow their shells, these fall to the bottom and provide low cost housing for sea creatures. The fish then come in and break up some of the shells to get at the little critters. Coral also fixes CO2, to make all those various types of coral. The fish sort of help provide raw materials by chewing up the shell houses. So we end up with a huge coral reef littered with little animal shell houses.
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One simple experiment can show how important environment was to evolution. One can set up three environments (bowls) one for a fresh water fish, another for brackish water fish and another for a salt water fish. Then you switch the environments to show how their selective advantages don't give them the same level of advantage in another environment. One could put a Panda Bear in a grassy field, but that would mean. Most evolutionary theory uses one common environment. Under the same environmental conditions, selective advantage will result. But this scenario doesn't show how these changes are set by that environment. The brackish water fish, will have the best shot of surviving all three eco-systems. It has the most selective advantage in three environments. The salt or fresh water fish could have a more advanced skills, but only in a single environment. As long as that environment holds firm, they are fine. What this experiment suggests, some evolutionary changes may not have had selective advantage in one environment. But if the animal migrated to a new environment, they could actually find an environment that gives them a new selective advantage. The brackish water fish may get his butt whipped in the ocean or rivers, by the more aggressive fish. But in the brackish water, he is king of the hill.
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This idea came to me this morning. I haven't had too much time to let it sink, so take it will a grain of salt, but use it as seed for the imagination. If you look at the DNA double helix, it is composed to two sets of base pairs. So essentially, the genetic code along the double helix is a type of binary coding, where the dot is one base pair and the dash the other. The nuclei acids or bases within the DNA are resonance structures. What that means are the electrons are delocalized so they share with the entire ring structure. The easiest example to see is benzene. It has six CH, that form a ring structure. At any one time, there are three double bonds and three single bonds, but these switch back and forth, C1=C2 becomes C1-C2, then back to C1=C2, (C1 equals carbon #1) etc. So if if look at the resonance in the bases of DNA, these also exhibit a switching back and forth with the result the resonance structure we draw. But these are more complicated than benzene in that there are double rings and side groups, such that they can have more that two states. Next, we have the hydrogen bonding hydrogen and the electrons they share. So depending on which state the resonance is in, the H and the electrons shared by the H, are being pulled to and fro. This creates a theoretical possibility. The two bases that are hydrogen bonding, do not have to be in resonance synche, although this would minimize energy. If their resonance structures were out of phase, then the H-bond is no longer at minimum energy. It is still the same base pair, but the resonance phase difference will give a different note. One possible application is DNA double helix that is trying to separate but is prevented because of the steric hindrance created by the helix. The hydrogen bonding is stuck, but under different circumstance it would separate. This higher energy level could translate to a resonance phase shift. Now the base pair and resonance is saying, "unpack me, get me out of this helix". The unpacking enzymes here the cry and move it to help. I am not sure of the number of possible resonance combinations that the same H-bonds can see, but between each of the two base combinations. But there should be enough sounds to tell to which degree it is packed, or whether is needs to separate or not. It is an interesting angle to ponder. Theoretically one would have a binary code that also has various pitches.
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Sorry to make this even longer, but I added another scenario Say we we came up with an idea for a new fastfood chain. We have a new type of burger that is very tasty. To expand the business one needs to advertise. A purely objective add would not work affectively. One could not just present tech specs and an objective analysis of customers. This would be too objective to expand the business for more money. Instead we need to advertise at the subjective level. One may need to lease IQ/EQ for an affective add. The add may be a nice looking family having fun in one your shiny clean staged resturants, eating the foot tall burger made of plastic food so its keeps it loft. Money is subjective so to get people to trade money, one needs to make them feel subjectively, they are getting a good deal, so they are happy to make that trade. Our subjective add works and our business begins to expand. The needs of business are far more objective; we need a large supply of burger materials which are good, reliable and at the best price point. So we put the account out for bid. The companies all send their best sale people to close the deal. The best sales people are not just objective, although they will have objective data on hand if it is necessary. They need to use theiir subjective skills to make the buyer feel good about giving them money. They could use any number of things, including inflated promises of a constant supply, or a weekend stay at the supply company condo. This has subjectivity little to do with the objective needs of supplies, but it can help in some cases. If the subjectivity is good, and the purchaser feels good about giving up his money, more money is made by everyone. Now we have our demand and our steady supply. To scale up, we need to build our factory and warehouse. We also need to get a subjective brochure on the rapid money making possiblities with this new franchise opportunity. We haven't sold many yet but we have our graphs. This will also involve salemen to help people feel good about the new opportunity. Once the factory building project is in motion, it becomes very objective, since it needs to conform to building codes and has to be able to meet the needs of production. The engineers and craftmen, needed to make this possible, make a good wage leasing out their IQ. But it may not be as much as those who are involved in the various salemanships. Once the factory is up and running, again we need objectivity. We need the production lines to follow procedures and QA to keep good records. But within the company, promotion for more money, often involves the subjectivities associated with company politics. For example, one person may objectively realize this burger may not be healthy for kids to eat all the time, but the company needs them to eat it all the time. To take an objective stand will not work out well. One can think it, but one needs to use the subjective party line if their ambition is more money. Don't think about health, but the tasty joy of eating the new buddy burger. To increase productivity, so the company can make more money, we need to make the employees feel happy about working at the plant. We can pump in music or provide a company park for lunch, etc. We can also provide ways to motivate, such as production bonuses. Or one can set up a competition between shifts, for simple subjective bragging rights, that we will be displayed conspicuously on a large banner at the front door. As the company grows and the number of franchises increases, one will eventually go head to head with the big guys who are also competing. At first you were a subjective mosquito on their giant back. They may not have collected any objective logistic on the rise of this company but were basking in the subjective glow of being in the fortune 500. But now you are a monkey on their back as the competition hits their bottom line. They may have to add some extra subjective heat, with better adds. This may buy them more, than objectively putting the money in better supplies. They may even crank up the subjective heat in a more underhanded way by calling on a friend on the zoning board to hault all new building. You need to lease the IQ-EQ of lawyers to help paint a prettier picture. One may even have to go over the local's head and lease a lobbyist to go to the state assemble. The correct subjective campaign contribution can get him to see eye to eye (wink) so he will subjectively fight on your behalf. The objectivity is important to run the business logisitics in an efficient manner. But the money makers are in the parallel subjectivies. A better add, more aggressive sales, lawyers, lobbyist, etc., can make a company more money than putting that same money into the objective things. Objective is needed when these are maxed out and new ideas or process improvements are needed to give the company a competitive edge. The new objective idea, can then be used to re-spark the subjective train. Useful Application Humans are very subject and money is the water of culture, which benefits by human subjectivity. A good application of this is the rising costs of medical insurance. One can sort of assume, since there is a lot of money in the entire industry, there is also a lot of subjectivity. It could not make as much if it was an entirely objective industry. If one looks at medicine and health, with cool reason, without any subjective sentiment, one can draw certain logical conclusions. The first conclusion is the medical state of the art improves with time. The second is better medical advances should imply people are getting healthier. Based on this, the cost of medicial care and treatment should going down, flat, or increasingly slightly to compensate for inflation, since healthier people mean a lowered need for all the good and services. But if you look at the actual curve, the costs are increasing faster than is predicted. An analogy would be GM introducing a brand new model auto. The first year, because it is a complex machine, the maintanence bill may be X. GM will look at the data and try to make product improvements so X is lower the following year. If X increased in year two, one would be stumped. One would conclude either they have made their product worse, or they have subjectively altered the maintanence schedule to make more money. This could require more diagnostic testing, irregradless of actual need. They could also change the oil, transmission, brake fluid schedule, so these now need to be replaced sooner than was previously objectively required. Medical care is one area where subjectivity is easy to emploit, since one is dealing with fear and not just desire. One may postpone desire, but fear is a nagging subjectivity that can only be relieved with the proper tweak. The tweak, in turn, is decide by the industry that is making the money. I am not blaming doctors. The insurance and legal industries will add their own subjectivities to the doctors, to make money, causing them to react. One possible study, if someone wishes to pursue, would be to compare a few objective criteria, like life expectancy and infant mortality, between countries where medical care is socialized and somewhat rationed, to capitalistic countries where everything is readily available. If there is no difference, than the expanded treatment is there for subjectivity-money. It would be a beginning to determine the subjective costs of medicine. This is the fat that can trimmed since, medicine is science and should be objective. But the industry is composed of subjective humans.
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What they did was sort of put a new motor in an old car. They did build the motor from scratch, but used a motor building manual as their guide. The claim is this new motor makes a new type of artificial auto. They are sort of correct in the sense, this would not come off the assemble line of nature. The hope is they made their engine an upgrade compared to the production model. If they went from a big 8 down to a 4-cylinder, it may still work but may poke along. Maybe they can bore out the old 8 and add some genetic turbo, to try for a new high performance bacteria.
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Confused about Protein Structure
pioneer replied to magic-qwerty's topic in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Here is an interesting observaton, connected to making cell proteins. If we look at the DNA double helix, there are four bases that can only form two base pairs. Even if the bases are swapped between the sense strand and the anti-sense strand it is still the same base pair. The result is a binary coding along the DNA double helix. It is sort of a morse code of dots and dashes. The genes have a lot of dots at the beginning and a lot of dashes at the end, to show start-stop. When we make the mRNA, for the protein template, the mRNA is single stranded. Instead of the binary base pair coding of the DNA double helix, the coding is closer to quaternary, where each base along its length is more distinct from the normal base pairing in the DNA. Some RNA forms regions of double helix, so these speak both binary and quaternary. When proteins are made from the mRNA templates the coding is tertiary, where each animo acid, uses a particular combination of 3 of 4 bases. I am not sure if this cooincidental or whether the watchful eye of the DNA's binary code on the quaternary code of the mRNA, results in the tertiary compromise. Sort of the blending of two languages; DNA-RNAish. The protein translation does employ looped RNA who speak both languages. Food for thought What that could theoretically do, is create a rough translation connection between the DNA and the cytoplasm. The proteins can talk its own jive among other proteins, with the DNA picking up bits and pieces. When the proteins yell, "we neerd moe hunds her at the helm", the DNA sort of hears, "need at helm". So it gets ready for a chemical envoy to appear to make sure it heard correctly. I am sort of kidding. Cell speak is done using a single language the binary, tertiary and quaternary systems all have in common; hydrogen bonding. This is sort of like cell-latin from which cell French, Spanish and English stem. It helps to keeps the tasks distinct, yet integrated at the same time. -
Seeds for the imagination One possible way to look at this, is to build a blackhole from scratch instead of looking at it after the fact. Looking at an auto built from scratch on the assemble line, gives one a different feel for the finished product. Say we collapse a star, to give us the needed momemtum/work to form a blackhole. Atomic states will become ionized by the heat as the distances between the nuclei decrease. Relative to atoms what was inside of the atoms, as orbital electrons, comes out as electrons ionize. To form neutron density, what was outside the nuclear composite, i.e., electrons, now needs to come back inside. Based on this cycle, the next step should be the innards of the neutrons coming out, so the neutrons can merge. The final step brings the out, back in, and final particles collapse. When we add matter to a blackhole, the entire out-in-out-in cycle has to replay so the matter can be brought into the collapsing center. Since the distances are so small and the input is continuous, the cycles merge. Say for the sake of argument, we merged the 2 in-to-out cycles and the 2 out-to-in cycles, so the four cyclinder engine, becomes a 2-stroke. In other words, the ionization of the atomic electrons merges with the substructure of neutron density coming outside itself. While the collapse of electrons to form neutrons merges with the final collapse of the matter. Next, we turn the two stroke into a one stroke where both the inside and outside are no longer distinguishable but the matter enters and changes for collapse.
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The environment affects the types of genetic changes which will give one selective advantage. For example, although growing thick fur is good for a cold climate, this genetic change is counterproductive at the equator. What could give an animal selective advantage in one environment could be a selective disadvantage in a different environment. Long skinny legs may be good for wading in marshes to catch fish, but it not good in the mountains. Long antlers in the plains, may pose a problem in the thick jungle. The environment will set the standard, with respect to the range of possible genetic changes, that will be affective in that environment. Relative to the various races, each sort of evolved in an eco-system. What was useful under those conditions may or may not be optimum in a different eco-system. The standard now is western culture. One is sort of taking people from the equator, plains, mountains, valleys, rivers, oceans, etc., and putting them all in an auditorium environment. A good example, were the native Americans before the Europeans came. They never were exposed to smallpox. The Europeans had already did the adaptation dance. The native Americans never had any environmental reason to adapt so they were ill prepared when small pox came. If we alterred the environment where we homogenize, the problems shift to another race. Knowing where adaptation occurred and the new environment allows us to anticipate the types of medicines one may need to take. The problem is not objective but is subjective due to liberalism. To target the needs of a non-indigenous race, implies races are different. But the liberal pitch is we are all the same. So there is a tendancy to enforce this subjective premise at the expense of objectivity. There is room for only one sherif in town, with subjectivity usually the political winner. A good analogy is a polar bear living in Texas. His fur was his selective advantage in the arctic. We work under the assumption that all selective advantage is exactly the same. But in reality, he may be better off shared in Texas, to make him cooler. But if we do that, now he looks a little different. So people will resist shaving him, but prefer that he deal with the heat, so they can feel better out the polar bear's selective advantage. Current evolutionary theory reinforces this since it doesn't give enough weight to the environment setting the standard for selective advantage.
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Pioneer brainstorm stretches the envelope of thinking about black holes
pioneer replied to pioneer's topic in Speculations
One of the mathematical assumptions of a blackhole is that matter and energy can not escape. But according to these astronomers both matter and energy is escaping from the poles of the blackhole. Based on that observation, one now needs to change the assumption to; matter and energy can escape a blackhole. All I was doing was trying to brain storm based on the new assumption. I am not married to any of these ideas, but it is time to retool a blackhole. This should be looked at as an exciting time since the blackhole was getting a little boring. Now there are many new possiblities. I still like the singularity angle but the perimeter is a little more dynamic than expected. One scenario to explain the delay in the gamma, is to assume the gamma is propelling the matter in the jet. This medium is sort of opague to the gamma, but gamma's energy pressure is still able to move it out. A good analogy is a big bubble on the bottom of a glass of water. It will push its way to the surface, causing the surface to rise ahead of it. Eventually the bubble reaches the surface, but with a time delay relative to the surface. Since the material and gamma is bursting from the poles, this seems to indicate a type of perpendicular force interaction with equatorial, sort of like the right hand rule, but it may be totally different. It would be hard for matter to systematically enter the blackhole at the poles, due to these blasts. The logical result is the matter will preferentially spiral into the equatorial regions. The fact that the blackhole has to periodically let off steam, suggested that it is over extending itself, but making more energy than it could absorb. Just the vector force addition could imply too much equatorial in, creating the critical vector force for polar discharge. There are different possiblities as to how it could overextend itself. One reasonable possiblity is that if it compresses small atoms this will not be endothermic like larger atoms, but will be very exothermic. This spicey food sort of gives the blackhole gastric gas, so it has to burb, periodically. The burb will also cause a vector force addition, so it can pig out again as the equatorial material reacts to this vector force addition. This would be a good way to maintain stability in wide range of eating conditions. -
The reason this occurs is the incoming light generates an electric field within its propagating sine wave. Charged particles within the medium try to align with this electric field. But being matter, there is a time delay. But since both are at the same electric field energy level, the two waves will add. The resultant composite wave maintains the frequency of the incoming light, but the composite wave will be different in wavelength. The refractive bend sort of compensates for the composite wavelength change, so the same number of frequency cycles occurs. If you look at energy as a function of wavelength, different frequencies do different things to matter. Red will not affect covalent bonding, but UV will, etc..This connection sets the type of charge re-actions. Some energy level interactions are easier to pertubate in different type of materials. With the hotter wavelengths, which can break bonding, the separated negative and positive charges, if they both try to align with the field, will end up at opposite sides of the sine wave of the light's electric field. They have their own charge attraction. So their amplitude is smaller. The longer wavelengths affect vibrational energy level which does not affect chemical bonding. These align easier and can generate a higher amplitude. The higher amplitude gives more umph to the wave addition with the light. Seeds for the imagination Here is an interesting scenario. Since the charges are out of phase, typically going slower, under certain circumstance they will can get ahead of the incoming wave. A good analogy is a race around a running track. The light gets out to an early lead, with the matter lagging behind. If the race is long, the light eventually catches up to the matter from behind. At that point, the matter is in the lead, if we disregard the first cycle. If the number of frequency cycles is held constant, because the composite distance has gotten smaller than the incident wave, the composite wave will not be able to leave the medium. Theoretically, it would look like the light stops short of reaching the other side, suspended in the medium. This may be indicative of medium transparency changing to translucency. In some cases the translucency theoretically changes to reflectivity. Instead of looking at a stop in time, if this is a dynamic system where the light continues to pass, lag, catch up and overtake the matter, again and again, the results would be the composite wave constantly changing the angle of the refraction, with the medium shifting between various states of transparency and translucency. From the other side of the medium, it would look like the light beam has gotten wider with a dim center. This sort of describes diffraction through a small hole. With the energy constant there are less photons in the center and more in the bend zones. If we place a different medium in the hole, than just air, one could get an energy hole in the center.
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Work is force X distance. While force is mass X acceleration. So we know the mass and the acceleration due to gravity. One then muliplies this by how much distance, one needs to move the object, against gravity. The units of work are (m) X (d/tt) X (d) or mV2, which is energy. The work needed to move an object against gravity is the same as the energy. If we added too much energy, such that the object exceeded the height needed, the work applied over that distance would still be the same. However, the object will have left over energy, to do more work.
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If I am not mistaken, isn't the type of spying, they are talking about, limited to phone records, which any descent hacker could also acquire. It does not listen to the call, but if Habbib calls Ben Laden, we look for a record of that, and then get a judge to issue further warrants. Some of the more paranoid airports are more abusive of liberty than that. Yet most are willing to allow their liberities to be manhandled if it saves lives, which may not even be in jeopardy under most circumstances. What the difference is, the former better targets the harrassment. While the latter uses an elephant gun to hunt flies. so everyone is harrassed equally. As far as the Democrats, they are by far, the more busybody party, that likes to institute regulations to control lives and liberties. The only reason they apposed this, at first, is they didn't think of it first. They did not want the other side to get any credit. But they realize this could come in handy if they were able to acquire the Whitehouse. Former President Clinton had a much more intrusive program, which may come back, when the media is more likely to ignor it. The republicans like security. They might go along since they won't mind the US having better data.
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Does Colour Affect Your Word Recall?
pioneer replied to PandaFi's topic in Psychiatry and Psychology
I care, but I was trying to open up her mind to new possibilites. Maybe the problem is statistical studies are only good for small bites at a time, where reason is suspended until the statistical oracle speaks. After it has spoken, and she needs to reason the data, she was a strong angle. -
From the point of the view of the human mind, a quantum theory allowing every possible outcome, sort of describes the human imagination. In my imagination, I can make pigs fly, since the imagination is not confined to the laws of causuality. In the imagination we can throw out cause and affect as well as the known laws of physics and add whatever you like. On the other hand, the laws of physics are more in touch with cause and affect and place a different set of limits of what is possible. In causual reality, we can try to make a pig fly, but it continues to crash. We can even use a catapult to give is a little more lift, but it still crashes. What I am trying to say is a quantum theory allowing every possible outcome is more appropriate for describing the human imagination. It may not be appropriate in the lab where reality sets different constraints. One may argue that random and unexpected affects occur all the time, even in light of the causual relationships that define reality. Another way to look at that is maybe these relationships need to be modernized. Let me give an example, before Newton got hit in the head with an apple and defined the laws of gravity, the observation of falling objects was very random. There was not yet any causual way to explain it, so a quantum theory allowing every possible outcome could have come in handy. But once the causual law was defined, then this was no longer valid. The causual law got rid of the imagination and cleared the mind with reason. If we go back to many worlds, one can also add a color contrast to the various worlds, since this is also possible in the imagination and would hold up with a quantum theory that allows every possible outcome. A better way to look at other worlds is to consider quantum percentages. For example, electron tunneling is possible, but if we take an average chunk of rock, it is a very minor event. There are unique situations in nature where this is a much more common event. If for the sake or argument, this was the tunnel to another world, that other world would have a few dense spots and a lot of very thin spots. It would not be a duplicate but a rarified image, that may only contain one electron out of each kg of granite, for example, but 1 billion for a kg of semi-conductor. This would make the other worlds sort of shadowry images of this world. The causual stuff may not move well since all outcomes are not possible.
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The 60's was the music of the Hippies. They were the social rebellion crowd tuning out and turning on. The 70's started as hippy, but when the Viet Nam was over, the faded genes and tie-dye tee shirts were replaced with the disco polyester leisure suit. The peace symbol became the gold chain. The 80's was the transition where disco started to change under the influence of the the preppie personna of the Yuppies. This was during the Reagan years, which shifted culture into a more prosperous personna. Everyone seems to forget Madonna and Michael Jackson in the 80's. Michael Jackson got the East LA gangster look going, for the baggy pants of the 90's. Madonna shifted things away in the same direction. They help influenced the 90's, like the Bee Gee's did for the mid 70's disco. The 90's was a divergence of baggy pants, one for rap and the other for grunge. Rap music was around in the 70's and 80's. But the original rappers were the hill billy square dance callers. The 80's was more sophisicated in dress, than disco, due to the gays. They seem to know how to accessorize and coordinate better than straight guys and caused an significant improvement in style for the young urban professional. The sexy dress of the disco twirl, was replaced with tight short skirts, tight pants, and big hair, for the new separated dance styles. The 80's was decade where records started to became replaced with CD's. Where quadrophonic appeared in anticipation of surround sound. The 80's was the decade that ushered in the personal computer. It started with the Wang word processor and culminated in the Microsoft shakedown. The music of the 80's included the budding technologies for new affects, that used to require the technical sophistication of the Pink Floyd in the 70's. It was the last decade the masses would not be strapped to a computer.
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Confused about Protein Structure
pioneer replied to magic-qwerty's topic in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Picture a protein as a long string of beads, with each bead, the peptide linkage of the amino acid. Sticking out of top of each bead is a flag, which is the particular R-group of a particular animo acid. Because of hydrogen bonding along the axis of the string of beads, the protein string gets a helical twist. Now all the flags are no longer on the same side, like the above simplification, but they became orientated in 3-D along the axis of the string of beads. Because these are distributed in 3-D space along the helix, like flags will attract like flags, such that the entire string begins to distort into smaller groupings. This is due to secondary bonding forces such as van der Waals that bind the organic flags, ionic interaction for the polar flags and hydrogen bonding where ever this is able to occur. These smaller groupings combine to form larger groupings, etc., due to similar bonding forces. To this grouping dynamics we also need to add the affect of water. The water creates surface tension affects, like oil in water, where the organic groups cluster while trying to avoid the water and the ionic groups cluster but like the water. The net affect is the water pushes the organics in the middle and causes the ionic groups to stay more near the surface. This simplified perfection is not always possible. For example, if we have three flags in a row with two big organics and one small ionic, the little ionic gets sort of man handled and can get buried in the middle. This stores potential. It creates surface tension stuck in the middle of the oil. There is another consideration. If we take a long protein chain and let it form in water, it will reach a certain steady state shape. This is the scenario that was discussed above. If instead, we had a little hole in the side of the beaker of water and fed the end of the protein string out of the hole, a little at a time, the final structure will be different. The reason this is so, the little end sticking out, is temporarily the whole protein, so it will attempt to do the best it can, as far as lowering its potential in the water. As we feed out more protein, this little end knot, may not be able to rearrange itself so easly. Instead the protein may build on that knot. The full protein in water, may put that knot in any entirely different place. If we feed out the protein string, instanteously, we get the linear protein in water, as discussed in the beginning. If we feed it out one animo acid per second, we will get another lowest energy configuration. The cell has it own metering rate so the final result is somewhere between these two. There are also some hydrogen bonding considerations. The hydrogen bonding is the strongest of these secondary bonding forces. In the ideal world, all these strong hydrogen bonds would become optimized. But we also have large flag groups that can group at the expense of H-bonds. While conversely, H-bonds can form that prevent perfect flag groupings. The protein will end with minimum energy, but with energy potential. Let me use an analogy, say we have two magnets, one is welded to a metal table and the other is welded to a screw in a frame. We can tighten the screw and cause the two magnetics to approach and then stop short. This is the minimal energy position under those conditions, since the magnets can not spontaneously cause the distance to get any smaller. Yet, we still have a magnetic potential set up due to the separation. There is potential energy there, that can cause the entire metal apparatus to begin to take on the properties of the magnetic separation. The energy within a protein is analogous in the sense the protein is integrated. Beside the possible potentials stored within proteins, there can also be potentials within the water that can tweak the final protein state. This is sort of like having some exterior magnetics that are near our magnetic separation apparatus. When proteins leave the ribosomes, they go to the smooth ER to bake. There is water potential outside them causing some fine tuning. It sort of tweak the screw to improve the appartus profile. When the protein is transported to a new area, with different magnetics, so to speak, around it, this will create an odd profile, useful for work. The little enyzme beats its little heart out, but can't get rid of the potential. Not exactly, eventually the potential alters and its time for recycle.