pioneer

Linear momentum requires a force to act, parallel to the motion, to change the momentum. While angular momentum requires torque or force X distance to change the angular momentum. The distance variable, added perpendicular to the force, is needed since the angular momentum is not just velocity, but also acceleration. The acceleration keeps the velocity moving in a circle. This force is not a static linear force but a radial force, or a linear force that is constanting changing direction. The net result is angular momentum has energy in both velocity and acceleration, while linear momentum only has energy in velocity. For example, if we could overcome the gravitational force using force/energy, the earth would be released from the sun, having only linear momentum.

The fine bubbles nornally generated in water will combined into larger bubbles and float to the top of the honey. It is sort of like simmering water and simmering something viscous like spagetti sause. The higher viscosity takes more work to overcome, such that some of the the energy put into the tiny bubble surface tension, will need to be used up, resulting in larger bubbles. If you start adding water to the honey, the viscosity will lower and the bubbles will get smaller.

Hydrogen potential is an artifact of H being covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom. Water for example, although showing a dipole potential of equal and opposite charge, is net electrophilic via the hydrogen potential. The nucleophilic potential on the oxygen side of the dipole, is lower due to the high electronegativity. Look at it this way, if the potential on both sides of the dipole were the same, the water molecule would get rid of the potential internally. It would not try to store a state of charge separation, when the orbitals allow easy electron movement. The negative side of the dipole is stabilized on the oxygen end, causing the H to carry the burden of the potential. An easier molecule to see net hydrogen potential is HCl. This is a strong acid and a weak base. The charge dipole is equal and opposite, but this molecules is highly electrophilic. It is not a balance of electrophilc and nucleophilic potentials as expected by the balanced dipole charge. The same is true of water. It is also hydrogen covalently bonded to one of the most highly electronegative atoms. The bottom line is equal and opposite dipole charge does not mean, the electrophilic and nucleophilic potentials are equal. The current chemistry of life, assumes a balance of electrophilic and nucleophilic potentials within hydrogen bonds. This assumption is erronoeus. If you use the correct assumption, it is possible to define everything in the cell, in terms of its residual hydrogen potential. This simplifies the cell by an order of magnitude and gets rid of the statistical uncertainty needed to compensate for the erroneous assumption. One simple experiment that can show that neutral water has a net electrophilic potential, is to compare Fe corrosion in water compared to dry air. The water acts as a catalyst increasing the rate of oxidation. The water is making the oxidation easier. If we add acid (more H-potential) the corrosion rate goes up. If we add base the rate goes down. If we compare this to dry air, one needs to use basic water to get the same rate as dry air. Or one needs to add OH- to reduce the electrophilic (hydrogen) potential of water to get the same corrosion rate. Based on the assumption of the H carrying the burden of potential, if hydrogen bonding hydrogen can't form hydrogen bonds or they are unable to form perfect hydrogen bonds, that means residual potential. That is the nature of life. The structures define configurational H-potential. The easiest to see is the DNA, it has 1-2 hydrogen within every base pair within the double helix, which can not form a hydrogen bond or they need to share with another H. This causes the DNA to store H-potential. That means it is electrophilic. So inspite of the negative phosphate groups on the DNA, the DNA still attract the negatively charged tri-phosphates. I stand corrected on that. I have been a little under the weather due to much weather. We had 16 inches of rain early in the week and it is still raining. Luckily the drainage was well designed, but I have a leak in me ceiling. But like the Beatles said, "I'm fixing a hole, where the rain gets in, and stops my mind from wandering, where it will go...."

There are two competing factors in the DNA, entropy and enthalpy. If we took at a gas and allowed it to expand, the entropy or disorder will increase. This will absorb energy, i.e., system cools due to the absorption of energy. The enthalpy is the opposite. It will cause order to increase. The analogy is the compression of the gas. This will give off energy. As the system reaches steady state, a more stable system forms if there is chemical attraction. Relative to the DNA, evolution has resulted in the stable genes on the DNA. This is maximum enthalpy. The entropy of the DNA are the defects. These are higher energy states, such as improper hydrogen bonding. In light of these defects or higher energy, the DNA needs to figure out how to use this energy potential to reach a state of better enthalpy, using the free energy within the defect. A good analogy is a group of people with a common set of beliefs. As long as there are no defects in their logic, there is no need to change. But if someone finds a little problem, this will increase information entropy. This adds energy to the discussion. Everyone debates until there is a logical way to iintegrate the entropy, in a way that does not cause further group chaos. The final state has now evolved. Relative to the DNA, one of the final judges on whether the DNA has been duplicated properly, are proof reading enzymes. Like any proof reader, simple mistakes can cause the meaning to become alterred. The DNA is like the book of a lifeform's life. There are genetic words, sentences, paragraphs, chapters, etc. If we change a word in the first sentence of a paragraph, that can change the entire meaning of the paragraph. If the same word is changed in the middle of the paragraph, the impact is less, since the implied intention of the paragraph is already self evident. In terms of DNA and entropy, all entropy mistakes may be similar in simple chemical terms. But some will create a much higher information entropy within the DNA. A higher information entropy may cause a major change in the protein composite that expresses a paragraph. The first sentence, now changes the precursor for an entire protein train. The output result will cause a pertubation of the DNA. The DNA is now sort of confused and needs to attempt to reach a new lowest enthalpy state. But being so stable, it needs to wait for DNA duplication. New defects may be needed to further increase the information enthapy, until it can lower energy and reach a new state of improved enthalpy. If is sort of analogous to the group with their information entropy. Sometimes, one problem opens up a can of worms causing even more information entropy. This can cascade until finally, a new steady state.

Math and simulation is often important to research but it can actually be unnecessary to get the job done. I used to be a development engineer and I preferred doing old time science. One does some basic research, formulates their theories, narrows down the experiments, rund a few to see if the predictions were correct or whether the theory needs revision, then start working on scale-up. That is about 2-3 weeks of work. This was ideal during emergenices, but if it was not an emergency, the project gets done too fast. The math would come in handy to stretch things out so it could meet a longer time requirements. Many biologists have techniques that allow faster turn-around. The math could come in handy, if things were better rationalized and subject to the cause and affect of math. Let me give an example, say we have enzyme A, which is one of several standards, which are well characterized, in terms of form and function. We have unknown enzyme B, that has various sectors of amino acids that both parallel, and are different than the standard. Based on the properties of these animo acid blocks, as a function of relative geometry, one is able to calculate the expected reactivity of the unknown enzyme. After these calculations, one goes to the lab runs a few experiments, done. But this is beyond, the current capability, such that math may not be handy. To include math would require assumptions beyond current proof. At least hard data is easier to intellectually transfer, allowing faster turn-around.

Several years ago, I had some minor surgery, which required a couple of stitches. I did some of my own doctoring, during the healing process, and would pour hydrogen peroxide on the wound, to keep it sterile. What I noticed was that the peroxide would foam in places that where the wound was in the process of healing. As time went on, the amount of foaming decreased, with only the holes caused by the stictches, causing some residual foaming. Hydrogen peroxide is unstable in acid solutions and will decompose to give off O2. From this, one might conclude the healing wound, was more acidic than the surrounding healthy tissue, As the wound healed, the pH increased back to the level of the healthy tissue. Based on these simple observations, one can conclude that the healing process, at least in terms of cuts, is associated with an increase in the local H-potential.

Another point about the child healthcare bill, is the estimated cost. Government programs never stay within their projected budget. That is just the lure to get it into law, before they go way over. We need to multiple the estimate by a factor of 2-10. The cigarette tax will generate projected revenue rates, in the short term, but higher cigarette cost will lower consumption, causing revenue to fall. That means other taxes will be needed to make up the difference. Once the program is grandfathered it, to feed the beast, will require new and esculating taxes. The tax and spend Democrats don't seen to understand economics. The potential tax revenue, they are trying to collect, is like seed potato. They seem to believe one can eat from this stock pile and the pile will replenish itself. But the more you eat, the less there is for future planting, such that the pile get smaller and smaller. Government is analogous to a farmer with a black thumb, who can grow a crop but it takes twice as much seed potato. Often govenment estimates is what the free market can do it for. Once they begin, the costs esculate, i.e., more tax seed potato. One way to deal with this is make the estimate carved in stone. This estimate can not be exceeded except by taxing those employed by the program. One of the problems with universal health insurance can be seen with an analogy. Say we decided to give everyone universal food insurance. This food insurance will guarentee everyone has full access to the best food. Rather than eat hamburgers, why not eat steak and shrimp. One will hope that most people will stick to hamburger, and only eat steak and shrimp on special occations, so we can eat these delicacies, all the time. The result is that either the cost of steak and shrimp will increase, or if we wish to keep down the cost, steak and shrimp will need to be rationed. Extending socialize medicine to all the children, is a two sided coin. This will make it easier to address real need, which is good. But when the child skins his knee, rather than mother clean the wound, and put on a band-aid, many mothers will now have a new steak and shrimp attitude. One work-around is to define necessary care, as distinct from steak and shrimp care, with the latter requiring a co-pay to reduce the demand. Another possible approach would be to give a non-useage credit. For example, if we assume the value per child is $1000/year, healthy children, who don't use their share, get 25% of that at the end of the year. We should not just be rewarding sickness but will should also be rewarding health, so children learn to be more healthy minded.

Configurational potential within the sum of the DNA structures make the entire DNA important to the final affect. An analogy is a business. There are certain key players who are most important to business performance. But all the employees are needed, even if their role has nothing to do with the product that is sold. For example, a janitor is not involved in the manufacture, sales or distribution of the product, yet his role is to support the business in a generic type way. He is interchangeable to any business. There are certain parts of the DNA involved directly in the cell's business. There are also parts of the DNA, whose function is so general, they could also be used by any cell and offer the same amount of practical support. It has to due with the entire DNA defining a configurational potential, with some parts of the DNA, offering primarily configurational support. For example, if you look at the differentiated cells of the human body, what makes these differentiated ,are the genes used actively. The unique genes that make a neuron are not active within a bone cell. As far as the bone cell is concerned, these extra genes are like teats on a boar hog. Under bone cell conditions, these are sort of junk genes, since they are never suppose to be used, or else the cell would lose its differentiation. But the cell doesn't just cut them out to prevent changes. They are still acting as part of the configurational potential of bone cell differentiation.

With engineering, one is trained to solve problems using basic principles of science. Often exams are open book, since bulk memorizing is not as important as applying basic rational principles of science, in situations, one has not encountered before. With biology memorizing is more important. One is not encouraged to use ingenuity to speculate possible solutions to problems. One is obliged to play by the experimental rules of the game, which is often based on the blackbox of statistics. For example, whether we have a bow-arrow, hand-ball, gun or cannon, the engineering sees projectile motion. The biologist sees each as a separate phenomena requiring empirical experiments. The engineering can see the similarity in the compound bow and crossbow, but the biologists sees these as further sub-categories for investigation. The engineer can solve them all on the back of an envelop. The biologist is required, by training, to put in hard labor with the proper resources. The reason biology is memory intensive, and procedure orientated, is the state of the art has not be able to get beyond observational empiricsm. It would be like the engineer not having a rational understanding of heat transfer and then having to memorize empirical data. It becomes more of an artform where memorizing allows one quicker access to data. Luckily for the engineer, large memory storage is reduced to a handful of working relationships, that allows them to address new things, quickly. The biologist does not yet have a good set of practical compact relationships. A good analogy are two woodsmen hiking in the woods. The engineer is given a light compact backback, in school, with all his needed supplies. The biologist is given this huge backback with his needed supplies. The net result is the biologist can only cover a small amount of ground each day. He also has to be trained how to walk so he doesn't tip over. The engineer, can move quickly, at many angles, due to his agile speed. When I was young I was always attracted to biology. But I always avoided it because there was just too much memory work for my tastes. I always felt it would be nice, if biology was like engineering where basic principles could be taught, that would allow one to rationally solve problems without needing experiments up front. After the rational prediction, then you run one or two quickie experiments, since you know what to expect. I invented the H-potential analysis for the cell, so I could have a compact backpack for moving around the living state. That way I could avoid having to put on the huge memory backpack, and still enjoy biology. But the problem is, current biology training is so biased by their huge needed backpack, they seem to assume, it is impossible to cover ground fast. I have been trying to show that biology now has compact relationships that allows more agility and speed. Somebody just needs to be willing to take off their huge backpack and try it out. It makes it much easier to move around with agility and/or to cover more distance, quickly.

Although time is a reference variable for mathematics, things can be simplified if time is also considered a type of potential. If one took a snap shot, with a camera, of a dynamic event, we would freeze time. When time is stopped by the picture, nothing is able to change. There is no motion, force, transfer or exchange of energy, etc.. Without time potential there is no change of state, force, energy, etc. Time potential is woven into all these variables and needs to lower so we can get change of state. In a snap shot of something in motion, where time is frozen, we can still measure distance. Depending on our shutter speed, will determine the type of motion blur we will see ,that will allow us to know an object had velocity, even though it currently has no time potential to act, further. The distance variable will be distorted, by the time potential, that was used by the camera shutter, to stop time. If the two time potentials are not in synche, then there can be a distortion in distance. That is what happens with relativity, were time potential is different in each reference. The measured distance variable distorts. With the laws of physics remaining the same in the moving reference, the change in the time potential variable causes a system wide modification of physics. The common tread changes all the time woven variables in direct proportion. Although using time potential as a variable seems odd, what it does is allow us to average complex combinations of energy, force, motion, etc., using only the common thread that is making this all possible, in time. The way to make practical use of time potential, is to use it as a 3-D variable. Time potential in 1-D can be understood as being connected to energy. Energy has a fixed wavelengh (distance) and frequency (time). If we stopped time with our camera, the potential energy is conserved. The 1-D aspect of time potential is inherent within matter/energy. The 2-D aspect of time potential, is velocity, where distance is now able to change with time. Even energy can change distance/wavelength via the dopplar shift during the 2-D or velocity aspect of time potential. If we stopped time, we reduce time to 1-D, so there is only potential energy. If we increase the time potential to 2-D, velocity-motion will resume. The 3-D aspect of time potential is acceleration, where velocity itself will also change with time. This aspect of time potential is connected to force. If we stopped the third dimension of time, we would only have velocity since that type of snap shot would not allow acceleration due to force. If we stop the second dimension of time, we only have potential energy. The motion blur shows the dynamics of motion as a form of potential energy. If we stop the first dimension of time, then there is no energy, only void.

I used the term junk DNA for a lack of a better term. I am not a biologist but I do know about chemistry. I also specialized in polymers and am aware of how weak secondary forces is what defines the properties of polymers. DNA is just a special type of polymer, who properties are determined by secondary bonding forces, in particular, hydrogen bonds. Even if the so-called junk is partial activity and some is inert, all this is contributing to the overall configurational properties of the DNA. What I was saying, parts that don't have any apparent role in genetic expression, such as the centromere regions, still have a bulk impact on the DNA. Packed and unpacked by being two different states are DNA will have different configurational properties. For example, latex paints are often blends of acrylic and/or vinyl polymers. Depending the ratio, gives one different properties. In the case of adding packing proteins, as well as which order of packing, one has a discontinuous composite material, where the properties differ along the DNA, depending on the blend. The so called junk or stuff packed away, add more packing composite. The cell keeps this extra stuff because it requires the packing composite. It plays a role in helping to define the composite potential and gradients that need to exist within the nucleus to make the DNA work right.

Here is how I look at it. When it comes to evolution/creation the scientists have the upper hand, since they have devoted much more time and effort to this analysis. As Jesus said, render onto Caesar, what is Caesar's. The area where religion is the expert is, what constitutes religion. They have been working on this project for 1000's of years with 1000's of workers, sort of like science has done with evolution. As such, although aetheism does not consider itself a religion, in this case, the shoe is on the other foot. They are the irrational layman in this type of assessment. It is up to the experts from religion to make this determination. If they determine that aetheism is a religion, then the aetheist have the right to freedom of religion. But because of the separation of church and state, they have to be treated like other religions and can no longer be funded by the state. The aetheists are the creationist perspective when it comes to religion, i.e., so to speak, where they think their doctrine appeared suddenly. When it comes to religion, the religious folk are the evolutionists, so to speak, since they are aware of how religion has evolved, diverged and converged and can support that with thousands of years of documentation. Their final determination will affect how the state needs to treat aetheism. From just a basic assessment, there are eastern religions that believe in self enlightenment and do not have any type of formal God. This type of religion is not much different than the aethiest orientation. The former has moderized itself to make it more appealing to western recruitment. Again, I am no expert, so a formal assessment from the experts is needed. We don't want anyone to break the law. From the point of view of any religious person, one should not be mean or seek vengence, since it can poison the soul. Look at this as a scientific religious study to determine the nature of aetheism as a religion. The goal is to help these closet religious people, come out of the closet. We are just rendering unto Caesar, so he is not spending his money on religion. They are still free to practice their beliefs, even of they believes differently.

I have been around many bitbulls. They all look intimidating, but many are actually very nice. Most pitbulls seem to develop a strong connection to their owners. If the owner feels threatened, the dog will react and try to protect the owner. The problems occurs when the owner is a fruit loop. If they overreact to situations, their dog will also overreact. The friendly one's that I met, usually had good natured owners, and these dog were as friendly and as welcoming as the owner. Someone who is angry, mean ,or paranoid, can give the dog the wrong emotional cues causing it to overreact. These dogs are smart and develop a strong emotional connection to the owner. But that is the problem. There is no emotional owner screening, to make sure the owner can handle it. If you had a little dog, and wanted to turn it into a neurotic wreck, to suit the neurotic needs of the owner, a little dog can only nip you at worse. But this type of neurotic training, for a pit bull, can create an animal that is dangerous. These are not a good choice for neurotic pet owners. They need to pick something, that is too small, to hurt other people.

A virus can do damage but inserting its DNA into the cell. This places its genes so it can reproduce and therefore spread from cell to cell. But this is not the only possible scenario. Say the virus inserted its DNA, but the virus could not leave the cell, but became caught up in the recycle process within the cell. The result would be a genetic mutation that could change the composition within the cell. This will then trigger other genes to come into play. The new steady state could cause that cell to become slightly different that it started. It could actually become better. The only reason virus are associated with something bad, is that is the only time, we get an output signal stemming from a virus, so we know it is there. If it made a change in the DNA, but there is no output signal, we would not be looking for it to do good. If a child got all A's on their report card, on a regular basis, he would eventually get a pat on the back. If they came home with a B, then there is all type of attention. As long as nothing is upsetting the apple cart, there is no real reason to look critically into what the child is doing. One may still participate positively, but will not try to desparately figure out why the child is doing so well.

It is not usually the alcohol that causes hangovers, but the secondary products caused by the type of material fermented, and/or by the heat affects during distillation, causing the production of other chemicals. Rum or gin are more likely to give a hangover than good vodka or scotch, due to the materials included during distillation that gives the unique flavor. I had a physical chemistry profession, who was raised in Germany. During his youth he worked in a distillery. He told us stories, where they knew where in the distillation column to tap to get the ethyl ether. Normally some of this will result from the distillation, and some becomes part of the final product. If you did your calculations of column plate efficiency you could predict where it was. The distillation can also form some glycols and a thing he call fussil or fissil oils (?), which he said were the worse cause of hangovers, and is often due to poor technique (cheap). Red wines use the peels to give it the color and the extra body. When these are fermented, one can get other side products, that can cause a hangover. One can ferment some methanol from that pulp. The yeast prefers to eat, the easy to digest sugar, but can chew on some cellulose. If one did a trace composition analysis of your favor wines and spirits, it would look like a chemical lab. But that would make people paranoid for no good reason, other than as an excuse to try to set up a prohibition. Marijuana is a touchy subject because it is illegal. One possible way it could lower the frequency of hangovers, is that it may intensify the alcohol affect. That means one may end up drinking less, but feeling like they drank more. The result may be less of hangover due to less total input. Marijuana often causes a hunger attack, i.e., munchies, causing one to eat, so they don't go to bed on an empty stomach. This is also helpful. I am not sure if there is an type of chemical balancing act, though. The best strategy to avoid hangovers is to drink clean things. Try to drink a bunch of water before bed to prevent dehydration hangover. A friend also sweared by taking your tylenol before bed instead of the next day. Sometimes beer drinking can cause you to pee out too many ions. So maybe some Gatorade instead of water before bed could come in handy.

In another topic, someone talked about how the body is constantly rebuilding itself. About every seven years, all our atoms are new. The brain is not like semi-conductor memory, which can sit inert for years. The brain is constantly in a state of recycle and replenishing, with food, water and air, shifting the atoms. If one moved to another place and lived off the land, we would be composed of atoms from that place in about seven years. There is a continuity to us, but our atoms are now from that place. The body changes only a little at a time, so we maintain, continuity. The reason I bring this us, for memory to remain stable, in a state of constant molecular and atomic flux, the basic units need to be relatively large. For example, the membrane of the neurons is a lipid sea, that is flowing. The neurons take out lipids, and then replaces them. Somethings they replace them faster, so the neuron can branch. Other times, they replace them slower, so the branch can shrink. If the memory affect gets too small, it would be swept in the flux of constant change. It never stays 100% percent the same, but is always trying to adapt. The constant flux of life, actually explains many things. Say we have a memory from youth. Although many of the details remain, the story sort of changes based on the perspective we achieve as we learn and mature. These memories are large enough to maintain, during the flux, but small enough where the water under the bridge allows them to mature. The very nature of regeneration, causes memories to advance with time. Quantum affects would have a hard time maintaining steady state, since they are too small and the constant flux changes things at that level. That is why I suggested the metaphysical phenomena. This was not to be funny, but these are things, that are not easily reproduceable, yet appear to happen in a flash. Exactly, what small things do in moving waters. This is sort of ironical. Currently we are experiencing very heavy rains. It has been raining for several days. The pond is starting to flood, due to this last band of very severe thunderstorms. I lost my internet connection a few hours ago due to the lightning. Some of the trees on the bank are already hip deep in the water but holding steady. But it is hard for small things like debris to stay put. Nature likes to recycle things, that seem to work well.

What the bridge implies, is that the bonding forces between the water molecules have gotten stronger, or else the bridge would act like liquid water and collapse. This implies the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules have gotten stronger and are approaching a state that is closer to ice, instead of normal liquid water. It is not ice, but a bonding state between liquid and solid water. When water freezes into ice, it expands. The rising of the bridge is an expansion affect out of the shielding of the beaker, into the air where the affect can get the full field potential. The full field potential allows the water energy to reach its lowest value, i.e.. reflected by the strong bonds. If you look at a single water molecule, the oxygen holds the electrons very tightly due to its high electronegativity. This makes the hydrogen slightly positive. Although the oxygen is slightly negative, it can easily hold this extra negative charge since it helps stabilize the orbitals of the oxygen, i.e., octet stability of the oxygen. The oxygen end is relatively inert. The hydrogen end carries the net burden of the potential. In liquid water, the hydrogen will try to lower its potential with hydrogen bonds. But in liquid water, there is enough thermal energy for the oxygen to twist to avoid the hydrogen getting the full amount of electron density it needs to fully lower its potential. The hydrogen ends up with residual potential. In ice, the coldness slows the oxygen down, so they can't avoid the hydrogen any longer, allowing the hydrogen to share easier. But the oxygen still tries to assert its higher affinity for electrons, and pushes the H away, i.e., ice expands. If the hydrogen can't be avoided, it going to share the electrons, out in the boonies. The electric field goes right after the O, causing it to break its strangle hold on the electrons. It essentially lowers the affective electronegativity of the oxygen. This makes it harder to avoid the hydrogen at room temperature, since the electrons are sort of slightly ionized by the field. The result are hydrogen bonds get closer to ice. It is not ice, since at that temperature, the oxygen is still trying to thermally twist, but its electrons are now much fluffier, making them an easier target for the hydrogen.

Entropy will create disorder and will absorb energy, while enthalpy will create order and release energy. If we expand a gas into higher entropy it gets colder, because it is absorbing the energy. If we compress it into order or enthalpy, it gets hotter, as it releases energy. As an example of these two opposite information affects, in the middle ages, scientist would marvel at the rock and the feather falling down to the earth. Sometimes, big things fell faster and sometimes small things. This is high entropy information, with total disorder. This entropy info absorbs mental energy leading to all types of theories and speculations. Newton came along and lowered entropy (disorder) with rational enthalpy, causing all this apparent chaos to crystalize out in a simple relationship. It lowered mental energy and so everyone stopped speculating. High entropy brings new information into awareness that can improve our understanding of things we never thought of before. Eventually, this will trigger the enthalpy affect and an energy lowering compression should occur. That is where people should be marvelling, the entropy is the high energy precursor that eventually leads to a stable compact lower enthapy state. Entropy is the mental arousal, but enthapy is the mental climax. One gets to smoke a cigarrette and finally go to sleep. Before Newton, they would have loved the modern theories of random, chaos, statitisical, etc., because these would have allowed pigs to fly on certain occations. This would be allowable if everyone believed in the power of disorder, with enthalpy and rational order, a minor affect. Luckily Newton nipped this in the bud with rational enthalpy. We have this same affect today. But few realize, the entropy is nothing but a precursor state, that is suppose to lead to some type of enthalpy climax. If you look at a diamond, the value is in its enthalpy perfection and not it entropy flaws. The flaws tell use little about the essense of the diamond. But because, they tell still us something, and entropy will absorb energy, the endothermic increases our mental energy for mightly speculations. It could be the entropy buzz, that makes knowledge entropy fun. We have philosophically turned entropy information into high energy mental viagra, so we can go on and on, to avoid reaching a mental entropy climax. It reminds me of a mental entropy joke. After making love, the hottie, all exhausted, turns to her partner and asks him", What is you name?". He proudly says, "I am Thor!". She says, "you think you're thor, I'm the one who is thor (sore)." All little more enthalpy would have been considerate.

If you have a blinking singular entity, on-off, its blink frequency gives us time, without distance. We could calibrate our clocks by this. To be able to also calibrate our meter sticks, with something finite, the blink has to appear in two places that are separated a given distance d. There is still only on-off, but both are occurring sequentially, with one side on while the other is off, so our light stays on. If you look in terms of energy output, when there is only time calibration, light only appears half the measured time. When we can calibrate both distance and time, the light is on all the time, due to distance, but only half the time at each side of the distance. There is a build-up of energy. The singularity begins with lights off. It starts to blink on-off causing time to appear. Then it stays on, by including a separation distance. We are building up and almost close to the boom. We have the raw material for the energy. We have the crests-distance of the sine wave but no motion. It needs to accelerate to C. Acceleration is d/t/t. This implies two parts t and one part d. We sort of have that, except the two blinkers are out of phase and therefore not connected in the co-joined way needed for acceleration, i.e., one t is on when the other T is off. To get them both blinking at the same time, we need to build potential further to increase the blink frequency until the on-off gets so fast, that quantum time affects begin to occur. It only has to mess up once, and cause them to synchronize in time, then, BooM.

You are right. It is strange, that kinetic energy and momentum would result in two different velocity answers, but it does. If we doubled the mass and kept the same momentum, the velocity would fall to half. Or MV=2Mv ; v=V/2. If the did the same for kinetic energy, we would have (1/2)MV2=(1/2) 2Mv2. Or v=V/1.414. So conservation of kinetic energy results in higher final velocity than the conservation of momentum? I think I see the energy problem. When the water enters the train, we need to accelerate it to train speed. This will take energy, so we need to convert some of the velocity based kinetic energy into an acceleration based force-work-energy. Some of the original kinetic energy is converted, so the final kinetic energy is lower. I guess if we subtract the kinetic energy calculated for the two final velocities, i.e., momentum and kinetic, that gives us a handle on the force-work energy.

I don't have the answer you want, but some insight that might help. The analogy of virgin and worldly macrophages brought an analogy to mind that seems very appropriate to the question you asked. The virgin macrophages are sort of like a virgin bride, in the sense, she is a clean slate that can adapt to almost any type of husband she loves. She doesn't go into the marriage with baggage or even fixed expectations. The worldly is similar to a bride who has already been married before. She has already developed a high level of adaptation. If she marries a similar type of guy, she would be up to steam, almost immediately. But if she married a guy who was different in many ways, her previous training could cause a problem adapting, since she will carry certain biases and expectations, that may not be the most appropriate for the new guy. The virgin needs more time to adapt, but is capable any type of adaptation. The worldly is can adapt quickly to similar situations, but when something totally new appears, she has to both deprogram and readapt, with the result the adaptation can take longer than the virgin. The body produces a constant supply of virgin macrophages, so it is ready to adapt to any new thing that comes down the pike. Although these are virgin, they need to travel within the body or blood, where they gather some indirect experience due to the immune factors that already there. This is sort of like the sisters, mother and aunts of the bride, giving the bride advice and stories of what to expect, before she becomes married. But it is not first hand or worldly experience, but nevertheless can teach her many things. She is still in a fantasy world of expectations. In the case of HIV, all this good advice is not appropriate. The analogy is her support staff are all married to businessmen, but her husband to be, is an artist. So she goes into the marriage, a virgin, but with too much well intentioned advice/expectation that has little to do with her husband. Under these circumstance, she may adapt easier with less advice.

Viri are a good application for a H-potential analysis. The reason a virus ends up where it does in the cell, is configurational equilibrium. It defines a configurational potential and goes to the place in the cell where that allows it to define equilibrium. The idea that any cell can produces viri, is not supported with any evidence. The reason this is so, when RNA/DNA is produced, its configurational equilibrium within the cell keeps it close to the nucleus. To go beyond that causes it to enter nonequilibrium. When a virus enters, it begins in no-man's land for RNA/DNA. It is not designed to be easily transported out, so it is stuck in nonequilibrium. So it needs to diffuse to the area within the cell, where its configurational potential is minimized. This so happens to be near the DNA. A good analogy is going to a school dance. Each social group or clique will find a spot where birds of a feather gather together. If one arrived late, like a vius, they are allowed to enter, since they have the school ID. One looks around and then diffuse toward the area where your friends are assembled. In the case of a virus, it checks it protein coat at the protein equilibrium area, i.e, recyled, and continues to diffuse to where there are other nuclei acid counterparts. An interesting case is HIV. It is does not go after all cells. It targets cell differentiations connected to the immune system. These cellular gradients are the only one's that define the equilibrium position needed to do some damage. In other words, if we take a digestive cell, HIV gets sort of stumped, because these cellular grids cause it to come up short. One possible strategy is to use this to our advantage. We take cells that are not good target cells for HIV and inject them with HIV. What should happen, the cell's H-grid will become pertubated, so the cell can munch, causing a genetic response. This will give us the types of genes, in non affectable cells, that can deal with HIV. These genes are buried within the immune differentiations, packed away due to its unique differentiation. We then splice these genes into the active grid of the immune cells.

The left and right hemisphere store data in different ways. The left is more differential, while the right is more spatial. What that means is the right side memories are more data dense. The left hemisphere is more differential and stores data at a much lower data density. For example, the right hemisphere has a 3-D memory for yellow, that allows us to know an unknown yellow is yellow. All the yellows we know are in that 3-D memory, allowing extrapolation. The left hemisphere will have each yellow in a separate memory spot, that may also have it unique name. During stressful situations, where time appears to slow down, the rise in the brain wave frequency, causes all the neurons to fire faster. These spatial memories get going much too fast be conscious. Only the slower differential memories in the left hemisphere are data thin enough to still be conscious. The result is the 3-D memory becomes fully unconscious, for an instinctive reaction, with us conscious of the left side memory firing really fast, i.e., data processing in a shorter time than normally occurs. This has to do with what I call the ego set point. The ego or consciousness has a data speed set point. As the brainwave frequency changes, certain types of memories will come to the front, because they overlap the set point speed. When time is flying because we are having fun, the brain waves are much slower, allowing the 3-D memories to become more conscious. These allow us to be smore pontaneous and creative due to fast data processing. In this case, the left hemisphere data is going too slow for the set point. This is what becomes more unconscious. It is still functional, only the right side of the brain is using the left side for differential output. The differential output become less of a conscious task, and more of an reflex activity, i.e., talking or game play. This is how the prehuman mind worked, until the invention of law/fear.

There is often a difference between intelligence and common sense. Intelligence embraces the newest, yet to be proven, because it offers a way to expand the mind and exercise the intellect. Common sense may not stray as far, but tends to prefer time proven methods that work. When comparing intelligence to common sense, we are often comparing a prototype mentality with a traditional, fully functional, mentality. The prototype may have hope for the future, but often, the bugs have not yet be worked out, such that moving forward, often defies common sense. If you look at the difference between the intellectuals and the common sense folk, the common sense folk are the doers, since they have the time proven foundation that allows extrapolation into practical reality. The intelligent are more talk that action, which is good, since many of their prototypes are not quite fully baked. Let me given an example of intelligent prototype thinking losing the race with practical utility and common sense. The basic family unit has been around for thousands of years. This would suggest that it may be part of our genetics. In other words, one does not do the same thing for 5000+ years, without some unconscious or maybe even genetic impact. The intellectual goes after the latest fad, since there is more room for free thinking to help exercise the mind. The conclusion of this brain storm, this 5000 years of programming is causing inequality among the sexes. So we need to promote equality by redefining the family. Common sense would say disrupting 5000+ years of programming is going to cause an instability, unless the new prototype thought this all the way through and has made all the needed provisions. Common sense would also say, many women and most of the children of broken homes are going to get screwed by this prototype, since their 5000+ year programming is going to unconsciously need a family unit in place. These broken families could end up stuck in poverty. Many children may also be loss to the streets and gangs looking for a father figure. This might also cause the males-female premiscuity, leading to deadly diseases. As history showed, this prototype by the intelligent people, has led to some cultural gains, for some women, but a lot of social problems. The intelligent approach is to act like the prototype was a complete success. Now we have to fix all these mysterious problems, that came out of nowhere, with a whole new range of new and improved prototypes. If they had common sense, they would backtrack, using cause and affect and retrofit their first prototype to include some of the traditional strengths. But intelligence only looks forward. This may be intelligent, since half baked ideas, without any common sense, gives intelligence new problems to solve. Since the intelligent ones, have taken over the public education system in America, away from the more traditional common sense crowd who ruled up to the 1960's, not only has the cost risen but the quality is down. The intelligence solution is to keep running prototyes until one finally works. The common sense crowd should think, the intelligent ones are useful to the future vision of culture, but they lack common sense. Maybe we need to take the factory back over and restrict them to only pilot studies. If one of their prototypes finally works with common sense. we will integrate it.

I don't think IQ tests fully expresses all forms of intelligence. There are artistic, emotional, managerial, social, athletic, applied, theoretical, intuitive, etc., If we did a broad based testing, using all these, the results would probably indicate that most people are idiot savants. The artist may not do well in applied science. The theoretical scientist may not do well in mechanical aptitude. The money manager may not be a good diplomat. None may have the emotional intelligence to be fully healthy. If you look at male and female, one big difference is, only females can have babies. It would seem logical that female intelligence, is better geared to deal with needs of living biological computers, we call children and their husbands/boyfriends. Picture if one is trying to program a futuristic living computer, and it decides to just walk out of the room, to collect other data. It is a free spirited entity, that is also sensitive and will shut down data input if you are not careful. You have to work with it, to get it to go back to work. But as it settles itself in, it accidentally breaks your monitor. If you freak out, it may generate an internal virus, that will adversely affect performance. One has to be firm, but loving, so the computer is happy helping you. When we finally make intelligent computers, females will dominate the field, since they are better equiped to deal with such complexities.