PrayingMantis.

Well if they are homolgous you can take advantage of it since you can force them to recombinate, so for example you do not need to use restriction enzymes and ligases in order to insert the fragment inside the chromosome's host (or another vector). This method will let you to insert everything that is present between the two arms. If I'm not wrong you have to use a recombinase for this. LTRs, as I told you before, are present for example in retrovirus, and they use this promoter for its developing cycle. LTRs are promotors made up of U3/R/U5, and they contain signals for polyadenilation, for capping (addition of 5' CAP), etc. You can use them as a single promotor or you can add another one close to them if you want to "superincrease" the transcription rate.

Hi! I will try to answer your question. These parts (U3-R-U5) form part of LTR, which are as you have said Long Terminal Repeats. Well, they are related to retrovirus and retrotransposons (in case you wanted to learn more). You can use them in a plasmid as a good promotor, especially for eukaryotic cells. Second, 5' and 3' UTR are regions inside mRNA that are no translated (this is to say that they are transcribed but not translated, so they will not form part of the protein). Finally, homology means "equal" in biology, and it is a quality. Then, it means something like they are completely identical, both left and right arm. I hope you find it useful! Best regards from Spain!

I would say that another one is that you have it under control: you regulate when to act much better.

Hello! I don't know what type of answer I am able to give you... 1) Proteins can be intracelular o extracelular, if they are going to be secreted (extracelular, for working outside of the cell) they follow a pathway that is called "secretory pathway", which involves their transformation and modification inside some organelles (like ER, GA, vesicules...etc). With this information you can advance in your answer! (see what happens in each organelle). 2) The anwser is: by their own! The aminoacid sequence extended (also know as the primary structure) contains the information to let the protein to fold in 3D and perform its function. If you want to go further, you can search for hydrofobic effect and weak interaction between amino acid side chains. 3) and 4) See where glycosilation takes places (which organelle) and imagine...! If you need more information, just ask! I hope this can help you! Regards from Spain!

gp120 is a glycoprotein (gp) with a molecular weight of 120 kDa. It is coded by the env gene inside HIV's RNA and acts as a trimmer. This protein is responsible for the interaction and recognition of the receptor on the surface of the lymphocytes (CD4 receptors). I hope this could help you! Bye!

Well I'm very passionate about running. I used to play athletics (I quitted it in the first year of my degree) that's why "simply running" is second nature for me. I like running not only for its healthy beneftis, but also because I feel happier as well as being able to see things differently, yes, it is something like a drug (the healthiest drug). So I don't think that you have to spend 2% of your productive time since you just run in your free time, in addition, I dare say that running everyday will increase for sure your lifespan for more than 1%. Then...what are you doing here and not running? See you!

Indeed Fuzzwood got it! You need a start codon to begin with the translation (which is the process to turn the language of nucleotides to aminoacids). This start codon is AUG (copied from 3'->5' DNA with the sequence CAT to RNA). Of course you can make a DNA containing only A-Ts and it will have different propierties from a completely natural DNA, which is composed with C-Gs as well. I hope this information can be handy for you.