dichotomy

On this, can I also suggest - Check whether the monkeys in captivity where raised completely by human hands from shortly after birth. And if they had any social interaction at all with monkeys that have had 'wild' experience or parents. I'd imagine these non -wild monkeys would be the closest thing to the ideal monkeys to compare with their wild counter parts. cheers

Hello, are there any compressed gas experts about? I’ve a question regarding LPG gas stored in cylinders. What would happen if a 60ltr cylinder containing LPG was shot with a gun and pierced? Or, if the container was struck by an automobile and ruptured? Is it likely to cause much harm and damage? I’m having a debate with my OH&S rep about the likelihood of fatality caused by a rupture to a cylinder. Considering just how many gas containers there are in the world (BBQs, caravans, cars, etc). I’m assuming that the fatalities are very low, particularly when compared with something like automobile collisions that result in death. Cheers.

Combative? Assumptions are rampant in our human world aren't they? No, my combative days are over, I’m a grown up now, I hope. I agree I’m being broad in grouping microbes. I’m not a microbe expert, but I can see from the available scientific evidence that they are as a group, a mighty various species. Maybe if we take a vital to human health bacteria like the beneficial Lactobacillus Iners and Crispatus, for e.g. They are unconsciously intelligent enough to make a home in our bodies, and we should be thankful for that fact. Without them we return to the cosmos at matter and energy. So, my definition of intelligence is broader that conscious intellect. Humans too, operate with enormous unconscious intellects, think of all the great scientific discoveries that came to scientists when they where literally asleep dreaming. Do you think humans are any less diverse? The scale of human intellect is obviously extremely broad. From human vegetables, to someone like good old Einstein. Cheers.

Well, I didn't read the whole thread. Just the initial question. This - "Which is the most 'intelligent' animal, in your opinion?" Microbes rule. cheers

Thanks IA, I've a clearer basic understanding of cosmic rays now, and particularly how and why they are bulit into the climate debate. cheers and thank you very much.

I go for the various species of bacteria and virii. Why? 1. Ability to live in the most extreme environmental conditions, i.e. volcanoes, outer space, deep sea, deep earth, deep ice. 2. Ability to adapt and evolve more quickly than other animals. 3. Self contained, robust. 4. They have been around billions of years before any other animals, and are still around today. 5. Humans rely on the good ones for our very survival, and fear the most dangerous ones. 6. All animals probably evolved from them, which of course makes us the ultimate microbe thus far. 7. They are by far the most widespread and successful, population wise, of animal species. 8. They use all humans as a comfy hotel. So, as far as unconscious intelligence goes, they blitz. Please feel free to add to this list of microbe advantages, I'm sure there are many more. Cheers.

So, I'm assuming its proven that neutrinos travel only in straight lines from the star they originate from then? Thus making it easy to identify which star they are actually coming from.

So, taking this neutrinos that are detected on earth could feasibly come from anywhere, other stars, or they could come solely from the sun. We are unable to identify what star exactly, that a particular neutrino originates from. Due to the fact that they are able to pass through virtually everything. Correct? cheers

Thanks for the clarification. So my comment on the sun rays being changed in transit to another form of ray, and returned to earth by some mechanism, isn't being explored by anyone? Or, has been explored and found to be highly unlikely? This gets me. How would anyone know if neutrinos pass through the sun if they are at the same time being produced by the sun? Again, two identicle properties, one from the sun and one from a star, being measured, when they are capable of passing through everything else. I can't see this as an accurate measure at all. Particularly since we have nothing (assuming except neutrinos) that can move through a star and come out 'alive' to give accurate measures. Thanks for the Neutrino info. An amazing element if it does what scientist say it does. cheers.

Ok, I’m assuming now that star radiation affecting earth is most accurately measured whilst the sun is not directed, or reflected, onto the measuring device. And I think the assumption from scientists is that ‘extremely heavy Iron nuclei’ are not known to come from the sun because cosmic ray detectors pointed at the sun show no evidence of ‘EHIN’? Correct? Can ‘extremely heavy Iron nuclei’ (and other non sun rays) be the result of being initially sent from our sun, in a known cosmic ray form, bounce off some galactic body whilst collecting other matter, and bounce back onto the earth, thus producing a theory that cosmic rays are not coming from our sun when they actually are, only indirectly like light bouncing off a mirror? Also, can ‘extremely heavy Iron nuclei’ (or any cosmic rays for that matter), penetrate through our sun, at any concentration? You can tell me if I'm not being clear enough. Cheers.

Thanks for the quick reply. I'm not convinced that you can actually block out all of the our sun's rays whilst measuring external cosmic rays. Although, I am sure that cosmic rays are emmited from other stars and do reach us. The astronomer, Stuart Clark, has said that some of our sun's rays actually penetrate through the earth, and take a long time to get through. So, if the earth itself can't screen out all rays, I can't imagine anything made on earth can? Can you see what I'm getting at? cheers.

Hello all, If anyone knows. I'd like some idea of how scientists know for a fact that cosmic rays are a completely separate source of rays from the rest of the earth's sun's rays? On the surface it seems to me almost impossible to separately measure and identify the suns rays, from rays coming from elsewhere in the cosmos. I think this because the sun's rays are sent out in all directions, and would obviously mingle with any supposedly external cosmic rays. I'd appreciate any laymans explanations that make sense. cheers.