DrDNA

If I get high field magnets impanted in my fingers can I do proton NMR with them? Care for a free breast MRI mam...............

The ethanol should not absorb to the charcol. Why don't you try out your experiment first with distilled water and pure ethanol? That will eleminate any variables. Here are some neat things for you to try....... Organic Reactions Objectives Synthesis of some important esters. Oxidation of a primary alcohol first to an aldehyde and then a carboxylic acid. To saponify a typical vegetable oil. Grading You will be assessed on detailed answers required in the lab report. the correctness and thoroughness of your observations. Introduction Esters are an important class of organic compounds commonly prepared from the esterification reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a strong mineral acid (usually H2SO4). They are chiefly responsible for the pleasant aromas associated with various fruits, and as such are used in perfumes and flavorings. Some esters also have useful physiological effects. The best known example is the analgesic ("pain killing") and anti-pyretic ("fever reducing") drug acetylsalicylic acid, otherwise known by its trade name aspirin. Liniments used for topical relief of sore muscles contain the ester methyl salicylate ("oil of wintergreen"), which is prepared from the reaction of methyl alcohol with the acid group of salicylic acid. Methyl salicylate acts as an analgesic and is absorbed through the skin; however, methyl salicylate is also a skin irritant (like many organic substances), which in this instance provides the beneficial side effect of the sensation of warming in the area of the skin where the liniment is applied. Oxidation of a primary alcohol may yield either an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on the reaction conditions. For example, mild oxidation of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, which under more vigorous conditions may be further oxidised to acetic acid. The oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid is responsible for causing wine to turn sour, producing vinegar. A number of oxidising agents may be used. Acidified sodium dichromate (VI) solution at room temperature will oxidise primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. At higher temperatures primary alcohols are oxides further to acids. Figure 1 The dichromate solution turns from the orange color of the Cr2O72− (aq) to the blue color of the Cr3+ (aq). This color change is the basis for the "breathalyser test". The police can ask a motorist to exhale through a tube containing some orange crystals. If the crystals turn blue, it shows that the breath contains a considerable amount of ethanol vapor. Soaps are produced by the reaction of metallic hydroxides with animal fats and vegetable oils. The major components of these fats and oils are triglycerides. Triglycerides are esters of the trihydroxy alcohol called glycerol and various long-chain fatty acids. Tristearin is a typical triglyceride. Upon reaction with sodium hydroxide, the ester bonds of tristearin are broken. The products of the reaction are the soap, sodium stearate, and glycerol. This type of reaction is called saponification (Greek: sapon, soap) and it is depicted below. Figure 2 Soap is made commercially by heating beef tallow in large kettles with an excess of sodium hydroxide. When sodium chloride is added to this mixture (called the "saponified" mixture), the sodium salts of the fatty acids separate as a thick curd of crude soap. Glycerol is an important by-product of the reaction. It is recovered by evaporating the water layer. The crude soap is purified, and coloring agents and perfumes are added to meet market demands. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE CAUTION WEAR EYE PROTECTION! CAUTION - Concentrated sulfuric acid will burn and stain the skin as well as damage clothing. In case of skin or clothing contact, wash the area immediately with large amounts of water. Synthesis of esters Place approximately 2 g (or 2 mL if the substance is a liquid) of the organic acid and 2 mL of the alcohol in a large test tube. Add 5 - 7 drops of concentrated (18 M) sulfuric acid, mix the solution well with a glass stirring rod and then place the test tube in a hot water bath (largest beaker in your drawer) (~ 80°C) for 5 - 10 minutes. Remove the test tube from the hot water bath and cautiously pour the mixture into about 15 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate contained in a small beaker. The sodium bicarbonate will destroy any unreacted acid. Observe the aroma produced from each of the following esterification reactions. Write the structure of the esters produced, and the balanced equations for the esterification and the acid/sodium bicarbonate reactions: Complete the following reactions using the procedure above and record your observations. (1) C7H6O3+CH3OH→ salicylic acid + methyl alcohol (2) CH3CH2CH 2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH+CH3COOH→ 1 - octanol + glacial acetic acid (3) CH3CH2CH 2 CH2CH2OH+CH3COOH→ amyl alcohol + glacial acetic acid (4) C2H 5 OH+CH3COOH→ ethanol + acetic acid Oxidation of an alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution Add 10 drops of dilute sulfuric acid (6M) and 5 drops of potassium dichromate(VI) solution (0.01M) to 5 drops of ethanol. The oxidising agent is added slowly to the alcohol so that the temperature is kept below that of the alcohol and above that of the carbonyl compound. (Carbonyl compounds are more volatile than the corresponding alcohols). Usually the alcohol is in excess of the oxidant and the aldehyde is distilled off to avoid further oxidation. Note the color and smell cautiously (Royal Wave). Warm the mixture and smell cautiously (Royal Wave). Repeat the experiment using first methanol and then propan-2-ol in place of ethanol. Describe what happens and explain the color changes. What conditions and techniques would favour the oxidation of ethanol to a. ethanal rather than ethanoic acid. b. ethanoic acid rather than ethanal? Oxidation of an alcohol with acidified potassium permanganate (VII) solution Add 10 drops of dilute sulfuric acid and 5 drops of potassium permanganate (VII) solution (0.01M) to 5 drops of ethanol. Note the color and smell cautiously. Warm the mixture and smell cautiously (Royal Wave). Repeat the experiment using first methanol and then propan-2-ol in place of ethanol. Take the pH of your final mixture using Universal indicator paper Describe what happens and explain the color changes. What is your final product? Saponification of a vegetable oil CAUTION - Sodium hydroxide is a very caustic material that can cause severe skin burns. Eye burns caused by sodium hydroxide are progressive: what at first appears to be a minor irritation can develop into a severe injury unless the chemical is completely flushed from the eye. If sodium hydroxide comes in contact with the eye, flush the eye with running water continuously for at least 20 minutes. Notify your TA immediately. If sodium hydroxide is spilled on some other parts of the body, flush the affected area with running water continuously for at least 2-3 minutes. Notify your TA immediately. Never handle sodium hydroxide pellets with your fingers. Use weighing paper and a scoopula. Solid sodium hydroxide will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is hygroscopic. Do not leave the container of sodium hydroxide open. Keep ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures away from open flames. Aqueous iron chloride will stain clothes permanently and is irritating to the skin. Avoid contact with this material. In this experiment, you will saponify a vegetable oil Pour 5 mL (5.0 g) of vegetable oil into a 250-mL beaker. Slowly dissolve 2.5 g of NaOH pellets in 15 mL of the 50% ethanol/water mixture in a 50-mL beaker. Add 2-3 mL of the NaOH solution to the beaker containing the oil. Heat the mixture over a hot plate with stirring. CAUTION: Keep your face away from the beaker and work at arm's length. Stirring is required to prevent spattering. Every few minutes, for the next 20 minutes, add portions of the ethanol/water mixture while continuing to stir to prevent spattering. After about 10 more minutes of heating and stirring, the oil should be dissolved and a homogenous solution should be obtained. Add 25 mL of water to the hot solution. Using the hot grips, pour this solution into a 250 mL beaker containing 150 mL of saturated NaCl solution. Stir this mixture gently and permit it to cool for a few minutes. Skim the soap layer off the top of the solution and place it in a 50-mL beaker. Into a test tube, place a pea-sized lump of your soap. Place a similar amount of laundry detergent in a second tube and a similar amount of laundry detergent in a second tube and a similar amount of hand soap in a third tube. Add 10 mL of water to each tube. Stopper each tube and shake thoroughly. Estimate the pH of the solution using wide-range indicator solution or wide-range test paper. Record the results. Pour the contents of the test tubes into the sink and rinse the tubes with water. http://cnx.org/content/m15483/latest/ A Breathalyzer is a device that is used to determine the amount of alcohol in an individual's blood stream. Individuals are asked to blow into a Breathalyzer. The exhaled alveolar air is used to determine the concentration of alcohol in the individual's blood stream. The ratio of breath-alcohol to blood-alcohol is 2,100:1. This means that 2,100 milliliters (ml) of alveolar air will contain the same amount of alcohol as 1 ml of blood. The device has a mouthpiece, a tube through which the individual exhales air, and a sample chamber where this air sample in analyzed. The breath sample is bubbled through a mixture of sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, silver nitrate and water. The sulfuric acid removes the alcohol from the air sample and converts it into a liquid solution. Sulfuric acid also provides the acidic conditions necessary for the reaction to take place. Silver nitrate is a catalyst in this reaction and the dichromate ion is the reactant that undergoes a color change when it reacts with ethanol. The degree of color change is directly related to the amount of ethanol in the air sample. Dichromate reagents are a dark orange-red color and are chemically transformed into chromium III ions, which are green. Potassium permanganate is another reactant that is sometimes used. Permanganate ions are purple and turn colorless with the oxidation of ethanol. These color changes are the basis of the Breathalyzer.

Damn french fries........

That actually could work! When I got my MRI, the tech asked me if I used to grind metal and if so if I ever got any metal splinters in my eye because the MRI magnet would rip it out and tear up my eye.......I guess he was correct... It the chemistry dept at your local university happens to have a 500 MHz or greater NMR.....that magnet might do the trick also. You would have to get real close as if you were manually tuning the probe........ Skeptic's link shows that crazy guy that likes to put things under his skin digging his neodynium implants out with a scaple. It is pretty gross..... Cool! But Cyclops and Wolverine get all the hot chicks.....

What an amazing guy! But he and his friends definitely need medication or at the least another hobby........."I first met Leen about seven years ago in one of the Voluntary Amputee mailing lists where he was inquiring about bloodless ways to amputate his left leg, at the time considering dry ice. Not long afterwards he contributed photos of his recent toe amputations and other body modifications to BME, and a few months ago induced an infection in one of his toes (by, among other things, standing in dirty fish ponds and soaking it in motor oil) which eventually led to half of his foot being amputated by his doctors. Outwardly Leen is a “normal” guy — other than his limp, without seeing his feet you’d never know of his interests. He’s a straight (and married) forty-two year old construction worker in Pretoria, South Africa, where his hobbies include motorsports, nature, working out, and reading — and still slowly working toward his dream of a LAK (“left above the knee”) amputation

I see. They actually have Paul 4/1 odds to win the Rep Primary. .....and as they come around the first corner, it's Me Laugh Ha Ha With Many Wives Divorce One On TV Rudy G at 9/5 in the lead barely in front of One Wife Too Expensive To Divorce Her Saint I Am Wierd Underdrawers Mitty R at 5/2 who is neck and neck with The Maverick Just Two Wives Daddy Was An Admiral Bomb Iran McCain at 5/2, ....with Yaba Daba Do Me Got Hot Young Wife Fred Flintstone Thompson at 7/2.....followed by Dr Go To The Next State For Your Abortion Paul at 4/1 and finally Contract With Your Sista On A Crusty Mattress Newty smelling up the behind at 10/1.............

Polls may not be science but odds-making cannot afford to be based on anything but substantial predictive criteria...... Did you notice that only 3 people have odds of less than 500/1? Hillary Clinton +200 Rudy Giuliani +300 Barack Obama +350 And did anyone else notice (or care?) that Ron Paul was not even listed in the odds? I have to really wonder why the bookies would be shying away from speculating on his chances.... Or could it have been just an oversight?

2008 Presidential Election Date Title Description Odds http://www.vegas-sportsbetting.com/searchAlline.asp?leagueid=24&leaguename=2008%20Presidential%20Election&sportID=7 Al Gore +600 Al Sharpton +50000 Alan Keyes +75000 Arnold Schwarzenegger +25000 Barack Obama +350 Bill Clinton +20000 Bill Frist +3000 Bill Maher +100000 Bill OReilly +75000 Bill Owens +10000 Bill Richardson +2500 Bob Ehrlich +5000 Bob Graham +10000 Bob Kerrey +3000 Charles Schumer +5000 Chuck Hagel +5000 Clint Eastwood +50000 Colin Powell +3000 Condoleezza Rice +2500 Dennis Kucinich +15000 Dick Cheney +10000 Dick Gephardt +6000 Donald Rumsfeld +250000 Donald Trump +250000 Elizabeth Dole +50000 Evan Bayh +4000 Gary Locke +4000 George Allen Jr +5000 George Pataki +3500 George W Bush +30000 Harold Ford Jr +6500 Hillary Clinton +200 Howard Dean +5000 Jack Kemp +5000 James Carville +75000 Jay Rockefeller +10000 Jeb Bush +3500 Jesse Jackson +15000 Jesse Ventura +50000 Joe Biden +6000 Joe Lieberman +10000 John Ashcroft +100000 John Edwards +1500 John Kerry +5000 John McCain +2000 Laura Bush +250000 Mark Warner +3000 Michael Bloomberg +15000 Michael Moore +500000 Mitt Romney +3000 Newt Gingrich +25000 Pat Robertson +100000 Paul Bremmer +10000 Paul Wolfowitz +50000 Ralph Nader +10000 Rudy Giuliani +300 Ted Kennedy +50000 Tom Daschle +7500 Tom Ridge +3000 Tom Vilsack +2500 Tommy Franks +15000 Wesley Clark +5000

Your grandma's mustache.

Announcer On Radio: We interrupt this program to bring you this bulletin from the news room. Swarms of South American killer bees have been spotted crossing the border into California. [ Killer Bee Juan enters through windwo, crosses behind sofa and puts knife to Wife's neck ] Sightings have mostly been confined to rural areas. None have yet been seen in more heavily populated areas. Killer Bee Manuel: Senor, if you want to see your wife again, you will do as I say. Announcer On Radio: Eyewitnesses say that the bees are yellow and black, and dress much the way Eli Wallach did in the movie "The Magnificant Seven". The bees are also overweight.. Killer Bee Juan: Turn off the radio! Husband: [ turns radi off ] Wait a minute.. you must be.. [ Killer Bee Leader kicks in the front door, followed by his swarm ] Killer Bee Leader: That's right, gringo.. the Killer Bees. [ Music: "Sting" ] [ SUPER: "The Killer Bees" ] Carlos, lock the door. Manuel, check upstairs. Pablo, by the window. Husband: What do you want from us? Killer Bee Leader: We want your pollen. Husband: Pollen? Killer Bee Juan: Your pollen or your wife, Senor! Husband: I don't understand. We don't have any pollen. [ Killer Bee Juan presses knife closer to Wife's neck ] I think there might be some pollen in my coat. Let me just take a look. [ walks over to coat rack and checks pockets of his coat ] No pollen there. Maybe the foyer. [ returns to couch ] Killer Bee Carlos: Nice shoes you have, gringo. Husband: Honey, what about the pollen you left in the freezer? Why don't you go get it? Oh, no, wait.. I'm wrong. Didn't we leave it at Aunt Betty's? Wife: You're right. That whole big pile of pollen is at Aunt Betty's. There is no pollen here. Husband: Say, I have an idea. Why don't you take the station wagon.. and drive over to Aunt Betty's. Wife: Well, I couldn't carry all that delicious, yummy pollen by myself. Husband: Alright. If you insist. You're right. We wouldn't want to lose one tiny speck of pollen, if we can help it. Killer Bee Leader: Silence! What do you thnk we are, fools? [ gestures to one of his Killer Bees ] Carlos! [ enter Killer Bee Carlos with Aunt Betty tied up ] Wife: Aunt Betty. Aunt Betty: I had to tell them! They made me! First, they tied me down, and then the buzzing started. That infernal buzzing. The buzzing bees hovering over me, their stingers just inches from.. Killer Bee Leader: Carlos, take her away! Killer Bee Carlos: Come on, Aunt Betty, we go for a walk.. Killer Bee Leader: Now, maybe you'll talk. Husband: [ flabbergasted ] You don't understand! We don't have any pollen. We're ordinary people - people have relatively little use for pollen. I could write you a check. I could give you ice cream. I can let you watch TV, but I can't give you pollen. Killer Bee Leader: [ dejected ] Never mind. Let the woman go. One more killing would not put polen into the mouthes of our starving children. Killer Bee Juan: [ puts down knife ] But, Diego. Killer Bee Leader: No Juan. What difference does it make? It is over now. [ two of his Killer Bees begin playing traditional, sentimental Mexican tune on guitar and violin ] [ Four Shot: Husband, Wife, Killer Bee Juan, Killer Bee Manual ] We have reached the end of our journey. If we are to go back to the village, we will go back empty-handed. Senor, my people are poor people. For many years they have worked hard. The harvest is so small for so long. I knew we had to leave, to search elsewhere to feed our young. We started to move north last April..

LOL. I laughed when I saw where someone voted for "Best Interest for the Whole Species"? It reminded me of John Belushi a la a classic SNL episode 'The Killer Bees'..."Give us your pollen". Probably only bees and ants consider the rest of their species in their actions. PS: I do what is right because of simple fear. Society will catch me and imprison me, then I will die, gnaw and knash my teeth forever, the worms will eat at my brain continuosly and my flesh will burn in eternal hellfire as I try to scratch my way out. And the worms ate into his brain.............

That is 100% correct. Old farts like me never use the internet.

I've heard that it is ozone too, but think it is more likely that it is just from the rise in humidity and moistened things getting carried ahead of the storm in the wind.

I'm pulling for Paul, but I was actually impressed by Obama in the Dem debates the other night. I'd pick him over Hillary any day. Hillary reminded me of a broken pull my string doll.

Ugh... Stick to your farm animals you pervert.

Apparatus for Harnessing Wind to Drive a Bicycle patent#: US 6932368

As a former smoker many times over, I can say with some authority that the best stop smoking tool out there is the nicotine gum. There is something to be said for trading one habit (smoking to get nicotine) for another (chewing gum to obtain nicotine). Stopping chewing is much easier than stopping smoking in large part I think because you don't get the bolus effect with chewing as you do with inhalation. No big rush of nicotine at once. What caught me off guard many times was over confidence.....going a year or so without a cigarette and then thinking I could get away with just one. BUT THAT (over confidence) IS A HUGE MISTAKE. THINKING YOU CAN GET AWAY WITH ONE IS A LIE. I used the nicotine gum to quit the last time and I can proudly say that it has been over six years and counting. In the year or two after I quit, every time I almost fell off the wagon and thought I would have just one, I went for the gum instead of the cigarette and it saved me every time. I've now been over four years without gum either. You must extract yourself from others that smoke or you'll drive yourself crazy and find it too easy to get a quick fix. I have to stay away from cigars too because once I have that nasty taste in my mouth, I will crave a cigarette for days and days. BEST OF LUCK. YOU CAN DO IT!!

I guess that we should never underestimate the power of simple name recognition in an election. That is what I attribute to both Hillary's and Rudy's success so far. I can't think of much else (except for the dual X chromosome factor for Hillary of course). My guess is that Charles Manson would get a huge percentage just on sheer name recognition alone if he were to run. "Hey, I recognize that name. It makes me feel good..." (moron in booth pulls lever and votes for Charles Manson...) The "go ahead punk, make my day" "asta la vista" factor is huge!

No one here is supporting Rudy?!?! I LOVE IT!! Now if we could just say the same for Hillary............

I know for a fact that many NIH, NSF and DARPA funded projects are biased towards the researchers' own personal agendas. The same applies to industry funded research. They are all biased towards continued funding, the interests of the researcher(s), publication acceptance, and/or the interests of the funding agencies, which often overlap or are even identical in many cases.

We are going to build you a statue oh great and powerful ruler. It shall be nude so we can stare in awe at your tiny penis.

Do you think that our current policy towards Musarraf looks a little familiar? Maybe just a little bit like our policy was towards Sadam a few years ago.....? I sure do hope it turns out better, but I'm not very optimistic.

It appears that you and I agree on most issues related to this. Those so called "programs to help the poor" are simply vehicles to control other peoples' $$ so they can manipulate it towards areas that gives them leverage. People need to wake up. And most of the money just goes towards administering the money. What a waste. The only people getting rich are the politicians, the tax law firms, investment firms and the money managers. I agree. I think transparency is the key to fairness. As long as people can hide it they will, and others will make a profit off of hiding it, and they will lobby and win to widen the holes..... what a mess. The current system is AWFUL.

The problem is he appears to be adept at playing games with the "process". He originally came to power in a military coup in '99, putting the PM in exile. When their supreme court ruled that he could not be both a Pres and a military officer (he's a general and head of the military), he fired and jailed the supreme court and replaced them with his own guys. He has also suspended the constitution, closed all private television channels and declared an emergency. Basically, they are under martial law. He keeps changes the rules. The rule as I understand it also states that he can only have 2 terms. Not counting the ones he has already extended. The paralmentary style process just gave him a second term by a huge majority. Who were they....of course they just so happen to be his guys. The new elections for parlament are in early 2008 so he hurried it up. So, what is he gonna do then? I doubt that he is going to allow a completely "fair" election. It is also apparent that he is playing both sides of the fences with the US and radical Islam.

Just because it is in your lower gut does not mean it will make its way into your bloodstream.