DrDNA

Please, I beg you; do NOT have any children. If you already have one/some, then please, let somebody else raise them. BTW: To be honest, in addition to avoiding meat, you should not use any medications or cosmetics, have any medical procedure of any sort performed, or wear shoes or belts, etc.

I think that in order to answer this question correctly, you would need just a little more information. For example, how many verticle cliffs are there on Everest, how high is each cliff, how far apart is each cliff, what is your walking speed to the first cliff, for each subsequent space between the cliffs how fast can two men carrying you on a stretcher walk from one cliff to the next before they dump your broken, mangeled, dead body over the cliffs, and how long does it take for the two men to repel down each cliff with the empty stretcher? You should probably add a few seconds here and there for picking up your dead body and putting it on the stretcher at the bottom of each cliff (total time should depend on how many cliffs)...and you should have it.

Gotcha. As InsaneA said, it should be both; NaCl.

This is the part where I am unclear. It says in the OP that your hypothesis is that UVC causes mutation. The the test I gave you will select for mutations...and you can test your hypothesis with that test......but not UVC resistance. If UVC does in fact effieciently kill your wildtype bacteria and you think that it will mutate them, then perhaps expose some to a little UVC, plate, expose these to a little more UVC, plate, expose these a little more UVC, etc etc. Until you obtain some UVC resistant "mutant" strains that survive well in the presence of UVC. Finally compare how many of the original, unexposed wildtype colonies (negative controls) live after a strong dose UVC exposure to the number of "mutant" colonies that live after the same dose. You should also do some positive controls at the same time. That is expose the bacteria to known mutagens and see how they thrive in the UVC. Another control could be to expose the wildtype bacteria to UVC and see if they can grow in the presence of antibiotics as described in the experiment I pasted. Of course you will need to figure out what kind of reps that you will for a desired level of statistical confidence, there will probably be significant trial and error, etc.

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react3.htm "....a fully occupied (6 electrons) set of bonding molecular orbitals. It is this completely filled set of bonding orbitals, or closed shell, that gives the benzene ring its thermodynamic and chemical stability, just as a filled valence shell octet confers stability on the inert gases."

IR spectroscopy resolves stretching, wagging and bending frequencies of molecular bonds. Diffferent substituents near key bonds (called fingerprint regions) can shift these frequencies. The NO2 group is electron withdrawing. OH is electron donating. A phenyl ring is a conjugated system. The position of the nitro and hydryoxyl groups (ortho vs para vs meta) on the phenyl ring affects the conjugated system and effects the bond structures of each other (and therefore the frequency shifts). The bonds that connect the nitro group to the phenyl ring (N-C=) and the hydroxy group to the phenyl ring (O-C=) change the pheny ring and change each other. In essence the fingerprint is changed by these electron withdrawing or electron donating substituents being o, p, or m on the phenyl ring. I hope I explained that clearly, if not, let me know and I'll try to clarify. You also should look up the bond shifts.

Interesting proposition, Pioneer. But I would argue that fire contains no blueprint, no information (except *perhaps* a single 0 = no fire; and a single 1 = fire) and it is not compartmentalized (it is completely open to the system in which it resides). Hence the sun is not life either. The earth on the other hand is compartmentalized.....and contains plenty of information in the form of DNA, RNA, fossil records, etc.........hmmmm.......

Have we finally reached the ultimate point of politcal correctness ..........of offending viruses or prions? Kill them I say...kill 'em all. Which brings up a point....in order to "kill" them, they must first be "alive".....

If a person doesn't care enough to vote, why would anyone want them to vote? Surely their decisions are not going to be thoughfully considered when this is the case.

That is one big, nasty looking bug. That back leg is over seven inches long. I measured it on my monitor. Were you afraid?

Dude, I'll bet I could answer this if I wasn't so drunk and stoned out of my mind..........

Alien, What about saturated or supersaturated solutions? Exter, In what sense is the term "precipitation" being used? Some, perhaps wrongly, include crystalization with precipitation. I was assuming that crystalization was included.

If "life" does not require cells, then would you require some alternate form of compartmentalization? All "life", at least all "life" as we know it, is compartmentalized and also dependent on compartmentalization. Certain of the hypotheses about the origins of life postulate that "life" as it origninated on earth likely required at least 2 primary elements; one, a blueprint that could be copied and amplified and two, compartmentalization. So, does that help answer your question? Sounds sort of like a virus doesn't it (sans a suitable host)? BTW: I, personally, would not consider a little parasitic protein container filled with DNA (or RNA) a "life" form. I believe that under that definition, a little plastic container filled with DNA (or a microcentifuge vial containing DNA), should be considered a life form and I'm not about to give all that stuff in my freezer any rights or special privliges.

Sounds like a job for your quality manager and your ops manager. Have you had a chance to discuss it with them?

I'm not offended. But I have cells, so perhaps I'm not the right one to ask.

I agree with your first list, but I don't think that Colorado, Kentucky, Montana and Wyoming are Midwest. Kentucky is the Southeast (to avoid a fight, never tell a true Kentuckian that it is a Northern or Midwestern state). Montana and Wyoming are definitely the West. I also consider Colorado (all of it) the West. But then I looked it up just for fun..... "The Midwestern United States (or Midwest) refers to the north-central states of the United States of America, specifically Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest

I am not sure that Blackwater and some other contractors (e.g., those that serve meals or clean latrines) are in the same catagory, but they should all be held accountable. If there is potential for abuse, it will likely be abused. Blackwater seems to be a loophole, much like Guantanamo is a loophole, that is being abused. Totally unacceptable.

Exactly. Do you agree?

Maybe you missed your calling Alien...........there is probably a place for you at Guantanamo......

For the most (whole?) part, the non-military combatants at Bay of Pigs were US-backed Cubans. The military is held to standards, but paid missionary forces are a big crack where standards and accountability can be conveniently neglected.

Blackwater (and any similar org) is a blite on everything the United States of America (should) stands for. I can't believe that they have been allowed to go on unrestrained for as long as they have. I still can't believe it......a cowboy missionary force fully scantioned and endorsed by the president and his cronies......Unbelievable. It is a simple get around strategy; a short circuit of the system to get around prudent checks and balances in the name of expediency, power and corruption. As an American, I am ashamed of this. Please, no stories about how missionary forces have been used in the past (E.g., Bay of Pigs, etc)......that was different and if it wasn't, it still wouldn't make it right....it was wrong then, it is wrong now.

I agree with the alien. The precipitate (or crystals) will be NaCl. Except that I believe that it will crystalize or precipitate depending on concentration and/or temp, whether or not it is completely sealed.

I believe you can easily test the wound healing hypothesis by creating several wounds (ouch!) and adding sterile solutions of acidic water vs control (neutral water). I'm not sure what kind of numbers you would need for confidence, but I'm not gonna do it............

I think that would fine, except of course until the technology inevitably fails or the driver makes a major screw up or goes on a rampage.....E.g., I can see someone acting in a dangerous manner with disregard for pedestrians and, then, when something goes wrong and someone gets killed or severly injured, many driver's/lawyers would claim: "it wasn't my/their fault, it was the car's fault".

Perhaps your confusion stems in part from major differences between eukaryotes vs prokaryotes. Eukaryotes have complex chromosomal DNA structures contained in a nucleus. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Prokayotes do have a nucleoid that has very little DNA in it. Most of their DNA is contained in plasmids....which are circular pieces of DNA that are found throughout the cytoplasm. Yeast, which are eukaryotes, also have plasmids (in addition to a nucleus). I hope that helps to clear it up for you.