As Edtharan said, we use the distance between the events (which are points in spacetime) in the same manner as we use our meterstick to measure distance in space. This is exactly like choosing our unit vector in a coordinate system. It should also be noted that all observers must agree as to the order that events occur in, even if they do not agree on the spacing between events (that is, how fast they occur).
Farsight, consider that space and time are linked through motion, such that if you understand any two of these terms, you understand all three:
velocity is the derivative of distance with respect to time
distance is the integral of velocity with respect to time
time is the integral of 1/velocity with respect to distance
For my part, I will not pretend to understand anything except the link between them.