apathy

the dipole moment

it's the angular momentum left over after orbital angular momentum is accounted for, it looked like spinning so they called it spin

you could do it with Group Theory and do the old Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) approach, this will give you at least the geometric description of the hybridization, or its symmetry at least hybridization IS possible for all orbitals, in theory, and hybridization is really the localized part of Huckel theory, which is more commonly used for delocalized orbitals

what the hell is AgCl4?? I've never heard of silver in +4 oxidation state

yeah, calcium chloride has limited solubilty in water and is probably crashing out on the surface of your pool

I don't know where you are but most chem labs in universities and companies here in the US have at the very least vent hoods and waste disposal containers to separate all the different kinds of waste, then the waste management team come and picks them up What THEY do with it is expensive and elaborate. I can't believe you are doing research on environmentally toxic materials without an adequate waste disposal system in place FIRST. Get the waste disposal system in place BEFORE you do any research. I know this may sound impractical, but so is polluting your backyard. If you were here in the US, you'd be shut down quick.

are you saying that the total concentration of the two ions is 0.1M or are each ion at 0.1M?? If the two add up to 0.1M and you are trying to figure out which fraction is I- and which is Cl-? If you know what the cation is, this is easy. If it were say, NaCl and NaI dissolved up to where the total concentration was 0.1M then you just accurately measure a volume of the solution (assuming that is is precisely 0.1M) and evaporate it, and weigh the remaining salt. If it was all NaCl, then it will have a certain predictable mass. If it were all NaI then it would have more mass. Your mass will be somewhere in between. With a little simple math you can find the molar percentages of Cl- and I-.

primary structure is the sequence of amino acids secondary structures are formed when the amino acid chain curls up into helixes or sheets ,most commonly tertiary structure is pretty much the overall shape that the protein folds itslef into then quaternary structure would be if there are different subunits that assemble into a larger structure protein purification is an art, it's not so easy for most proteins here is a nice description: http://www.biotech.vt.edu/classes/bion_4784/9-ProteinPurification/ProteinPurification.html different spectroscopic methods you could use on proteins are things like IR, and NMR or proteins is really big an hot right now, mass spec, while not really "spectroscopic" it's more "spectrometric" is very useful, especially MALDI-TOF MS

the only way to predict the products in a reaction is to work from what you know, but just looking at a couple of chemical formulas, you can't honestly predict the reactants, a priori. You have to already know something about the reaction, or a reaction that is similar to it. Say, when learning organic chemistry, you are usually taught about classes of reactions and what they do, and then they give you a test that asks you to predict the products based on what you learned in class. But if you were to be given the chemical formulas for some reactants and be asked to predict the outcome of the reaction with no prior knowledge then that would be very difficult. Nowadays, though, there are computational methods that can simulate all the wavefunctions, etc. involved and calculate the relative energies of certain molecular configurations and whatnot, and that can be a way to predict the product of a reaction, but doing that on anything but very simple systems becomes quite a task. Then after all that, it's usually an approximation so you still can't be 100% sure.

yes, exactly Quote from kjitta: "I prefere to think of EM radiation as a stream of photons whos statistical behavoir assimilate wave properties." i'm too lazy to go looking up papers right now but there have been experiments where one photon, or was it one electron, showed an interference pattern in a slit set-up

Please do go into more detail. There are energy conversion mechanisms all over the place called molecules. They get excitied by radiant energy (light) and change and do all the cool things they do. Given time, certain reactions might couple so that a thermodynamically unfavored reaction is powered by a thermodynamically favored one. This is mostly how life works to build complexity and there never needs to be any violation of any thermodynamic laws. How is there a fossil record with no evolution? Why do we see evolution happening around us all the time, albeit at a slow pace for more complex organisms, but at a faster rate for simple ones, ie microbes? oh, btw, creationism is not a theory. it's not even a hypothesis. a hypothesis has to be testable, once its passed a test or two, it becomes a theory. evolutionary theory has passed quite a few tests, and since most of modern biology wouldn't work without it, it's a pretty indispensible theory