Tian_07

okay my theory on the reason that HF is so strong is because of the strong conjugate base (F-)... an acid's strength is based on the electronegativity of the central atom in an oxoacid and the conjugate base in a binary acid... in this case, F- has an electronegativity of 4.00, and therefore, will attract the hydrogen atom strongly... so it is a weaker acid. HOWEVER, the F- ion is the most reactive of all of the non metals in the whole periodic table, so when the h+ ion has reacted, it tends to react with some of the strongest things, such as glass and other substances, either covalently or electrovalently... so in turn, it seems "strong"... but really is rather weak... HCl and HI are stronger acids than HF, but their conjugate bases are not that reactive... and they would not seem less corrosive... this is my theory... but i could be wrong... so if anyone could reply to me about the "Free F- ion being damned reactive" thing. i'd greatly appreciate it.

ok... mix it in proportion to this mixture: 75 NaNO3 15 C (charcoal) (Measured in moles i believe) 10 S (sulfur) make sure all of the components are pretty damn well powdered... and do not grind dis while its mixed... because it will likely explode... this is sort of mealpowder... u can refine it further to make a counterpart of black powder i think

My favourite experiment screwup... melting wax to use in some melting point experiment or summat... and my friend dupmed a half beaker of cold distilled water into the wax... needless to say... w were cleaning up splattered wax for a long time... and we couldnt eva get all of the wax off... its like the oil effect i guess -_-''

Woah... I Can see this thread had grown since i left.... Been on a short vaca, so havent had much 2 post... but im ordering my chemicals and stuff right now, and they're coming... im going ot do some fireworks stuff... generally single shot aerials and starmines... im not VERY experienced, but i do have a decent background in this stuff... can anyone tell me whether black powder is sufficient to detonate PVC when compacted and pressed inside of it, then fused? (just wondering) cheerz (and let the thread g-r-o-w) Keep posting

thx. ill remember the 1.7 thing... and the polyatomic ion thing i kinda knew... thx

Hey... Anyone have the voltage I would need to create an electrolysis cell, mainly to make NaClO3 from NaCl... does anyone have the proper volage I could use for the cell with Carbon Electrodes? Or better yet.. does anyone have a good way to hook up AC power to the cell? thanx

Sorry... I meant formula... like NaHSO4 or NaCl... Bad Terminology...

lol Probably... O well... ur chemistry seems pretty good... Keep in touch;) Since im in Malaysia, its the International GCSE's so may be different... but in any case... thxz

Some chemicals, like NaOCl (Bleach) emit smell after breaking down for a while, and giving off the chlorine... others like NaOH may break down.. but im not sure.... As for the CO2, im not sure... i think it has something to do with the heat and the fact that theyre more energized than O2... but im not sure... cheerz

Thatz true... lol im in form 3/ Grade 9 level.. next year ill be in GCSE. But i studied under canadian syllabus for 7 years. so maybe we learned some different things, or terms for it. True though that the H+ OH- attraction is the driving force. Theres the basic point i believe. Cheerz

O... ic... sorry... i was taught that the H+ ion is attracted to water itself... as water is an amphiprotic solvent... so it accepts the H+ by acting as a base in this case, to form the H3O+ ion, acting as an acid. True that the H+ ion is released into the water, but it is a result of water being amphiprotic and accepting this extra H+ ion that acids work the way they do. Amphiprotic, by the way (i think u probably know) is when a substance can act as a base and acid, thereby declaring it neutral. i could be wrong... so if neone has anything more on this correct me cheerz

Ionic Compounds are made by electronic attraction, and, therefore, break back into the original ions (Na+ and Cl- for Sodium Chloride) when dissolved into water or amphiprotic solvent. All acids and Bases work on this principle. Covalent Molecules are actually individual molecules, and are bonded by their valance electorn configuration. Ionic Compounds are different in the sense that they are... yeah... just ratios... but covalent molecules are actually individuals. How does one actually differentiate an ionic from covalent using only the name? Is there a proper way... or is it memorization of formulas. I know about ions and stuff... but not too much... anyone got anythin on this? Cheerz

Well H+ and H2O ions = H3O right... I Guess You Could say H+ as well... But like i said ... [H3O is actually (H+) and (H2O)] sorry if im gettin confusing... cheerz

K... heres something for the ppl in gcse levels and stuff Acid + Base (Hydroxide) --> Salt+Water Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen Gas Acid dissolved in water will ionize into two ions: H3O+ ion and the Ion of the conjugate base x- eg. HC2H3O2 in water will become H3O+ C2H3O2- A Metal Hydroxide Dissolved in Water will become Metal (+) ion and OH- ion eg. NaOH dissolved: Na+ OH- The Driving Force to create the salt and water thing is the attraction between the H3O+ and OH- [H3O is actually (H+) and (H2O)] to create the covalent compound water... H2O The remaining ions just bond together to form the salt... Hope that helpz.... chill out

There are some periodic tables which do place one of the hydrogen blocks above the halogens... i gues thats y... and yeah ive heard the name hydronium before. ITs supposed to be the resulting ion of an acid dissolved in water... hydride... other than lithium hydride... can someone give me a example of a hydride... because on the tables nowadays... I only c the H+ atom... no more H- thx

Just wondering if there are any other pyrochemz out there.... if there are... lets start a thread... on pyrochem only... btw just wonderin what is the easiest flash to make,... like with the easiest ingredients to obtain... post lots chill out and have fun

And bout the sani flush... just keep in mind when workin a chem riaction between it and another chemical... its NaHSO4 not H2SO4... Slightly different... cheerz

k... i looked at some msds for P2O5 (ok i look at MSDS alot) and it says that if you maix pure P2O5 in water, you get alot of phosphoric acid... its pretty weak but ive heard the reaction is damned hot -_-''

What is your chlorinating agent?

k... we know dat Vinegar and baking soda make CO2 and that H2O2 and MnO2 make oxygen... but the point is... wuld it be efficient to get off the island,... i mean if you really want to power the boat by expansion of gases, why not get a huge@$$ bottle rocket (6 KNO3 + 2 C11H22O11) and light her off... even then you probably still couldnt get enough power... ok i dont know if this is right... but the chemical equation go as follows between vinegar and baking soda... C2H4O2 + NaHCO3 --> CO2 + H20 + NaC2H3O2 that should be balanced... Acetic acid + Sodium Bicarbonate --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sodium Acetate cheerz (and by the way... id use the oars... theyll get you alot further...)

Thx. I may not b able 2 find it here in Malaysia... small town I live in... oh well.. if i can ill try to find some other alternative oxidizer.. KNO3 or sumfin thanx neway

Hey, How would you go about making NaClO3 from NaOCl and NaCl in Aqueous solution? I saw an article saying that you could boil them together... and it would make NaClO3... im a bit skeptical bout that so can neone tell me how that workz? or can neone tell me a way i can get NaClO3 easily without this NaHSO4 stuff... looked up the MSDS and itz pretty dangerous... oh well... reply bakz