elementcollector1

Proportions: Enter formula here, the measurements are in grams. http://theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/MSP/BalanceReactions Conditions: Room temperature, outside. Where do you intend to get nitric acid?

As far as I know, Theo Gray, RGB and a few others haven't been active for quite a while, if at all. Metallium is still up, but I don't know if they take samples (though they do make all their stuff), and I can't think of any other sites that *might* take such samples. If Theo were still updating his website, he would be my pick; he has lots of interesting stuff in that Periodic Table Table of his and it wouldn't hurt to add some more.

Magnesium is not reactive enough for cerium; I tried this with stochiometric quantities, and all I got was an odd green powder (this was white ceria, very pure, too. Not mine, though). Unfortunately, I did not have access to argon at the time, so it could be that all the cerium produced immediately burned away. I would suggest lithium, or as you said, sodium. Potassium is overkill... but worth a shot if the others fail.

I'm very sorry to say that none of the members in England seem to want your stuff, Hugh. Best of luck for whatever you decide to do with them...

Copper Sulfate: $1.99 at the pottery shop per pound Electricity: Kind of depends, but a good 6V battery is usually $5-10 Carbon anodes: Just buy two 6V batteries, and take the first one apart.

-Beakers -Erlenmeyer flasks -Round-bottom/Florentine flasks -Stoppers (synth. rubber) -Common sense (a lot of stuff can kill you) -Lab stand (at least 1) -Bunsen burner (with gas source) -Lab clamp(s) -Pipette(s) -Vials/Jars That should get you started just fine.

Not bad, but I have no access to welding supplies... How on earth did you manage to melt lithium in the first place? Every time I try, it either burns into a hopeless lump of oxides, nitrides, etc. or eats its way through the container (there is almost no known container that can handle molten lithium, for various reasons).

Ha! Lithium. I gave up trying to melt lithium a while ago, there's just no way to do it short of argon flow, a steel injector, and immediate ampouling under argon. Also: Can't find 'the brute'. Found plenty of other interesting designs, though.

There's a thread on this already. It has some useful stuff, use the search engine.

http://zeemaps.com/map?group=388676&add=1 That should help you as to who's in England. As for registering, the only advice I can give is to keep trying. The image thing for sciencemadness was pretty difficult for me as well, if I recall correctly. If you can't get in after a couple more tries, let me know and I'll contact the members who are in England. -EC1

In America, unfortunately. Both arsenic and uranium should be legal to sell, I think. They're both extremely hazardous, so shipping would be very, very high. For hazardous materials, shipping's going to be through the roof but a lot of members I know over at sciencemadness.org would pay a pretty penny for an inch of uranium metal, or 500g of arsenic. And some of them do live in England as well. For uranium's price, a bar like that is going to be pretty expensive, but it really depends on the gram weight of the thing. As for the arsenic, 500g has got to be worth at least $100. The only site I found that sells arsenic cheaply has 7.492g for $14.05, so you'd get over $900 if you applied the same cost ratio to your 500g. Alternatively, if you don't want to sell the whole thing or sell such expensive amounts, it might attract more customers to have the materials cut into smaller pieces, which can be sold for cheaper (and make everyone far happier). Don't sell this stuff to science clubs, because if my science club is any standard, there is no way they would allow anyone to even see these two elements, let alone examine their properties. Happy vending! -EC1

1) Offer what you have. Have prices, shipping, etc. on hand in case of inquiries. 2) If possible, sell on EBay. EBay has a known system for buying, shipping, etc. So... let's start with #1. What do you have, and what are you willing to sell it for?

One of the most common preps for calcium hydroxide is to take calcium carbonate (seashells, eggshells, etc) and heat to insanely high temperatures (hence 'calcining') to decompose to CaO (which is then dissolved in water to yield Ca(OH)2) and CO2. As you might have guessed by now, this would not affect CO2 production because the amount of CO2 absorbed by the calcium hydroxide to turn into CaCO3 is exactly the amount of CO2 given off from the decomposition of said CaCO3.

... Were you looking in the right places?

Source 1: "While the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) would have us all believe that fluoride is perfectly innocuous and safe, scientists from the EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory have classified fluoride as a "chemical having substantial evidence of developmental neurotoxicity" So's Aluminum, and you don't see it going out of fashion. Source 2: "This is why most western European nations have rejected the practice — because, in their view, the public water supply is not an appropriate place to be adding drugs, particularly when fluoride is readily available for individual use in the form of toothpaste.". Interesting. Source 3: "Fluoride can eat its way through a titanium container. Fluoride is converted in the stomach into hydrofluoric acid, an acid so strong that it cannot be stored in a glass container because it will eat the glass." Fluorine gas, and probably hydrofluoric acid as well can eat their way through a titanium container. Fluoride cannot be converted in the stomach into hydrofluoric acid, as the acid in your stomach is hydrochloric (no reaction, fluoride is the stronger anion). Debunked. Source 4: Fluoride level was apparently decreased to 0.7 mg/L, down from 1.2 mg/L. I'll discuss this a bit farther down. Source 5: "In fact, a single tube of bubble-gum flavored Colgate-for-Kids toothpaste contains enough fluoride (143 mg) to kill a childweighing less than 30 kg. (Whitford 1987a)." They would likely be choking long before they ingested the entire tube. So, I'll concentrate on Source 4 with a few bits of simple math. Here is what we know: -According to source, the U.S. has either 1.2 mg or 0.7 mg/L of fluoride ions dissolved in potable water. -The lethal dose for fluoride is 5-10g, with gastrointestinal distress occuring at 0.2-0.3g [src: http://en.wikipedia....uoride_toxicity] So, if 1.2 mg of fluoride were dissolved in, a person would have to drink 167 to 250 liters of fluoridated water to feel gastrointestinal effects, and 4,167 to 8333 liters of fluoridated water to die from fluoride poisoning. So, let's assume you drink 3 liters a day, and that the poisonous fluoride does not leave the body (which it typically does through urine). It would take you 56-83 days of drinking 3 liters per day to suffer from gastrointestinal poisoning, and 1389-2778 days for the fluoride levels to reach the lethal limit. In short, sure, fluoride is toxic. The big problem for the fluoride activists is that there is not nearly enough of it to do all that much damage from groundwater alone, so higher-potency sources must be involved. Feel free to check over my math, because I would hate to slip on some calculation and find the results above entirely wrong. Oh, and thanks for providing sources. Seriously, I know a lot of people who wouldn't do that, and would instead flame the board until they were banned. EDIT: @Phi: ...It's on!

This is a website focused on science. Science is not dedicated to proving itself, that's pseudoscience. You have failed to provide adequate data for your theories, and without said data, we can only come to the conclusion that your theories are false. EDIT: Darn you Phi, you beat me to it!

The formation of potassium from KOH and Mg with a tert-butanol catalyst goes against 'conventional chemistry' (the reactivity series, namely), but it's been done. Have any chemical tests for presence of calcium metal (distinguished from presence of aluminum metal + sulfides + oxides)? Also, the orange flame test is not fully accurate; if there is even a little bit of sodium in the mix for whatever reason it will mask anything and everything else. Calcium metal should burn with a brick-red flame, according to the Wiki throw. Unless anyone else has some calcium metal to spare, that leaves me to do the tests. Off to reconnect the blowtorch! >

I wouldn't think this would work, at least not under standard temperature and pressure and such. Like you said, "like dissolves like". At low concentration of ethanol, it dissolves in the water. At higher concentrations, the water dissolves in the ethanol.

Vacuum distill. Or evaporate down the product until stuff (be that percarbonate, carbonate or whatever forms) crystallizes out.

If I had to guess, it would probably be because at higher temperatures, the gas molecules are bouncing around more rapidly and thus more able to leave solution due to their energy. Anyone else?

Try boiling bromine. Much, MUCH worse.

On another note, did a little research on ScienceMadness. Apparently, below a 35% H2O2 eutectic, the higher concentration of H2O2 freezes first, allowing for concentration. Above that, the mix freezes all at once, making separation by repeated freezings impossible. ^Don't know if I worded that quite right, but I hope you got the gist.

Just put some 3% H2O2 in the freezer an hour ago, and already half the mass is frozen. It appears to freeze sooner than regular water. Could repeated freezing work? EDIT: Ahaha, my flesh burned for a bit there. Anyway, results were right on target with ~30%, as I spilled some on myself and noticed immediate, short-term whitening of the skin and a very strong 'burning' feeling for a few seconds. It wasn't the icy temperature, it was too short (and my hands were still numb anyways).

Nope, not really... What would you think about freezing regular 3% to get around 15% H2O2, and then vacuum distilling that? Could work, or could give you the 20% variety? I can try freezing some regular H2O2, but I wouldn't know how to titrate (MnO2, calculate moles of oxygen released?)

Yes. Dopamine is the chemical emitted when the pleasure centers of the brain are stimulated, whether by love or by drugs. The end result is the same, resulting in a feeling of euphoria, and withdrawal effects are the same. Differences? One method involves drugs, and the other involves an object of your affection.