pengkuan

Displacement Current Paradox 8 July 2012 I have exposed 3 inconsistencies of the Lorentz force law in several articles, these inconsistencies are about Lorentz force, but they can also be about magnetic field. So, let us examine the Maxwell–Ampere equation. Displacement current creates magnetic field in free space. For example, on a conductor sphere been charged by an alternate current (see the Figure 1), the electric charge varies, the electric displacement field D varies and the variation of D creates a magnetic field around the sphere. Let us calculate this magnetic field. Please read the following document Displacement Current Paradox http://pengkuanem.bl...nt-paradox.html

Non Loop EMF Experiment In order to test EMF creation by Lorentz force, I have proposed an experiment in the article Lorentz' EMF Experiment. But, this experiment is difficult to implement because the process of measurement is complicated: put the bar in place, communicate it a speed, remove it, stop, measure the tension. One has to resume this again and again. Here is a better design that permits continuous measurement of the EMF created by the bar in a non loop setup. This design uses 2 isolated metallic spheres as condensers, which is illustrated in the Figure 1 (a). In this figure a battery charges the 2 spheres that stock electrostatic charge. ................. Please read the following document Non Loop EMF Experiment http://pengkuanem.bl...experiment.html

B-Cutting Solution Curiously, the Lorentz' EMF paradox permits to solve the B-cutting paradox. I have proven that EMF generation by cutting magnetic field line violated the energy conservation law and that a wire moving in a magnetic field did not create EMF. ............. The energy conservation law is respected when the correct law of magnetic force and Faraday's law are applied instead of the Lorentz force law and Lorentz' EMF. This simple case illustrates the solution of the B-cutting paradox. Please read the following document B-Cutting Solution http://pengkuanem.bl...g-solution.html

Thank you. The first post was about a numerical computation. I have done more analytical study. See below. The resultant force of all internal force of an object must be 0. I have proven that the integral of the Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil is not 0. Please read Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force http://pengkuanem.bl...istence-of.html Proof of the remaining resultant Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil http://pengkuanem.bl...nternal-to.html Synthesis of the inconsistency of the Lorentz force law http://pengkuanem.bl.../synthesis.html If this were right, this will violate the energy conservation law: Make a triangular coil , let the coil move in the direction of the resultant force S. Since the magnetic flux passing through the coil is constant, the current will not do any work. But S would do a work in the movement, creating a quantity of energy. Please read Paradoxes and solutions about Lorentz force law http://pengkuanem.bl...lete-study.html

Lorentz' EMF Experiment I have explained the inconsistency of the theory of EMF generation by Lorentz force in the article Lorentz' EMF paradox https://docs.google....cTlqdS0wclkzTXc The last argument of this article is that the capacitor would not be charged by the bar moving in a magnetic field (see the Figure 3 of Lorentz' EMF paradox). This argument needs more explanation. Let us see how a capacitor is charged by an electrostatic field. In the Figure 1, a plate capacitor is charged by the charged rod nearby because free electrons are pushed by the electrostatic field and move into the top plate through the wire. Please read the following document Lorentz' EMF Experiment Lorentz EMF experiment.pdf https://docs.google....eXFqS1c5UnFMVWM

Lorentz' EMF paradox Peng Kuan Thursday, May 31, 2012 One basic notion in the electromagnetic theory is the generation of electromotive force (EMF) by a conductor moving in a magnetic field. This EMF is said to be created by Lorentz force. However, I have shown that the energy conservation law is violated by this explanation. The rigorous proof is in the article B-cutting paradox https://docs.google....RzRITFgtdzA5VHc So, there is a need to better understand the mechanism of EMF generation by Lorentz force. Please read the following document. Lorentz EMF.pdf Lorentz' EMF paradox https://docs.google....cTlqdS0wclkzTXc

B-cutting paradox Peng Kuan email removed Tuesday, May 22, 2012 In several articles I have shown one inconsistency of the Lorentz force law, that Lorentz force internal to a coil violates the third Newton's law. Below are some links: Synthesis of the inconsistency of the Lorentz force law Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force Proof of the remaining resultant Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil The Lorentz force law is also used to interpret the generation of an electromotive force in a coil with a wire moving in a magnetic field. Let us look at the Figure 1 in which a rectangular coil with a movable wire is shown. The movable wire is the bar conductor of length l that is constrained to move at the velocity v. An electrical generator provides a current I in the coil that creates a magnetic field B. As the bar conductor moves, it cuts the force lines of the magnetic field B. This is the "B-cutting" action referred in the title ............ Please read the following document B cutting.pdf https://docs.google....RzRITFgtdzA5VHc

Curve shape of the magnetic torques Peng Kuan 彭宽 Friday, May 11, 2012 In the article The Lorentz torque experiment, I have given the design of an experiment that tests the predictions of the Lorentz force law and the differential Ampere's force law. The predicted outcome of the experiment is a single-humped curve for the Lorentz force law and double-humped curve for the differential Ampere's force law. This difference of curve's shape is dependent on the coil's dimension. To avoid the confusion that the curve is always single-humped for the Lorentz force law and double-humped for the differential Ampere's force law, I give here the numerical results for coils of 4 different dimensions. The calculation method is described in the article Calculation of the Lorentz' Torque and the Ampere's torque .......... Please read the following document torque_curve.pdf https://docs.google....dUFFUnNpak5IMkE

Comparison of the 2 magnetic force laws Peng Kuan 彭宽 Saturday, May 05, 2012 I have given the correct magnetic force law in the article «Correct differential magnetic force law », named the differential Ampere's force law. Is this law really correct? The unique way to certainty is experiment. However, we can still do theoretical analysis to get more confidence. For example, comparing the comportment of the 2 laws in some particular cases. Let us analyze the magnetic force internal to a triangular coil and near the summits (see the Figure 1). ...... Please read the following document. https://docs.google....WEx2NjBPRU1HX3c Comparaison.pdf

Calculation of the Lorentz' Torque and the Ampere's torque Peng Kuan 彭宽 Thursday, May 03, 2012 In the article «The Lorentz torque experiment», I have proposed an experiment to test the Lorentz force law and the differential Ampere's force law. The theoretical predictions of the torque on a coil according to the Lorentz force law and the differential Ampere's force law give different values. The experimental measurement will confirm one law and refute the other. The curve of the Lorentz' torque and the Ampere's torque are drawn in the Figure 1. It is important for the experimenters to know how to do this calculation and why the values are so different. Below is the explanation..... Please read the document below torque calculation.pdf https://docs.google....aXJmWkdHLXdTMzQ

Correct differential magnetic force law Peng Kuan 彭宽 Tuesday, May 01, 2012 The Internal Lorentz force inconsistency is illustrated by the many contradictions I have provided (read the following documents) Synthesis of the inconsistency of the Lorentz force law Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force Proof of the remaining resultant Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil All Documents Links These contradictions are sufficient evidences to break the Lorentz force law down. But how would physics be without the Lorentz force law? In fact, the correct magnetic force law is already there and the above contradictions were demonstrated to clear the way. Indeed, the Lorentz force law is so strong in the mind of physicists that no one accepts a new law without the old one proven to be false. ...... Please read https://docs.google....SmNXLWNPYlBIQ1E Differential.pdf

Thank you

Synthesis of the inconsistency of theLorentz force law I have given several proofs of an inconsistency of the Lorentz force law, for example, in "Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force" In this article, I have proven mathematically that the Lorentz force internal to a triangle coil cannot sum to0, because the magnitude of the Lorentz force is approximately a parabola of the height whereas the force that makes 0 sum varies linearly with the height. One of the objections to me is: "Your mathematics are wrong". This objection could be receivable if this were an unique mathematical proof. But this is not the case, for I have given an other mathematical proof, in "Proof of the remaining resultant Lorentz forceinternal to a triangular coil" ........... Please read the attached document or the link geometry.pdf https://docs.google....d2ZMWUp0Slp6bmM

Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force https://docs.google....T0ZfaXdpenFvSjA

Mathematical cause of the existence of the remaining resultant internal Lorentz force 19 avril 2012 I have given a rigorous proof of the existence of a remaining resultant Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil and a numerical computation that confirms this proof: Proof of the remaining resultant Lorentz force internal to a triangular coil https://docs.google....a0lsRlVfSXpYbWM Why the Lorentz force law cannot respect the third Newton's law? What is the mathematical cause that leads to this inconsistency? Let us examine the effect of the characteristic perpendicularity of the Lorentz force with the current. Take a triangle with height h and base a+b (see the Figure 1). Mechanism.pdf

Rigorous proof of the flaw of the Lorentz force Law Analyze of the Lorentz forces internal to an triangular coil Personal information removed. 12 April 2012 The Lorentz force respects the third Newton's law. Is the Lorentz force internal to a coil consistent with the thirdNewton's law ? Let us analyze the triangular coil ABC in the Figure 1; the current is I . Each side feels a Lorentz force from the magnetic field of the coil itself. The resultant force of all the Lorentz forces on the 3 sides is the double integrated F in the Figure. I have done a numerical computation for a triangular coil with base length of 1 and height of 10. The calculated force is dimensionless and the value of the overall resultant force is (see the Figure 2): S= 35.21 ey This force is not 0, violating the third Newton's law. In general, this value suffices to prove that the Lorentz force law is flawed, because only one counter example is sufficient to topple a general law. However, to exclude any doubt about the accuracy of this numerical calculation, I have done a rigorous analytical proof, which gives the expression of the dimensionless resultant force for a isosceles triangular coil, Fres given in the Figure. Thus, the analytical method proves without a doubt that the Lorentz force law is flawed. The mathematical derivation of the proof is given in the Mathematical Proof (see pdf link) The mathematical proof is in the pdf document and the following jpeg Analyze of the Lorentz forces internal to an triangular coil https://docs.google....a0lsRlVfSXpYbWM And the complete study Paradoxes and solutions about Lorentz force law https://docs.google....vcDlTMjdYMXMydw

I need help PengKuan 2 April 2012 No, I do not need money. The help I need is you, young and enthusiastic physicists. I need your hand, your faith in physics, your belief in the progress of physics. I need some experiments to be done, some ground-breaking ones. The standard theory of electromagnetism with more than 150 years has proven its great value. However, its merit must not impede the improvement of our understanding of the electromagnetic phenomena. I have found some new knowledge on electromagnetism. The big problem is that this finding contradicts the standard theory, and the wall I encountered in the physical community is harder than the Great Wall of China. Actually, the mainstream physicists believe in the Maxwell system like a religion, and all questioning of it is rejected without consideration. This immediate refusal constitutes the greatest obstacle of progress. History has many lessons for us. The refusal of reconsideration of the geocentrism has prevented the heliocentrism to be known. So, never refuse to think that our present knowledge is wrong, no matter how exact it was until now. If we have an alternative theory, why not see if it were right? Do not blind our eyes by believing that the last theory is the ultimate one. Horizon can never be reached, but by trying to approach it, we will find new horizon. The best way to decide which horse is the fastest is to make them contest. The best way to decide which theory is best is to do experiment. You, our generation's physicists who may complain not to live in a glorious epoch, who dream to make great discovery, do the experiment I propose. It confronts the predictions of the Lorentz force law and that of the differential Ampere's force law. The outcome of experiment is the only judge. Galileo discovered acceleration by experiment and proved that Aristotle was wrong. Dare to be the Galileo of today by uncovering hidden nature of magnetic force and proving that Lorentz was wrong. Do not fear failure, failure is an aphrodisiac of sciences that gives birth to beautiful children. Do not fear to appear ridiculous. Nothing is more ridiculous than to assert that train will shorten when moving fast. Ridiculousness to the contemporary, to the standard theory, is a characteristic of all great scientists and great ideas. Make the true force reveal! It will be "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind"! It will not be my step, but yours. So, let's go. [link removed by moderator] The Lorentz torque experiment The paradoxes have shown the deficiency of the Lorentz force law; the differential Ampere's force law (an improvement of the Lorentz force law) has successfully solved all these paradoxes. It is however necessary to confirm by new experiments never carried out before. A success will show the flaw of the Lorentz force law and prove the new law experimentally. Below is the design of the experiment. The suggested experiment makes 2 rectangular coils interact. The coil 1 is horizontal, the coil 2 is tilted at an angle with respect to the coil 1 (See the Figure 1). The magnetic force will create a torque on the 2 coils, which are calculated numerically. For the detail of the calculation, please read « Paradoxes and solutions about Lorentz force law». The parameters for the calculation are as follow: The dimensions of the horizontal coil: lx=0.4 m, ly=0.8 m The dimensions of the tilted coil: lx=0.36 m, ly=0.144 m The current in the 2 coils: I=3000 A·turn The torques in N·m predicted by the Lorentz force law and the differential Ampere's force law are the 2 curves drawn in the Figure 3. The torque varies with respect to the angle between the 2 coils. For angle between 0° and 180°, the torque predicted by the Lorentz force law draws a single-hump-shaped curve, whereas the prediction of the differential Ampere's force law draws a double-hump-shaped curve. The values of the predictions are very different. At 90°, the Lorentz force law predicts 1.2755 N·m, against 0.1877 N·m for the differential Ampere's force law. The shapes of the curves are very distinguishable. If the measured data has a double-hump shape, the magnetic force follows the differential Ampere's force law; if the measured data has a single-hump shape, the magnetic force follows the Lorentz force law. The quantity of wire is calculated here. The lengths of each turn of the 2 coils are: l1=(0.4+0.8)*2=2.4 m l2=(0.36+0.144)*2=1.008 m For coils of 3 000 turns in each, the lengths of wire are: L1 = 7 200 m L2 = 3 024 m The total length of wire needed is: 10 224 m If we measure the force on the top of the coil 2, at angle 20°, the expected force is: F0 = 0.4450 N·m / 0.072 m = 6.18 N We can use currents of different values, coils with different number of turn. The expected forces at angle 20° with the corresponding currents, wire lengths are given in the Table 1. The torque can be measured using diverse methods. In Figure 2 the torque is measured by a balance that has the advantage of amplifying the force and good precision. For each fixed angle, the counterweight will be adjusted so that the balance beam stays horizontal. Then, the position of the counterweight gives the torque directly if appropriately marked.

Thanks and goodbye.

There is no reason to believe that you do not mistake in your mind.

I have broken this triangle into 200 pieces. And for each piece, I have integrate the other 199 pieces. The number on the figure is the result. If you compute with the software you like, you wil get the same value. http://www.sciencefo...40110_thumb.jpg

This means that if we want to analyze dl , it must be in the magnetic field of the entire loop, isn't it? If we compute the magnetic field by cutting the ring into 1 000 pieces, at each point, we have to add the elementary magnetic filed from the 1 000 pieces using Biot-savart law?

This is exactly what I did for my numerical calculations. You would say "do it properly, your math is flawed". If you do it with a commercial software, you would find the same results.

In this logic, a ring coil do not receive Lorentz force when a current is in it. Or one can not analyse the Lorentz force on a element of the ring, of length dl, because the magnetic field on dl is necessary from the rest of the coil, which is not complete.

Analyze of the Lorentz forces internal to an equilateral triangle coil Take an equilateral triangle coil shown in the Figure 1, which is rigid to obtain the resultant of the forces on all sides; a current I flows in it. Each sides would feel a Lorentz force from the magnetic field of the other sides. Due to the magnetic field of the base side Sb , the force on the left side Sl is Fbl;the force on the right side Sr, is Fbr. So, the force that the base exerts on the 2 upper sides is the sum: Rup= Fbl + Fbr Due to the magnetic field of Sl, the force on Sb is Flb; due to the magnetic field of Sr , the force on Sb is Frb. So,the force that the upper ensemble Sl + Sr exerts on the base is the sum: Rb= Flb + Frb Rb and Rup are the action forces between the 2 parts(Sb and Sl + Sr) that form the triangle. Their sum is the resultant internal force that the 2 parts exert on each other: Rnet= Rb + Rup= Flb + Frb + Fbl+ Fbr Can we find the value of Rnet?Let us examine the right and base sides and their forces. The force Fbris perpendicular to Sr , Frb is perpendicular to Sb. Because Sr and Sb have the same length, Fbrand Frb have the same magnitude and their resultant Rbrwill lay on the bisector of the angle. In the same way, we find that the resultant Rbl of the forces Fbl and Flbhas the same magnitude than Rbr but with an opposite x component. Rbr =Frb+ Fbr , Rbl = Flb+ Fbl So, the sum of Rbr and Rblwill be vertical: Rbr + Rbl= Ryey≠0 We notice that this sum is equal to Rnet: Rnet= (Frb +Fbr ) + (Flb + Fbl) = Rbr + Rbl = Ryey≠0 So, Rnet is vertical and non null. The total force internal to the coil, Rnet, must be 0 according to the principle of dynamic. But it is not, violating the third Newton's law. Rnetis predicted by the Lorentz force Law, thus, this law is in contradiction with the third Newton's law, and is flawed. Pengkuan

I admit that magnetic shields and Biot-Savart law forpart of a current loop are tricky. Below, there is neither. Lorentzforces internal to a coil, analyze and computation Take a coil of the shape shown in the Figure 1, which is made rigid by a wooden plate (yellow in theFigure 1); a current I flows in it. Each of the 5 sides wouldfeel a Lorentz force from the magnetic field of the other sides. The forces onthe left and right low sides, Sll and Srl , are Flland Frl , which are horizontal and symmetrical. The forces onthe left and right high sides, Slh and Srh , are Flhand Frh , which are perpendicular to their sides and make anangle between them. The force on the base side, Sb, is Fb,which is vertical. These forces are internal to the coil. Whatis the sum of Fll , Frl , Flh, Frh and Fb? Flland Frl cancel because of symmetry. The x components of Flhand Frh cancel because of symmetry but their y components makea vertical resultant force Ftop. So, the sum of these forcesis: R=Fll + Frl+ Flh+ Frh + Fb = 0 + Ftop+ Fb As R is the sum of all internalforces, it must be 0. However, this requires that Ftop and Fbhave the same magnitude. Is this condition fulfilled? Let us analyze a coil havinglong vertical sides Sll and Srl. For this coil, the top andbase sides are distant from each other. For sufficiently long vertical sides, theintensity of magnetic field being inversely proportional to the square of thedistance, the magnetic field from the base becomes negligible at the top andvice versa. In this case, the Lorentz force on the base and the top due to the oppositesides are very weak. In fact, from a certain length of Sll and Srl,Fb and Ftop become independent to theopposite sides. Ftop depends on the angle of the top. When this angle varies, Ftopvaries strongly. But Fb will stay unchanged since thedistance is large. Because of the variability of Ftop and theconstancy of Fb, they do not have the same intensity. Hence,the resultant force R is not constantly 0. R is the sumof all internal forces, but is not 0. This is a violation of the third Newton's law. As Ris predicted by the Lorentz force law, the latter is not consistent with thethird Newton's law. Above we have used distance to separate thetop and the base in terms of magnetic field. In reality, this trick is notnecessary. The resultant of internal Lorentz forces is non null even forordinary triangle. The Figure2 gives the result of a computation for the shown trianglecoil. The base line is 1 and the height is 10. The values of the forces on allsides are given in the figure, they are dimensionless. The resultant force is: R=24.77 This is not permitted by the fundamentallaws of dynamic. The analyze and the numerical example have shown that theLorentz force law does not predict correct internal forces. Thus it is flawed.