jimmydasaint

I think you read it correctly but these are biopolymer machines. They could be used to make sensory robots but degrade after 2 cycles of growth. It is a superb and nnovative use of the replicating properties of DNA but very much in its infancy IMO.

Superb - I have to check this out. Thank you. Hope it is royalty free.

Thank you Bufofrog. I will try it out. How is Corel Draw?

Hi all out there, I am writing a short summary article on biological molecules etc... for my school and perhaps for the wider community. I want to make my article exciting by incorporating scientific images. I want to make it more exciting and include images of amino acids etc... but showing each individual atom. Is there animation/image software available for science education purposes? Alternatively, is there low cost software that can help me to bring my article to life? for example, something like this: Thanks, in advance

This is more appropriate for a religion forum. If you have a scientific version of this question, please make the enquiry. However, IMHO most people on this forum do not agree that humans have souls. (I do but I am in the minority). Also, IMO, most people on this forum believe that chemical reactions in neurons cause our feeling of "self". Some of the replies were hilarious, you have to admit it....

Does this mean that a time may arrive when we can stop using GPS and avoid silly incidents like that below?

Thank you for the reply. I will look up each of the developments. This is fascinating material. I am sure you are an inspiring lecturer with your sheer breadth of knowledge. Please do not leave this Forum. Have a good day. Jimmy

As far as I recall, the evidence for subatomic particles and most molecular biological phenomena is indirect. However, at least the electromagnetic spectrum interacts with all matter and we can "see" a pellet of DNA at the bottom of an Eppendorf. How on Earth do you have conclusive proof where the whole of the electromagnetic spectrum does not allow access to it. I could hypothesise that God has ordered the angels to push apart galaxies and expand space and I can use the same evidence that you have used. Where there are galaxies with apparent less dark matter, there are just fewer angels.

I'lll be honest and say that I don't know much about this subject. However, what would be conclusive is the actual measurement and characterisation of dark matter otherwise we might as speculate that leprechauns or unicorns cause the expansion of space/galaxies from each other. So, IMHO, dark matter is a hypothesis that fits in with the current data but we cannot say more about it yet but speculate. Even the authors are being cautious. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0d92/meta

Hi Charon Y, I do try to keep with literature for my Yr 12 and 13 (A level) classes. I also try to incorporate information from papers in these lessons if it is not available in textbooks. I was not aware that live interactions between organelles have been "seen" for such a long tie. I did use fluorescent imaging and observed shedding of fluorescent proteins using a confocal light microscope many moons ago. However, I could not discern the smaller organelles (Golgi apparatus, RER etc...). I realise that parts of narratives that are incomplete are not helpful to students. However, these can be made available to bright students who are keen for extra extension to the dogma that we teach them and who can accommodate uncertainties. I agree with the misuse of titles to make each scientific discovery into a sensation. Thank you for your reply. I will look up the latest microscopy techniques if you could point me in the correct direction.

This is news to me. I have been teaching the textbook version for 21 years. It is about time that the textbooks are now changed. It amazes me that the new science is not incorporated into textbooks sooner. Great find and I will re-read this information. Electron microscopy has been such a useful tool to provide a snapshot of what goes on in cells but the fact that light microscopes have been developed which can provide intercellular interactions "live" is a most welcome innovation to cell biology.

Interesting find. I did not believe it at first but then read these quotes: https://www.quantamagazine.org/swarming-bacteria-create-an-impossible-superfluid-20180726/ There is also a model stated here: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.018001 As for having a motor driven by bacteria, that need warmth and a continuous flow of suitable nutrients - dream on!

I am so glad that China, an economically developed nation, have entered the space race in such an able manner. Let's hope that they open up data and pictures to the world in an open and unselfish way. This is a great moment for the whole of humanity - not only China and let's not be small minded here. Congratulations China!

/nice one mate. Thank you for the information.

First of all, it is no surprise that computer scientists would consider DNA as an excellent information store. Treated correctly, DNA can be frozen and kept for potentially hundreds of years if I believe the magazine article which I scanned very quickly today. Also, there are 2 billion base pairs in the entire chromosomal content of one cell nucleus which are responsible for the encoding of roughly 21,000 genes to make a human being IIRC. However, here is the bit where I need help. The article claimed that 9 base oligonucleotides could be used to code for short instructions and that 13 of these 9 base oligonucleotides could encode 13 trillion "words" of code (in the same way that sentences could be broken into words). I am assuming that I read this correctly. Not knowing coding, can someone clarify: a) What it means by words of code and b) What technique would allow this code to be read quickly enough for practical purposes? In the meantime, I will hunt for the original article...

Is there a particular model which is more plausible than others about the movement of DNA from the organelle to the nuclear chromosomes? I am making an assumption here that the genes for mitochondrial replication are spread amongst several chromosomes as a "buffer" to avoid deleterious mutations, but I could be corrected...

These are questions where I have struggled to find answers. How did instinct arise? How did it become "embedded" in species of animals? Are the changes epigenetic and passed on in subtle base modifications (e.g. methylation)? Do instincts change? The Great monarch butterfly seems to use the sun to guide itself huge distances. I wonder if the amount of sunlight is a cue that then allows instinct to fly to "kick in"? Great monarch butterfly

Are some of the genes for replication of mitochondria and chloroplasts found in the cellular chromosomes? One would need to explain why the cell's chromosomes also contribute in a pivotal way to the replication of organelles and how the genes got there in the first place. Or are the DNA plasmids found in the organelles enough for replication?

There are two papers - one on bats, including wild bats in an uncontrolled but closely observed environment. The other is on tracking wild tiger movements in habitats fragmented by humans. These are looking at end behaviours which are measurable and provide evidence. How could you provide evidence for any behaviour which is not measurable? It would not be considered evidence by you! Evidence is only provided on the end results of behaviours surely!

All behaviour is human behaviour? I am now worried! Did you read the two pieces of evidence that were presented by me, including the figures? I would certainly read them prior to such erroneous and hasty posting. Do you know that circadian rhythms in mammals are controlled in the same way as humans and that melatonin is similarly involved. Did you know that oxytocin receptors in some mammals determine nurturing behaviour of the young, which may be similar to humans? (I don't know if papers are out about this phenomenon in humans). I gave you evidence = please take time to read and consider it. All behaviour is not human behaviour and we certainly get a lot of clues about human behaviour from animal studies (e.g. Pavlov's dogs). Oh, and Science is about theory/hypothesis followed by observation and analysis. Falsification is a method for reaching objective truths; hence the carefully couched language of most scientific papers.

I see A meta-analysis is an overall view based on other analyses by other researchers. This marks a review of trends about "nocturnality". The original paper can be share here: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6394/1232 Also, because you want evidence, there is evidence of bat behaviour being affected by streetlight illumination, here: null https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2664.12206 If you go straight to the figures, you will see a very clear change in behaviour when streetlight illumination is in force. Also, there is evidence of humans affecting tiger populations by their living processes including farming: The evidence is presented about six key factors which affected tiger movement (e.g. perennial water bodies) and then presented observations and analyses about each one. You can find the paper here: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0039996 They did not look at some tiger poo and make analytical statements: they performed the field work.

Wow! What a remarkably obtuse answer! From a quick glance, this looks like a meta-analysis of 76 published studies (all of which are likely to have been peer-reviewed). The opinion reached by at maximum 76 teams of researchers who use the scientific method are likely to be better than you sitting at your computer and trying to rubbish their work. Don't talk complete garbage. Also, if you are a troll, you are likely to get caught early with your stubborn and near-sighted nonsense.

Mathgeek, I plagiarised your post here: Just to agree with what you have written. Also, it may be possible that authors who are not expert in English would be more willing to plagiarise because they might not have the range of semantic and syntactic skills to enable them to rephrase a paragraph which appears to be perfectly written from their viewpoint. In short, help should be available to rephrase a scientific statement for people who are imperfect in written English skills (I include myself in this description due to this repetitive and word-heavy paragraph which I have just written).

beecee, superb find which, IIRC, support the Classical Model. What are likely to be the fields of enquiry (no pun intended) for string theorists in the future?

I don't know about the Big Bang as an act of faith. I thought the theory had pretty strong evidential basis. Big Bang evidence As a first cause, it is pretty good. And yes I base my faith on my own train of logic and inference which is my own personal opinion based on my own reasoning. I do not expect others to follow my reasoning. Like I said, I am not here to bang on a religious book - I am sharing my thoughts and opinions. If there is evidence of consciousness/soul after death then it would back my thoughts further.