jdurg

An explanation for the hair on our bodies is actually pretty easy and has probably already been mentioned at some point in this thread. Hair in the armpits allows the sweat to condense and concentrate itself in one area. The glands in the armpits produce a lot of pheromones and the armpit hair helps those pheromones become airbone. Pubic hair exists to help out with pheromone distribution, as well as to be a beacon for the opposite gender. It kind of says "Hey, put your thing-a-ma-bob in here!".

Correct. Overpotential/voltage is not relevant to molten, non-aqueous electrolysis. In an aqueous environment, you wouldn't even be able to produce fluorine gas anyway. I believe you would just get electrolysis of the water and the remnants would be HF and NaOH which would get you right back to water and NaF again.

However capsaicin is very, VERY soluble in ethyl alcohol even if it is an aqueous solution at only 6%. So the presence of the CH3CH2OH in the beer helps dissolve the capsaicin a great deal. Drinking beer does work considerably, but a stronger drink like a scotch or bourbon will work even quicker. As a side note, keep in mind that once the capsaicin has bound to the receptors in your mouth, no matter how soluble it is in alcohol or oils it will not be pulled away. So no matter how much alcohol you drink, the capsaicin will remain bound to the pain receptors and still cause the burn. Milk is a proven winner in terms of "cooling you down" because the caesin(sp?) in milk is actually able to rip the capsaicin away from the nerve receptors and cease the effect it has.

Sorry I didn't get back to you yesterday rthmjohn, but I didn't see this posted until it was pretty late in the day. Anyway, it looks as if she is making this out to be MUCH harder than it really is. The Ksp value of AgSCN is readily available and is 1.03E-12. Molar Solubility can be found from the equation Ksp = [MS(a)][MS(b)]. (MS=Molar Solubility and this form of the equation ONLY works for a binary ionic compound). So in this case, the molar solubility of AgSCN is equal to the square root of 1.03E-12. This value, therefore, is 1.01E-6. Her method of using the solubility of AgOH would be valid ONLY if AgOH was less soluble than AgSCN. However, AgSCN is MUCH less soluble than AgOH is so the limiting factor is the solubility of the silver thiocyanate and not the silver hydroxide. So now on to the second problem. We have the Ksp of the AgSCN compound so we can calculate the concentration of Ag+ in solution in a 0.01M SCN- solution using the I.C.E. table. The molar solubility will be equal to the concentration of Ag+ at the end since one mole of Ag+ MUST come from one mole of AgSCN. For the second part, you really don't need an ICE table here as there's just two species you're worried about; Ag+ and SCN-. You know that the equillibrium concentration of Ag+ is 1.01E-6 which is the same for SCN-. Now we are adding this to a solution of 0.01 M SCN- ions. Using the Ksp of AgSCN, you get the equation 1.03E-12 = ([Ag+])(1.01E-6+0.01). Why is the concentration of Ag+ not listed as 1.01E-6? That's because the concentration of Ag+ is affected by the addition of the SCN- solution. That will readily change. The SCN- concentration will actually INCREASE from the addition of the SCN- while the Ag+ will decreased. So yeah, the Ag+ concentration does go down a bit but only in regards to equillibrium. When you do the calculations, you get a value of x of 1.03E-10 for the concentration of Ag+ ions. This makes sense as you now see that the addition of SCN- ions to the solution makes the solubility of AgSCN even less.

The word 'incompatible' means 'not compatible', and 'compatible' means "to get along, to go well together". Therefore, if something reacts readily with another substance, it would most definitely NOT be compatible.

The Ka for the NH4+ ion is only 5.6E-10 so it is most definitely not a stronger acid than acetic acid is. If everything was in equal concentrations, this is how I would arrange it based on the Ka's and Kb's of the salts. CH3COOH, NH4Br, KBr, NH4CN, KCN, KOH The cyanide ion (CN-) is actually a pretty strong base due to it's very small Ka value. Therefore, the pH of a 1.0 molar solution would be around 11 or 12. This would be higher than the NH4CN solution because the combination of NH4+ and CN- ions kind of buffer each other out so you get a pH less than 10. KBr is perfectly neutral as it's the salt of a strong acid and strong base. NH4Br is slightly acidic due to the fact that the NH4+ ion is a very weak base, and CH3COOH is the most acidic due to it's relatively large Ka value.

Steel wool in a chlorine atmosphere is a GREAT demo that should be used more often.

And in order for you to actually see an appreciable color from chlorine gas, you'd need a pretty highly localized concentration of it. At that concentration, pretty much everything around it will be killed and/or ignite.

But ferric/ferrous etc are VERY prone to confusion and can lead to some needless errors. If someone says Iron Three Oxide you know EXACTLY what compound they are talking about. If someone says Ferric oxide, if you're a bit distracted or a bit slow that day you might not get what they are saying right away. In addition, if you are talking about a compound with MULTIPLE common oxidation states, the -ous/-ic nomenclature is completely useless and a waste of time.

Also remember that right now it's tax season so the US Postal Service, as well as some other couriers, are SWAMPED with parcels to deliver. Also throw in the fact that it's Easter Weekend this coming weekend and there's a good chance that things will wind up taking a little bit longer than expected. (Especially if you shipped via the USPS).

In reality, everybody becomes momentarily deficient in Vitamin D during the night. Exposure to UV rays, and various other wavelengths of light, induces the body into the production of Vitamin D. It's this sudden change in concentration in the body that has been known to make people suddenly sneeze. So if you are inside a dark room all night, then you wake up and go outside into the sun, that sudden exposure will tend to make people sneeze. Just because you sneeze doesn't automatically mean that you are Vitamin D deficient. It just means that at that moment in time you had a sudden increase in Vitamin D production which led to the sneeze.

Vitamin D is also known to elict a "sneeze" reponse in the human body. This is why if someone who is kind of deficient in Vitamin D steps out into the sun they'll suddenly sneeze. (As the exposure of your skin to UV rays initiates the production of Vitamin D in your body).

If I remember right, toothpastes don't use a standard fluoride salt such as KF, or NaF. I think they use a sodium fluorophosphate salt which provides the fluoride needed but in a not-so-toxic form. (As plain fluorides are actually kind of toxic).

Exactly. Acid salts are typically much more water soluble than their free-base counterparts and so are able to be absorbed through the digestive tract and intravenously much more efficiently than the free-base form. Free-base compounds are typically vaporized and inhaled as their boiling point is much lower than the acid salt which makes it much easier to vaporize them. (Hence why cocaine hydrochloride is snorted. It's an acid-salt and readily dissolves in the nasal pasages. Free-base cocaine is smoked because it vaporizes readily and so is easily absorbed through the lungs).

Can't be solved. The reason for this is that potassium chloride is an ionic solid. It is not a liquid so you can not have a pure solution of it. It would be like asking how many milliliters of Frosted Flakes do you need to add to a bowl of milk to get five hundred grams of cereal.

Unless you're planning on doing something illegal with it, why would you be scared? I guess I've never been able to understand why people freak out about whether or not the government knows that they have certain chemicals. Unless you are doing something that is against the law and downright illegal, why should you be scared of the government?

Very true, and if you're not intending to purchase chemicals for the production of illegal substances then you should have no worries about purchasing from them. The only ones who would have something to worry about are those people who are doing blatantly illegal things. In that case, those people deserve to be prosecuted and punished.

I agree. We just need to wait for production of ethanol to increase greatly and for the distribution of ethanol fueling stations and ethanol capable automobiles to increase.