jdurg

Actually, a great deal is known about how and why ethanol produces intoxication. Just do some quick medical journal research.

Liquid iodine is fairly easy to make. You don't really even need a whole lot of pressure to do so. You just need a small opening in a glass container. In my element collection, I took some round iodine spheres and put them in a glass test tube which would then be melted shut. Before it was melted shut, I took the burner flame and put it under the iodine to see the nice purple vapor. Low and behold, because I2 is such a dense gas the vapor created its own 'high pressure' area and the iodine crystals began to melt into a deep purple liquid. It flowed like water and I coated the inside of the tube with it before sealing it shut. (I then re-melted it so it would stay at the bottom of my tube). But it was REALLY surprising to see it as I didn't think you could get liquid iodine unless you had some pretty good pressure over the solid element.

Again, they'd have to be close enough for the escaping alpha particles to be absorbed by the Bismuth. Then, they have to be going at the proper speed for the bismuth to absorb the alpha and transmute into astatine. Astatine is far more radioactive than Thorium is simply because it has a MUCH shorter half-life and emits more energy when it decays. If enough of the Bi converts to astatine, it can pose a pretty significant problem due to the radioactivity, but it takes a pretty good amount of time to generate a lot of At, and any that forms probably wouldn't go anywhere. If Al absorbs an alpha particle, it will throw off a neutron when it decays which is the big problem. Neutrons aren't very good for your overall health. All of this can be avoided, however, if you are properly storing your radioactive materials within glass containers which are stored within lead lined boxes.

Well, in the USA there is no such thing as OTC codeine as all opium based compounds are considered controlled substances. In our neighbors to the north (Canada), however, codeine is sold OTC.

Me thinks that YT is seeking information on the birds and the bees.

Exactly. Hence why the extremities are least affected by radiation. They don't have nearly the number of actively dividing cells that the torso and genital area have.

With ephedrine and ephedrine based compounds, it's VERY difficult to do any type of alterations to it without it being somehow related to amphetamines. The US Government and the DEA cracks down really hard on any synthesis experiments involving ephedrine since it is such a close homologue to amphetamine. With the laws that have gone into effect over the past ten years or so relating to the synthesis of 'new designer drugs', it's difficult to do much of anything with ephedrine without teetering on a very 'iffy' line of legality. (Especially since if the DEA wants to say that something's illegal they really don't need any evidence or proof). For the hydrogen cyanide problem, I know that copper (I) cyanide is not soluble in water, but if there is enough sodium ions present it does become soluble. If you could somehow liberate the HCN into a weakly basic solution that does not contain sodium ions, perhaps you could then use a simple copper nitrate or copper chloride salt to bind any free cyanide? For drug derivatives, have you thought about using derivatives of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, loperamide, etc? While I know that most of these aren't stimulants, they are common OTC drugs and generally aren't associated with 'illegal' synthesis. While I know you have no intentions on making illegal substances, it's always best to err on the side of caution when dealing with this type of stuff. Besides, it's probably not a good idea to make a controlled substance and then admit it in a paper.

You don't have to worry about storing it near your Bi and/or Al samples. Thoriated Tungsten means that it's an alloy of Th and W. As a result, the thorium atoms are heavily surrounded and mixed in with other tungsten atoms. Due to the mixing, those alpha particles aren't going to be going anywhere with much force, so the Bi and Al atoms wouldn't even be able to absorb them. If you have the sample in any type of container at all (like a plastic container or glass vial), then no alpha particles will even come out of there at all.

With the newfangled 'Patriot Act' and the horrendous way that the DEA is set up here in the USA, it's basically illegal to manufacture any type of drug out there. If the DEA wants to arrest you, they'll just say that you were trying to make a new amphetamine derivative and they'd then have the right to legally prosecute you. I know it's really dumb and stupid, but hey, that's the good ol' USA.

Certain phosphorus compounds, as YT has already mentioned, have a garlic-like odor, as do many arsenic compounds as well. Generally speaking, the garlic-like compounds tend to be VERY toxic and not good to ingest. (Tellurium compounds may have a garlic-like odor as well).

Well there is definitely an error in the initial poster's diagram as it appears as if he has the 30 degrees and 20 degrees switched on his diagram.

Hehe. Yeah, smelling garlic in a chemistry lab (unless you or your coworker had an italian lunch/dinner) is a VERY bad thing.

Advice well taken. I will NEVER eat from there ever again, and have told everyone I can about that place as well. After gallons of gatorade to replenish my nutrients, I am finally almost back to 100%. (I still have some soreness and tightness in my muscles due to the severity of the emesis, but I do have an appetite and can eat without feeling ill). One thing that has remained, and will probably always remain from this day forward, is a bit of hesitation when going out and getting food. I think I will always have that fear of getting sick once more. I guess you could call food poisoning a terrorist attack on one's digestive system.

Oh yeah, one other thing to remember. Mg for mg, White Phosphorus is as toxic, if not moreso, than cyanide salts are. That means that if for some reason you get some of this white phosphorus on your skin, you will get VERY ill and will have painful sores for quite a long time. (Unless you're unfortuneate enough to die from it).

That reaction also MUST be done in a sealed environment where absolutey ZERO oxygen exists, otherwise any phosphorus you form will immediately ignite.

Uranium salts.

Ba and water is actually kind of dissapointing. I had some spare barium shavings so I threw them in some water, and they simply fizzed like alka seltzer without much violence at all. I always imagined that it would react kind of like K or Na, but instead it reacted about the same as Li. For Rb and Cs, I have seen them both but I cannot make an accurate comparison. This is because I saw a 2 gram ingot of Rb dropped into some freshly poured tap water and the reaction was instantaneous. (The reaction vessel exploded before the Rb even got to the bottom of the water). With Cs, I only saw a tiny chunk about the size of a deer tick dropped into some absolutely still water, so while the reaction was intense, it wasn't nearly as intense as the one I saw with Rb. As a result, any comparison's on reactivity cannot be made since the reaction conditions were nowhere near the same.

If you can notice those differences, then you should head out to the CIA right now. Another analogy is like saying that a rifle shot through your brain is more/less damaging than a magnum shot going through your brain. Either way, you're dead instantly and any differences are meaningless compared to the overall result.

But there comes a point where the reaction is so extreme that you really don't see a difference in the strength of an oxidizer. It's like trying to tell the difference in temperature between a 10,000 degree object and a 1,000 degree object just by touching it. Yeah the 10,000 degree object is hotter, but the end result is exactly the same. So to tell you the truth, you would not see any difference between cesium + 15 M HNO3 and really any other strong oxidizer out there. The reaction would take place far too quickly for you to see any difference.

I always just called it a water splitting thing-a-ma-bob.

Well today I don't feel 100% better, but I do feel noticeably better. I have a lot more energy, but I still do not have an appetite. (My stomach seems to be taking a long time to digest what I've put into it). I've started slowly by drinking some gatorade and having some non-fat carbohydrates. Some easy to digest, 'light' foods are easier to take in right now. My ribcage muscles and diaphragm are still sore from that violent emesis I went through, but it's not nearly as bad as it was before. I have sent an e-mail to my state's health department to let them know about it, and I found out that a few of my coworkers who also went to McDonalds that day called in sick with the exact same symptoms I had. (And now that I think about it, my chicken nuggets were hot like they just came out of the fryer, so there's a VERY good chance that the idiots working there just didn't cook them long enough). This is just kind of funny because the other day I said that I'd like to drop a few extra inches off of my waist, but I didn't want to do it this way.

Look at NaCl. That's a classic salt which can be formed from the direct action of chlorine gas on sodium metal. No acid or base is involved. A salt does NOT have to be formed from the reaction between an acid and a base.

I2 will always sublime into a gas. There is nothing you can do about that. However, once the vapor pressure of the I2 reaches a certain point, no more will sublime as it would not be favorable to do so. So if you have a container in which no iodine can escape (hence a sealed glass ampoule), a small portion will sublime but the vapor pressure limit will soon be reached and no more will sublime. If you have a container with which the iodine can escape, then over time all of the iodine will slowly sublime. (Though I'll admit, this would take a VERY long time). If you have your iodine in an unsealed, open container, then you'll lose all of it fairly quickly.

http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?page=periodictable I have some personal preferences for this table as I am currently working on putting it together and have supplied the pictures used in the table from my own element collection. The Elementymology site is also using my pictures, with my permission of course, as well.

Thanks for the advice. I determined that if tomorrow morning I wake up and still feel ill in any sort of way, I'll take a trip down to the local clinic and get checked out.