Victoria

I haven't got sources to hand but it depends when in an organisms life the light is excluded. Exclusion of light at birth (a critical window of neuron development) has been shown in animals to prevent effective development of neuronal pathways, such that when light is finally introduced the animal remains blind. I imagine as an adult the effect would be transient, with vision returning relatively quickly. Whether your vision would return to 'normal' I have no idea, perhaps this depends on how much if any degradation of neuronal pathways may have occurred during the timescale...

A mutation put simply arises from the alteration of a DNA sequence. The causes of a mutation are numberous and effects depend on where in a DNA sequence the mutation occurs. Mutations are happening all the time but the vast majority have no effect and die with the organism. Only mutations in germ line cells may be inherited. Evolution is in terms of the species as a whole, not just an individual. Inherited germ line mutations that increase chances of survival of the organism have greater chance of being reproduced and surviving in the gene pool. There's much more to it, I'm not sure what level you're at or how much detail you're looking for...

I still haven't started my PhD and I'm 27 with a family I've never thought of it being too late

Hormones and blood glucose - insulin and glucagon should be covered at college level. They are the main two, although others such as adrenalin can be involved. You could maybe look up the blood glucose 'negative feedback mechanism' to see how insulin and glucagon work together to regulate. You could also look up 'homeostasis' for a broader read.

The problem with that is being married and in full time employment, moving around the country to find a part time Neuroscience BSc (if such a thing exists) isn't an option. The BMS and masters seems fine to get onto the Neuroscience Phd, and choosing the BMS through the NHS provides some security should my Phd plans not go ahead as intended. Thanks for the input

The standard approved BMS is the only option, since it's the only one accepted by the NHS (which is where I am now). Working in the lab is giving me plenty of much needed experience for later on. I didn't know neuroscience was covered at all in the standard BMS, I'll check that out. PhD funding comes from the government Thanks for the post. I've actually found where I want to get a studentship and the site lists the professors with their areas of research - so I'll be contacting them

I don't think my husband would appreciate me giving this one a go... How long would that glow before needing more TCPO?

If it's a matter of concentration then couldn't it be that different microorganisms can tolerate different concentrations? It's the only answer given at A Level. I'd be surprised if someone sitting degree level would be asking the question(?)

The yeast used (in wine making as an example), saccharomyces cerevisiae, is more tolerant to the levels of alcohol produced. So it's growth isn't effected like many other microorganisms would be. At least this is the explanation at A Level. Hope it helps!

I'm hoping to move into neuroscience at some point. From what I can gather there's a range of BSc subjects acceptable (including biology, biomedical science) for entrance onto more specific neurology post graduate degrees and training posts. Does anyone know if this is the case? I'm in the UK. I'll be starting a biomedical science BSc next year since I currently work in the area, but I want to make sure that I'm not making a bad undergrad choice that will mean having to do a second more relevant BSc before moving into neuroscience. Thanks in advance!

Ginkgo Biloba is the first thing that springs to mind. I've actually been taking this myself the last few months. I couldn't say if it's made a difference, I'd probably notice any benefits more if I stopped it... I have the same problem with studying at the moment. Understand everything, can pick holes in everything, but can't write about it. Reading over and over doesn't help me, writing things out over and over helps (particularly for specific words and phrases), but the one thing that helps more than anything is writing myself questions. By having to answer questions that I've made, I'm having to actually concentrate and recall information, then when I have to look up the answer I'm much more likely to remember it for next time! If you haven't already, try going through your notes picking out information to build a question sheet for yourself. Then try answering them. See if you remember better after that And one last obvious thing, if you're mass studying (reading a heap of material without a break), then you'd probably benefit from not doing that.

My husbands type 1 too, from birth. Neither of us had thought about insulin being digested, that was a very helpful thing to point out. So any person taking a glucose/insulin 'drink' a few times a week, would suffer the effects of excess glucose, a few times a week. If their diet was otherwise good, what do you think the risk of developing type 2 diabetes would be?

I saw that not so long ago... Horrible thought. Though I doubt we could reach that level of intelligence and the world still even closely resemble what it is today.

Interesting! Thanks for that

Funny enough, I work in Immunology, and in the NHS at that! Thanks for the reply. I'm hoping to angle towards neurology or endocrine, endocrine should be covered under the BMS umbrella so I'm not worried about that. Neurology, hopefully, I can do at masters, but it's not one of the BMS areas that are covered. And research would be first choice. It doesn't seem to pay too well here though, at least not in the university.

So if a person is walking around for many years, 200lbs over weight, when they lose weight they'll be able to jump over a house?

Wow, sorry I wasn't aware of any more replies on this thread! I agree, most of what lifters take and their theories are potentially damaging. Fortunately many are starting to question what they're doing and hold horses long enough to consider the consequences. That's very interesting about insulin being metabolised. I hadn't thought of that. What about the oral insulin? Maybe it's different in tablet form (I assume it's in tablet form). I'm sure some type 2 diabetics use this method.

Hi all, not sure if this is in the best place so feel free to shift it if it's not I'm only an MLA at the moment in the Pathology labs. I'll be starting my BMS degree soon but I'm seriously considering my long term options now that I've had a taste of what exactly a BMS does. I understand that once qualified, a BMS would usually specialise. What I'm wondering is, if it's a BMS degree that the person has done, would there be any other options apart from becoming an actual biomedical scientist? Like maybe heading towards another area such as neurology, or going into research? It would probably be best to do a different degree if you didn't want to be a biomedical scientist I know, but out of curiosity... There are degrees that include neurology or genetics, but I don't have that option, only straight forward BMS. Also, quickly, how reasonable is it to aim to work in biomedical research? Is there much work in the area? As far as I'm aware the majority of work in research would be contracted for X amount of years, rather than permanent positions. Thanks in advance

Ah, so insulin status is in itself a control for other processes in the body, like the uptake of certain nutrients... Then there may be method in their madness. Still I disagree with taking 'extra insulin' Thanks for the link, will have a read after lunch!

Hi all, apologies for this being my first post, and an uneducated one at that. I'm not entirely sure this is in the right part of the forum but I hope so! As far as I'm aware, the main role of insulin is it's part in control of glucose metabolism. But of course it has many other roles. What I'm curious about is these many other roles. Does anyone know what they are briefly? I'm particularly interested in any role insulin plays in the transport and uptake of 'nutrients' into cells (not counting glucose). Reason being, I've spoken with quite a few 'low carb weight lifting buffs' recently who are convinced that taking insulin in a sugar/insulin mixture to increase insulin in the body (I have no idea what it is they're drinking), is necessary to help more nutrients enter the cells after a work out - leading to increased muscle mass etc. By nutrients they mean 'protein' plus anything that is lost during a work out. The only thing I can think of is that they're replenishing glycogen stores quickly. But even then I see no urgency unless there's exceptional circumstances, if you were competing in a sport with only an hour or two between rounds for example. Personally I think what they're doing (or 'trying' to do) is absolutely ridiculous, and very dangerous if they were to start injecting insulin. But I'm not qualified enough to comment. So again, I'm very curious in any roles of insulin other than it's role with glucose metabolism. Thanks in advance