ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION: THE R/S SEQUENCE RULES
All I know is that we need a system to unambiguously name and distinguish an enantiomer of a chiral compound from its mirror image. We use the system developed by the chemists Cahn, Ingold and Prelog, which is known as the R/S system.
First Step is ranking the four substituents around the asymmetric carbon atom as 1, 2. 3 and 4, in the order of decreasing priority. Priority is established by the use of sequence rules. Substituent 1 has the highest priority > 2, > 3 and 4 the lowest priority.
Second Step is finding the position of molecule such that the group of lowest priority is pointing away from you. This process results in two, and only two, possible arrangements of the remaining substituents.
- By definition if the direction of travel 1->2->3 is clockwise (right turn)
then the configuration of the asymmetric centre is R (Rectus)
- By definition if the direction of travel 1->2->3 is anticlockwise (left turn)
then the configuration of the asymmetric centre is S (sinister)
I've understood what's written above but I can't apply it when I've been given examples
Thanks