beecee

Actually that at best is a poorly worded article, and at worst is just plain wrong. Both QM and GR are correct and entirely evidenced by much data, each within their own zones of applicability. In fact as Strange has mentioned, they have been combined, the problem being that as yet we do not have the technology to verify and observe at such levels. Sure! Are you also going to deny that? One encompasses gravity, the other is a subset excluding gravity. Both theories have been tested and passed with flying colours and continue to make predictions that have been verified...eg: Gravitational waves. But your so called questions have been answered many times by experts. In essence I believe the mods are being extremely generous in keeping this in the sciences section, as I see an underlying agenda, illustrated by some of your arrogance and refusal to accept answers. And particularly in light of your other thread in speculations where you outright deny the validity of SR. The gist of the whole affair is that SR is accepted and shown to be totally valid everyday, and by extension GR.

https://phys.org/news/2019-06-most-detailed-ever-simulations-black-hole-longstanding.html An international team has constructed the most detailed, highest resolution simulation of a black hole to date. The simulation proves theoretical predictions about the nature of accretion disks—the matter that orbits and eventually falls into a black hole—that have never before been seen. The research will publish on June 5 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Among the findings, the team of computational astrophysicists from Northwestern University, the University of Amsterdam and the University of Oxford found that the inner-most region of an accretion disk aligns with its black hole's equator. This discovery solves a longstanding mystery, originally presented by Nobel Prize-winning physicist John Bardeen and astrophysicist Jacobus Petterson in 1975. At the time, Bardeen and Petterson argued that a spinning black hole would cause the inner region of a tilted accretion disk to align with its black hole's equatorial plane. more at link..... the paper: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/487/1/550/5420428 Bardeen–Petterson alignment, jets, and magnetic truncation in GRMHD simulations of tilted thin accretion discs: ABSTRACT: Prevalent around luminous accreting black holes, thin discs are challenging to resolve in numerical simulations. When the disc and black hole angular momentum vectors are misaligned, the challenge becomes extreme, requiring adaptive meshes to follow the disc proper as it moves through the computational grid. With our new high-performance general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) code H-AMR, we have simulated the thinnest accretion disc to date, of aspect ratio H/R ≈ 0.03 ≈ 1.7°, around a rapidly spinning (a ≈ 0.9) black hole, using a cooling function. Initially tilted at 10°, the disc warps inside ∼5 rg into alignment with the black hole, where rg is the gravitational radius. This is the first demonstration of Bardeen–Petterson alignment in MHD with viscosity self-consistently generated by magnetized turbulence. The disc develops a low-density high-viscosity (αeff ∼ 1.0) magnetic-pressure–dominated inner region at r ≲ 25rg that rapidly empties itself into the black hole. This inner region may, in reality, due to thermal decoupling of ions and electrons, evaporate into a radiatively inefficient accretion flow if, as we propose, the cooling time exceeds the accretion time set by the order unity effective viscosity. We furthermore find the unexpected result that even our very thin disc can sustain large-scale vertical magnetic flux on the black hole, which launches powerful relativistic jets that carry 20−50 per cent20−50 per centof the accretion power along the angular momentum vector of the outer tilted disc, providing a potential explanation for the origin of jets in radio-loud quasars.

For someone who has previously accused others of insults and ironic answers, your reply seems pretty arrogant and reflective of your intentions of not listening beyond your own closed mind as evidenced in your quoted statement. Being someone who is totally bereft of the maths and actual inner workings of SR and GR, may I thank Strange, Swansont and particularly Ghideon with your excellent sketches and explanations that even I am beginning to understand.

Interesting to say the least. Again while certainly of the opinion that we are not alone for the many reasons entailing unimaginable numbers, extent, and the stuff of life being everywhere we look, as yet we do not have any empirical evidence for life existing off the Earth, let alone visiting us. I see it as analogous to the fact that 20 years ago[?], we were not aware nor did we have any evidence of planets beyond our solar system. Now of course we have numbers approaching 3000? We have made a couple of assumptions in the past based on observational evidence that Alien life does exist [the Jocelyn Bell, Pulsars and little green men incident, and then the Wow! signal and Big Ear telescope] and I also remember reading somewhere about a reputable scientist [not sure who, Seth Shostak or Carl Sagan ???] claiming that he believes we will have the convincing evidence of ETL in the next decade or two. I for one wish they would hurry up and find that evidence before I kick the bucket! With the list of unexplained sightings over the years, my thoughts are one of the many known atmospheric phenomena that may occur, and even perhaps atmospheric phenomena that as yet we are not aware of. Light does have a good record of playing tricks on us and our brains.

Yep, all societies have their ratbags, and certainly strict gun laws cannot stop all those that have some evil intent in mind, it can though and does make it more difficult to obtain a weapon, and of course eliminates to an extent "the spur of the moment" brain snap by an individual in a domestic situation that does not have a gun.

Quite a coincidence as I was "coerced" into watching this with a mate on Sunday on Netflix. I would agree that it is probably among the 5% of sightings that can really be classed as UFO's. On trying to approach the incident with my friend who was entirely captivated, I used my usual argument re Alien origin UFOs, and the query as to why they just keep flittering in and flittering out again without making their contact official. That along with the fact that such any life form with the technology to travel light years at unbelievable speeds that our own technology has not mastered, would not really have much to be afraid of, from us, nor would really be in need of any particular thing, like water for example, as the universe/galaxy is full of exactly what we have here on Earth. My own first thoughts on this particular sighting/s, was some unusual, perhaps unknown atmospheric phenomena. There are many such examples with clouds and lightning etc and they certainly can be realisitic looking to fool fighter pilots etc. But anyway I decided to search again and found this "atmospheric event"......https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_studies_of_UFOs#Fata_Morgana Fata Morgana is a type of mirage A Fata Morgana of a boat below the horizon produces the illusion of a solid form floating in the sky. The UFOs seen on radar can also be due to Fata Morgana, since water vapor in the air can create radar mirages more readily than temperature inversions can create optical mirages. According to GEPAN/SEPRA, the official UFO investigation in France, :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: In this case it certainly at this time remains Unidentified.

Perhaps also I should have referred to matter instead of mass, as I believe you are correct. Induced fission reaction. A neutronis absorbed by a uranium-235 nucleus, turning it briefly into an excited uranium-236 nucleus, with the excitation energy provided by the kinetic energy of the neutron plus the forces that bind the neutron. The uranium-236, in turn, splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and releases a small amount of free neutrons. At the same time, one or more "prompt gamma rays" (not shown) are produced, as well. from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

I'm pretty sure that in actual fact no mass disappears, rather it is simply the release of "binding energy" that holds the protons and neutrons together. The mass residue from nuclear fission is Barium and Krypton. I'm willing to be corrected on that score though.

https://phys.org/news/2019-06-heart-lonesome-galaxy-brimming-dark.html Heart of lonesome galaxy is brimming with dark matter: Isolated for billions of years, a galaxy with more dark matter packed into its core than expected has been identified by astronomers using data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. The galaxy, known as Markarian 1216 (abbreviated as Mrk 1216), contains stars that are within 10% the age of the universe—that is, almost as old as the universe itself. Scientists have found that it has gone through a different evolution than typical galaxies, both in terms of its stars and the invisible dark matter that, through gravity, holds the galaxy together. Dark matter accounts for about 85% of the matter in the universe, although it has only been detected indirectly. more at link....... the paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1008 The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216: Abstract: Spatially compact stellar profiles and old stellar populations have established compact elliptical galaxies (CEGs) as local analogs of the high-redshift "red nuggets" thought to represent the progenitors of today's early-type galaxies (ETGs). To address whether the structure of the dark matter (DM) halo in a CEG also reflects the extremely quiescent and isolated evolution of its stars, we use a new ≈122 ks Chandra observation together with a shallow ≈13 ks archival observation of the CEG Mrk 1216 to perform a hydrostatic equilibrium analysis of the luminous and relaxed X-ray plasma emission extending out to a radius 0.85r 2500. We examine several DM model profiles and in every case obtain a halo concentration (c 200) that is a large positive outlier in the theoretical ΛCDMc 200–M 200relation; i.e., ranging from 3.4σ to 6.3σ above the median ΛCDM relation in terms of the intrinsic scatter. The high value of c 200 we measure implies an unusually early formation time that firmly establishes the relic nature of the DM halo in Mrk 1216. The highly concentrated DM halo leads to a higher DM fraction and smaller total mass slope at 1 R ecompared to nearby normal ETGs. In addition, the highly concentrated total mass profile of Mrk 1216 cannot be described by modified Newtonian dynamics without adding DM, and it deviates substantially from the radial acceleration relation. Our analysis of the hot plasma indicates that the halo of Mrk 1216 contains ≈80% of the cosmic baryon fraction within r 200. The radial profile of the ratio of cooling time to freefall time varies within a narrow range (t c/t ff ≈ 14–19) over a large central region (r ≤ 10 kpc), suggesting "precipitation-regulated active galactic nucleus feedback" for a multiphase plasma, although there is little evidence at present for cool gas in Mrk 1216. Finally, other than its compact stellar size, the stellar, gas, and DM properties of Mrk 1216 are remarkably similar to those of the nearby fossil group NGC 6482.

A follow up to the original article and paper in the OP........ https://phys.org/news/2019-06-mystery-galaxy-dark.html Researchers solve mystery of the galaxy with no dark matter: A group of researchers from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) has clarified a 2018 mystery in the field of extragalactic astrophysics: The supposed existence of a galaxy without dark matter. Galaxies with no dark matter are impossible to understand in the framework of the current theory of galaxy formation, because the role of dark matter is fundamental in causing the collapse of the gas to form stars. In 2018, a study published in Nature announced the discovery of a galaxy that apparently lacked dark matter. Now, according to an article published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) a group of researchers at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) has solved this mystery via a very complete set of observations of KKS2000]04 (NGC1052-DF2). more at link..... the paper: A distance of 13 Mpc resolves the claimed anomalies of the galaxy lacking dark matter: Abstract: The claimed detection of a diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter represents a possible challenge to our understanding of the properties of these galaxies and galaxy formation in general. The galaxy, already identified in photographic plates taken in the summer of 1976 at the UK 48-in Schmidt telescope, presents normal distance-independent properties (e.g. colour, velocity dispersion of its globular clusters). However, distance-dependent quantities are at odds with those of other similar galaxies, namely the luminosity function and sizes of its globular clusters, mass-to-light ratio, and dark matter content. Here we carry out a careful analysis of all extant data and show that they consistently indicate a much shorter distance (13 Mpc) than previously indicated (20 Mpc). With this revised distance, the galaxy appears to be a rather ordinary low surface brightness galaxy (Re = 1.4 ± 0.1 kpc; M⋆ = 6.0 ± 3.6 × 107 M⊙) with plenty of room for dark matter (the fraction of dark matter inside the half-mass radius is >75 per cent and Mhalo/M⋆>20) corresponding to a minimum halo mass >109 M⊙. At 13 Mpc, the luminosity and structural properties of the globular clusters around the object are the same as those found in other galaxies.

A long long time ago, when I wore a younger man's clothes [to quote a great singer and song] I also brewed my own beer. While sterilization is certainly the most important part of the process, all we used was Hypo [Sodium hypochlorite] then washed the bottles out with clean water, and stand upside down overnight to drain properly. We only ever had a problem with our first batch, after which we were brewing a great drop that was the envy of all my friends, with no ill effects after drinking!

I bloody well hate this, yet for some reason watched it in its entirety.......

Which is why I asked you the following.... and as yet you have failed to answer..... All I see so far, are attempts by others that do have some of the expertise that you mention, showing where you are in error.

Exactly! So then please explain to me why I should accept the claims and supposed mathematical ability, of someone on a public science forum, open to any Tom, Dick and Harry, or even cranks of many persausions, against more then 100 years of experimental verification and reputable renowned mathematical calculations from accepted mathematicians?

Abiogenesis, by definition is the "the origin of life"from non-living matter. In fact Abiogenesis is really the only scientific answer as to the origin of life universally speaking, considering the possibility of Panspermia. The papers may not have mentioned Abiogenesis per se, but obviously it is what it is pertained to. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/history-of-life-on-earth/history-life-on-earth/a/hypotheses-about-the-origins-of-life Hypotheses about the origins of life The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, Miller-Urey experiment, and RNA world. Key points: The Earth formed roughly 4.54.54, point, 5 billion years ago, and life probably began between 3.53.53, point, 5 and 3.93.93, point, 9 billion years ago. The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis suggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules, with “building blocks” like amino acids forming first and then combining to make complex polymers. The Miller-Urey experiment provided the first evidence that organic molecules needed for life could be formed from inorganic components. Some scientists support the RNA world hypothesis, which suggests that the first life was self-replicating RNA. Others favor the metabolism-first hypothesis, placing metabolic networks before DNA or RNA. Simple organic compounds might have come to early Earth on meteorites. Introduction: If there were other life out there in the universe, how similar do you think it would it be to life on Earth? Would it use DNA as its genetic material, like you and me? Would it even be made up of cells? We can only speculate about these questions, since we haven't yet found any life forms that hail from off of Earth. But we can think in a more informed way about whether life might exist on other planets (and under what conditions) by considering how life may have arisen right here on our own planet. In this article, we'll examine scientific ideas about the origin of life on Earth. The when of life's origins (3.53.53, point, 5 billion years ago or more) is well-supported by fossils and radiometric dating. But the how is much less understood. In comparison to the central dogma or the theory of evolution, hypotheses about life's origins are much more...hypothetical. No one is sure which hypothesis is correct – or if the correct hypothesis is still out there, waiting to be discovered. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In essence then, The definition of Abiogenesis is concerned with the formation of most basic and fundamental simplest lifeforms, from a primordial soup of chemicals.

Hmmm, OK my interpretation for what it is worth and based on my limited understanding... To me it seems to be conveying that more recent research into the "Miller/Urey experiment" is telling us that far more organic matter was initiated, and that chemically induced life should be more easy then was once thought, and of course Abiogenesis. How'd I go?

https://phys.org/news/2019-05-nasa-equipment-moon.html MAY 31, 2019 NASA plans to send equipment to Moon from 2020: For the first time since the 1970s, the United States is planning to send equipment to the surface of the Moon in 2020 and 2021, in anticipation of a crewed lunar mission in 2024, NASA said Friday. more at link......

the paper: https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5026556 Electromagnetic properties of the Great Pyramid: First multipole resonances and energy concentration ABSTRACT Resonant response of the Great Pyramid interacting with external electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency range (the wavelength range is 200–600 m) is theoretically investigated. With the help of numerical simulations and multipole decomposition, it is found that spectra of the extinction and scattering cross sections include resonant features associated with excitation of the Pyramid's electromagnetic dipole and quadrupole moments. Electromagnetic field distributions inside the Pyramid at the resonant conditions are demonstrated and discussed for two cases, when the Pyramid is located in a homogeneous space or on a substrate. It is revealed that the Pyramid's chambers can collect and concentrate electromagnetic energy for the both surrounding conditions. In the case of the Pyramid on the substrate, at the shorter wavelengths, the electromagnetic energy accumulates in the chambers providing local spectral maxima for electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that basically the Pyramid scatters the electromagnetic waves and focuses them into the substrate region. The spectral dependence of the focusing effect is discussed. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: I get many scientific articles from there, and I believe it is reasonably reputable. Although at times, what the research/findings and data from the scientists at the coal face find, can be sensationalised at times by the journalists writing the articles for publication. Which is why I mostly include the paper/s if available. On this particular scenario, at first impression I might have said BS, but on reading the paper, it may just be some process due to natural causes and such. Someone more learned then I may like to comment.

https://phys.org/news/2019-05-stabilizing-no-boundary-universe-quantum.html Stabilizing the no-boundary proposal sheds light on the universe's quantum origins: One idea for how the universe began is that the universe may have appeared out of nothing due to some quantum effect, such as quantum tunneling. In the 1980s, Stephen Hawking and James Hartle further elaborated on this idea by suggesting that time did not exist before the beginning of the universe, leading them to conclude that the universe has no initial boundary conditions on either time or space. The idea is called the "no-boundary proposal" or the "Hawking-Hartle state." However, precisely describing how a physical system can transition from zero size to a finite size has been challenging. To describe the quantum effects involved, physicists use the path integral formulation, which involves rewriting a single classical trajectory as an integral over many possible trajectories, resulting in a quantum amplitude. more at link..... the paper: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.201302 No-Boundary Proposal as a Path Integral with Robin Boundary Conditions: ABSTRACT: Realizing the no-boundary proposal of Hartle and Hawking as a consistent gravitational path integral has been a long-standing puzzle. In particular, it was demonstrated by Feldbrugge, Lehners, and Turok that the sum over all universes starting from a zero size results in an unstable saddle point geometry. Here we show that, in the context of gravity with a positive cosmological constant, path integrals with a specific family of Robin boundary conditions overcome this problem. These path integrals are manifestly convergent and are approximated by stable Hartle-Hawking saddle point geometries. The price to pay is that the off-shell geometries do not start at a zero size. The Robin boundary conditions may be interpreted as an initial state with Euclidean momentum, with the quantum uncertainty shared between the initial size and momentum.

The only centers and boundaries we can logically speak of, is the center of our "observable universe"...which of course anyone can legitimately claim, from wherever he is. While knowledge and data of BB model only goes back to t+10-43 seconds, cosmologists are able to reasonably speculate re those early times. During those early times, the four forces we know of today were united in what was called the "Superforce" As space expanded and temperatures and pressures dropped, this superforce started to break up or decouple, gravity being the first. This created what we call phase transitions and false vacuums. eg: the phase transition of ice to liquid water. These false vacuum states may also be responsible for the Inflation epoch. http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/bmendez/ay10/2002/notes/lec19.html During this epoch as temperatures and pressures continued to drop, excesses of energy went into creating our very first fundamental particles, quarks, electrons and such. At three minutes the first atomic nucleus was formed [protons and neutrons] The rest is pretty reliable history. The universe over large scales is homogeneous and isotropic. The same can be applied the the expansion rate...that is, it is only applied over large scales.

The point is as others have been telling you, is that Hg is very toxic and should not be handled and precautions need to be taken.

Simply put, the BB was the evolution of space and time [as we know them] from a hot dense state at t+10-43 seconds. All of space and time [spacetime] that we observe was packed within the volume of an atomic nucleus, and as such it can be realized that the BB happened everywhere at the same instant...

I worked for 27 years at ICI of Australia, 10 of those mainly in the section we called the "cell room" where we manufactured Sodium Hydroxide [NaOH] and Chlorine[Cl] The process involved cells around 100 ft long and 3ft wide and 8in deep. Mercury [Hg] was used as a catylist in the process. The Hg was always as much as possible, kept covered with water, and the factory/warehouse where this was taken place, had industrial fans continually blowing all the time to get rid of the Hg that did happen to evaporate under the hottish conditions where this took place. Also all workers were urine tested once a month, and if personal readings reached a scale 20% below that which was recommended by the WHO, he was immediatley removed from that section into another area of production... In recent times and well after my departure, this method of Cl production was ceased in favour of another method. There was also some ground contamination in that region after something like 40 years of using Hg. That ground now has all been monitored/sifted/removed and other precautions taken at the bequest of the NSW government and at costs to ICI of Australia now known as ORICA. https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/-/media/epa/corporate-site/resources/epa/botany-mercury-independent-review-final-report-160718.pdf?la=en&hash=2A679A3429138 https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/working-together/community-engagement/community-news/orica-botany-bay-incident/orica-botany

Adding to my above comment, there was no specific time line, more just a gradual realization, as one gains life experiences and general knowledge, much as a child gradually doubts the beliefs in Santa Claus and the Easter bunny.