studiot

It is worth pointing out that there is a big difference between the meaning of closed in mathematics and in engineering physics.

You already have a thread about this that you seem to have abandoned ? Don't waste your (and other's ) time on a false concept of 'time'. Time and change are independent variables that are sometimes related, but not always. When they are you can sometimes deduce a subsidiary variable the time time rate of change. But you can also deduce a rate of change with regard to other non time variables. These are basic mathematical definitions and procedures. They are independent because you can have one without the other.

This 1887 presidential address (to the ICE) about renewable electricity might interest by George Barclay Bruce might interest some

Well it is said that everybody in the world is linked to everybody else by no more than 6 links Jordan Ellenberg "Shape"

A pumped storage system has two reservoirs, the ocean could be the second one. Alternatively California already has a dozen desalination plants, so the spent seawater could be desalinated. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/desalination/docs/170105_desal_map_existing.pdf

Totally agree. The theory of Erdos-Bacon numbers applies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Bacon_number

I can't see that the writing in school argument ever gained any traction is British schools. From Victorian to modern times, classroom layout in relation to windows took juaat about every configuration imaginable. Many schools were built upon three or four sides of a square principle with a corridor of classrooms along each compass facing. Also schools were built all over the world encompassing many different aspects, sun entry angles, and architectural features such verandahs or shading canopies. Many factories were built with so called north light rooves to provide even non direct sunlight to the machinery inside. This very poor Wikipedia article refers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_light_(architecture)

First and foremost your comments suggest you don't understand the difference between weight and momentum. Secondly to the west of California there is by far the largest water reservoir in the world, called the Pacific Ocean. There is no requirement for pumped storage to be freshwater. Thirdly energy extraction from flowing water for single properties has been going on since time immemorial. Nor does that energy have to be electrical. In the 15th century the city of Exeter installed a pumped water supply, driven by a water wheel pump.

Start with the molar mass. This is determined by the stoichiometry of chemical reactions. That is it depends completely on chemical composition. A different value for the molar mass may be found when another (usually physical not chemical) method is used to calculate or measure it. This different value is called the abnormal mass. The difference arises because some but not all ( eg colligative properties,) physical effects are due to the number of molecules, not their composition. Changes in composition may arise due to low abnormal molar weight (due to association) or high abnormal mass (due to dissociation). This is a clear explanation with good examples. https://www.chemistrystudent.com/ncert-class-12/1-solutions/abnormal-molar-masses.html

Lifespan would also be an important factor.

Every theory that has ever been has eventually come up against its limits. And every one (from Archimedes on) seems to have a bunch of those hangers on who wish to use those limits to discredit that whole theory,

A few facts and figures for comparison. It is interesting to Google" the world's largest flywheel."

But flywheels don't directly yield electricity. Your pumped storage 75% is presumably electric pump to water storage and back to electricity.

Yes that is what I wanted to discuss. Computer programs are very good at pattern recognition, when asked for a particular configuration to search for. So for instance they are good for fingrrprints, Xray defects etc.

+1 Dinorwig is in Wales, the are are 6 more pumped storage schemes already working or just started in Scotland. Pumped storage has another advantage over a flywheel. - Flywheels run down, the pumped water waits quietly untill you need to use it.