David Levy

What kind of evidence or predictions are you looking for? This theory is the ultimate answer for what we see. No need for a big bang fantasy. No need for dark energy or dark matter. No need for inflation or any other science fiction theory. It's one simple theory which explains the universe as is. If the science community will put some effort on this simple theory, they will find that it is fully correct. The question is – How long do we still need to live in the dark age of the modern science???

Create a new mass - a new mass is created around the galactic nucleus of Spiral galaxy. Nucleus serves as the accelerating (or generator) that creates new material. In the near distance to the nucleus, there are probably tremendous forces and electric fields with huge energy which creates thin layers of atoms (probably -Hydrogen atoms). Those atoms are moving at nearly the speed of light. Due to the pressure, speed, temperature and electric/magnetic fields more heavy atoms are formed as a result of nuclear fusion. (Eg, nuclear fusion between two atoms of hydrogen will generate helium). In this way all the atoms which are known have been created. Due to the high electric field, there is a wide range of intermolecular links. Therefore, all the following molecules are formed: water, carbon dioxide, silicates, and more. Over time, those atoms and molecules crystallize into blocks and gradually migrate outwards from the galaxy nucleus. Star Birth – Those blocks crystallize and form hot mass balls. Each ball absorbs additional mass and increases its size- similar to a snowball. As long as the ball is in the creation mass zone, it will get more mass and increase its size. After quite long time, a hot new star will appear. If it's a high-mass star then it will keep all the light gases (due to gravity) and become a giant gas star. If the mass is significantly larger there is a chance for a nuclear burning activity than it might become a sun star. But when it is relatively small, than the gases might emitted into space and therefore, it becomes a rocky planet like Earth and Mars. Any star in the universe is born as gas star. The Earth was a gas star on its birth day, with 50 times bigger than its size today. Actually 98% of its mass was Hydrogen & helium. It lost all of its gas to space. Hence, the galactic nucleus of Spiral galaxy is the ultimate womb of mother galaxy. This is the only place in the universe for mass creation and new star birth!!! For more information please see: [link removed]

Hello pwagen Disc Shape system – "This is obviously false, as we're moving in an orbit". In a disc shape the stars are moving in an orbit. This is correct. Never the less, after billion years there is a chance for drifting inwards or outwards. As the moon is drifting outwards from the earth, I claim that any star in a disc shape is drifting outwards. Hence, the earth is drifting outwards from the Sun and the sun is drifting outwards from the galaxy center. Star age and Orion Nebula – I claim that there must be a fatal error in the formula of calculates the star age based on metallicity. The NASA team found correctly the matter composition on the HD 140283, never the less, the calculation of converting the composition into age is wrong. Based on this fatal error, the science belive that there is new star forming activity at the Orion Nebula, but in reality there is none!!! There must be another good alternative for star age measuring!!! Mass creation - "Why don't we see matter being created at the center of the galaxies?" The knowledge gained from the accelerator in Europe. Wikipedia: "in November 2010 reported that ATRAP group could develop a new method for producing anti-atoms - hydrogen. Method is based on the slowing down of anti-particles - protons and uniting with slow positrons."Just as scientists were able to produce anti-matter in the accelerator, it is likely that nature has managed a little bit better and could also produce the ultimate accelerator of nature which is the nucleus of Spiral Galaxy. Galactic nucleus - the nucleus of the Spiral galaxy is supper massive black hole – Wikipedia: "A supper massive black hole defined mass ranges from100 thousand to 10 billion solar masses. Scientists tend to assume that such a black hole exists at the center of most galaxies in the universe, including the Milky Way." It holds around hundreds of billions of stars. So clearly, the nucleus creates tremendous power and energy. This huge power and energy has the potential to create a real Hydrogen Atoms. Normally, at a black hole you expect to see a black hole. Never the less, at the center of each spiral galaxy (with a supper massive black hole), we normally see massive light and the famous bar shape. This is the ultimate womb of mother galaxy. This is the only place in the universe for mass creation and new star birth!!! Fred Hoyle had estimated that galaxies have the ability to produce atoms, but he did not foresee the recent developments and the particle accelerator, and therefore did not elaborate on how and where the mass is formed. Create a new mass - a new mass is created around the galactic nucleus. Nucleus serves as the accelerating (or generator) that creates new material. In the near distance to the nucleus, there are probably tremendous forces and electric fields with huge energy which creates thin layers of atoms (probably -Hydrogen atoms). Those atoms are moving at nearly the speed of light. Due to the pressure, speed, temperature and electric/magnetic fields more heavy atoms are formed as a result of nuclear fusion. (Eg, nuclear fusion between two atoms of hydrogen will generate helium). In this way all the atoms which are known have been created. Due to the high electric field, there is a wide range of intermolecular links. Therefore, all the following molecules are formed: water, carbon dioxide, silicates, and more. Over time, those atoms and molecules crystallize into blocks and gradually migrate outwards from the galaxy nucleus. Star Birth – Those blocks crystallize and form hot mass balls. Each ball absorbs additional mass and increases its size- similar to a snowball. As long as the ball is in the creation mass zone, it will get more mass and increase its size. After quite long time, a hot new star will appear. If it's a high-mass star then it will keep all the light gases (due to gravity) and become a giant gas star. If the mass is significantly larger there is a chance for a nuclear burning activity than it might become a sun star. But when it is relatively small, than the gases might emitted into space and therefore, it becomes a rocky planet like Earth and Mars. "How would the spiral arms increase the speed of the stars, exactly?" New star locked by interior side of spiral arm –The newborn star migrates outwards from the galactic nucleus. The Electric fields and forces in the nucleus of the galaxy form the shape of the famous BAR which is visible in most of the spiral galaxy. The star on the edge of the BAR continues with its outwards migration and starts penetrating to the gravitational forces of the interior side of the spiral arms. Therefore, It reduces its velocity and continue to rotate till it finely locked by the gravitational power of one of the spiral arm. It's similar to roulette ball bouncing between the cells numbers until it lost the speed and finally set in one of the cells. Spiral arm - Spiral arm acts as a chain of star which is connected to each other by the gravitational power. This maintains the flat & high velocity. In fact, the galactic nucleus of a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains a mass of millions of suns. This core rotates on its axis and creates a circular motion for all the stars which are relatively close to it. Thus, rotation of a star near the galactic nucleus causes a higher speed to another star which is a little farther from the nucleus. It can be simulated as series of balls which are connected by elastic cord to each other. In one side the cord is connected to a spinning axis. Hence, the velocity of the other end of the cord will be directly affected by the rotation of the axis. The balls in this example are the stars and the elastic cord is the gravitational power. Note that all the stars in the Milky Way galaxy orbit in a uniform direction. All in one direction. Spiral arm is the ultimate answer for the high velocity of a star which is located far away from the galactic nucleus. A brief calculation- Most of the 400 Billion stars are located at the spiral arms. Let's say about 70 Billion stars per arm. The length of each arm is about 70,000 years light and its diameter is 1000 light year. So, by average, there are about 10 million stars is a 1000 x 1000 light year. That should be good enough to hold the gravitational chain power of the spiral arm!!!

Dear IM Egdall I do believe that the big bang is the new religion of the current astronomy science. We have to believe that it happened. We can't even think that it is a fiction. There are so many black holes in the Big bang theory. Think about spiral galaxy - So far the science has no real answer to this phenomenon. Therefore, they have invented the idea of dark matter. Even the current concept of measuring the star age is wrong. By Wiki: "The metallicity of an astronomical object may provide an indication of its age". Therefore, the science has a severe confusion where is the place for a star birth. Thing about the HD 140283 which is a metal-poor subgiant star about 190.1 light years away from the Earth.[2] Research has found it to be 14.46 ± 0.8 billion years old while the age of the whole universe is less. For me it is absolute illogical. The science must look for better way to measure the age of star. The science could not explain how we have today the shape of the universe – therefore they have invented the inflation theory. And so on. Hence, the science does whatever it takes to come with supportive theories which by definition are science fiction theories. If you try to think on each individual theory – you will feel that it is a science fiction story. The science rejects any alternative. They can't reject the theory of the new angel - Stephen William Hawking??? I'm sure that there is an alternative. I have already published it in this forum. Unfortunately, people attack me personally instead of giving a second think about any alternative idea. For me, we are living today in the dark age of the science. The big bang is the new god of the advanced science. Science which dare to ask question are automatically rejected from the elite science community. Somehow, I feel like Charles Darwin. If you take his approch for the diversity of life and try to set the same approch for the the diversity of star and galaxy in the universe, you may get to the same outcome as I did. So, let's summarize the outcome: 1. Mass creation – The center of the spiral galaxy is the place for mass creation. Starting from hydrogen to all the known atoms and molecules – including water and silicates. No need for supernova for generating all the known atoms and molecules. 2. Star birth – Each star collects its matter which had been generated – as a snow ball. Therefore, the core of the spiral galaxy is the only place for star forming. Each star gets all the matter on his birth!!! (There is no possibility for star forming in a nubilla). Therefore, the Earth had been created as a gas star – with about 98% of Hydrogen and helium. What we see today is only the left over. Same story to all solid stars that we see in the univers. 3. Disc Shape system – In any disc shape system the stars are moving outwards!!! Therefore, also the Earth is moving away from the sun and the sun is moving away from the galaxy center. 4. Dark matter - The spiral arms are responsible for the high speed of the stars in the galaxy. Therefore, there is no need for dark Matter. 5. Each spiral arm galaxy is generated from some sort of a seed (which might be a megnator or quasar). 6. Universe expending - Each new spiral galaxy is drifting away from the Mother' spiral galaxy. Therefore, at the far end of the universe, the galaxies are moving at ultra high speed. And also, the galaxies are moving in all directions. 7. Universe life – The life of the universe is much' much longer from 13.75 Billion years. It is billion over billion life years I'm quite sure that the science will reject my concept and attack me personally. You may also join them. But one day the truth will be discovered!!!

The objection was that Andromeda is an example of colliding galaxies phenomena which shows that the big bang theory is a fantasy story. However, the illogical supportive theories do not give a real answer to this issue.

Thanks Wikipedia – "Metric expansion is a key feature of Big Bang cosmology and is modeled mathematically with the FLRW metric." So there is a Big Bang theory which sounds like a fantasy story... In order to explain it, our great scientists invent new supportive theories - for example Dark matter, dark energy, inflation…. and metric expansion of space. If the Big bang sound as a fantasy story, than all the supportive theories sounds like a dream… Never the less, the science is using those illogical theories to explain a fantasy theory. Bravo!!!!

The concept of one Big Bang is a pure fantasy!!! Just one example of Colliding Galaxies which contradicts the concept of the Big Bang that all the mass of the universe had been generated in one point in space. Andromeda is about 2.2 million light-years distant from Milky Way. As it is moving directly to the Milky Way, it is clear that in the past the distant was much longer. Therefore, 13.75 Billion years ago the distant was about 15 Million Light years. So how come that those two Galaxies were so far aware at the moment of the Big bang? Is it possible that there were two or more Big Bangs??? This is only one example for two galaxies which are in colliding direction. There are so many other open issues. The Big Bang theory doesn't give a real answer…

Yes, We can!!! Darwin also verified the landscape. He had found Shells Fossils at the top of the mountains. I assume that He understood that this is not a natural habitat for the Shells. So, it must descended over time. O.K. Let's think on a black hole – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole Wiki – "A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping" Now, let's add all the back holes in the universe to it. Billion? 10 Billion? Billion of Billion? Lets also add all the galaxies, visible matter and dark matter in the universe. Now, what might be the gravity of this back hole? What kind of force is needed for light escaping? What is the chance for any matter escaping??? Darwin had rejected the concept of life creation by some sort of big bang. I assume that Darwin concept by definition rejects the current concept for the Big Bang Theory. "All we see have descended over time" At Darwin's time, the concept was that the Earth life is much less than 100 thousand years. What is the chance that the universe life if much much more than 13.75 billion years???

Yes, let's start with life creation; Think about the development of life. What was the concept before Darwin's time? Don't you agree that most of the people believed that the life had been created in some sort of big bang which create all life versatilities??? Darwin had proved that it was wrong concept. "The lives of all we see have descended over time". Therefore, we had stopped thinking on life creation and started to think on life evolution. There is still a question how the first cell of life had been created, but we have some speculations. With regards to the universe creation: it might be a similar story. Darwin rejects the concept of big bang for creation. All we see in the universe have descended over time. Hence, there must be a mechanism which generate new mass as the universe expends.

Just think about Darwin. What could be Darwin's reply about the Big Bang Theory???

I have alraedy did Update stady state Theory advertising link to other thread removed

The core of the spiral galaxy is the only place in the universe which generates a star… Just think about the Hydrogen and Helium.. Put those gases in the space and after one second those gases disappeared. It is similar to the question: where a baby can be born??? As a baby can be only born in the womb, a star can be only be born in the center of the spiral galaxy. This is the only place in the universe where the power of gravity is so strong to press the gas and other matter into a star. All the other theories are pure fantasy…

How does the science explain this huge quantity of ice in that planet? Isn't it contradict to the current theory of star creation?

I have already did. Please see: Update stady state Theory With regards to your remarks: 5."Stay on topic" – Yes, I have directly replied to the topic. The first message from pantheory about this thread was as follow: "For dark matter to be infact the gravitational influence that explains the motions of spiral galaxies via gravitational influences therefore exonerating General Relativity and Newtonian gravity it would need to have a specific observable behavior. This dark matter hypothesis now seems to be in serious question based uponthis link". Therefore, as the Dark matter is in a serious question, it is clear that there is contradiction in the current theory of the motions of spiral galaxies. Hence, I have explained why there is no need for dark matter to sustain the motion of spiral galaxies. Therefore, there is no attempt to hijack this thread!!! It is a direct answer to the main topic of this thread. 10.Keep alternative scienceand your own personal conjecture to the appropriate forum (Speculations)… Posting pet "theories" in mainstream science forums is considered thread hijacking. Yes, the dark matter is considered as a mainstream science!!! Unfortunately for this mainstream theory, the dark matter is not present where the science had expected and verified by NASA… Please see the following article: Mysterious Dark Matter Becomes More Mysterious http://www.sciencefo..._40#entry715604 "So, if dark matter is not present where we expected it, a new solution for the missing mass problem must be found". I have offered a very logical solution for this problem. If you still consider it is an hijack, than I have nothing to add….

You must get professional support for improving your difficulties in understanding

It's seems that you do not even try to get the conclusion of those articles. As usual, you are absolutely locked in you prejudice,therefore, you can't look behind your nose. The main Idea is that the dark matter is not present where the science had expected… So, I will try to help you by one more article as follow: Mysterious Dark Matter Becomes More Mysterious http://www.sciencefo..._40#entry715604 "The amount of mass that we derive matches very well with what we see —stars, dust and gas — in the region around the Sun," team leader Christian MoniBidin said in a press release. "But this leaves no room for the extra material— dark matter — that we were expecting. Our calculations show that it should have shown up very clearly in our measurements. But it was just not there!" "Despite the new results, the Milky Way certainly rotates much faster than the visible matter alone can account for,"Moni Bidin said. "So, if dark matter is not present where we expected it, a new solution for the missing mass problem must be found. Please let me know if you still have Difficulties in understanding

Not for you!!!

A message from NASA: "Hubble Findings Cast Doubt On Dark Matter Theories" http://www.redorbit....atter-theories/ Please also see: "For the first time, the results show that WIMP candidates within a specific range of masses and interaction rates cannot be dark matter. A paper detailing these results appeared in the Dec. 9, 2011, issue of Physical Review Letters". http://www.nasa.gov/...r-insights.html Those evidences give a significant proof for the Updated steady state theory!!! In the steady state theory, there is no need for Dark Matter!!!

Thanks, Do appriciate. Hi I can't except or understand your negative approach. It seems that you are not open for getting the idea that there is no dark matter. This is not a speculation. It is a clear evidence. The theory of the dark matter was a supper speculation!!! Even now, based on NASA verification, it's difficult for you to except it. It is clear that without the dark matter there is no existence to some key theories which most of the Scientists believe in. (including the Big Bang…) The idea of the dark matter came as the science could not explain the base for the high velocity of star which is far away from the core of Spiral Galaxy. I had found that there is no need for dark matter to support this high velocity. I have even made a calculation which should explain this phenomenon. So why are you so upset??? Why do you insist to prevent any progress and close our mind for new idea which contradicts your false faith??? It's the time for you to reconsider the current theories based on the new evidence. Or, is it too much to ask???

No need for dark matter: Spiral arm - Spiral arm acts as a chain of star which is connected to each other by the gravitational power. This maintains the flat & high velocity. In fact, the galactic nucleus of a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains a mass of up to billions of suns. This core rotates on its axis and creates a circular motion for all the stars which are relatively close to it. Thus, rotation of a star near the galactic nucleus causes a higher speed to another star which is a little farther from the nucleus. It can be simulated as series of balls which are connected by elastic cord to each other. In one side the cord is connected to a spinning axis. Hence, the velocity of the other end of the cord will be directly affected by the rotation of the axis. The balls in this example are the stars and the elastic cord is the gravitational power. Note that all the stars in the Milky Way galaxy orbit in a uniform direction. All in one direction. Spiral arm is the ultimate answer for the high velocity of a star which is located far away from the galactic nucleus. A brief calculation- Most of the 400 Billion stars are located at the spiral arms. Let's say about 70 Billion stars per arm. The length of each arm is about 70,000 years light and its diameter is 1000 light year. So, by average, there are about 1 billion stars in a 1000 x 1000 light year. Hence, 1,000 stars per 1 x 1 light year. That should be good enough to hold the gravitational chain power of the spiral arm!!!

Thanks Peter. Yes, good questions. however, I assume that NASA should be the main contact for those kind of data request.

That is based on the big bang theory. Never the less, based on the Updated Steady State, New mass is generated and keeps the density of the universe constant during the expention. Therefore, no need to worry about the Photons Redshift...

Hi Arnaud Let's make it clear. I realy want to get further info on your idea. Please open a new thread or send me an email. Please also feel free to add your coments about the Updated Steady state theory. Thanks Hi Klaynos I have no Idea about the 'prediction' Theory. However, Based on the Updated Steady state theory, The Daughter Galaxy migrates away from the Mother Galaxy. My speculation is that M33 is a Daughter Galaxy of Andromeda. So far I couldn't find info about the relative speed between those two Galaxies.

Arnaud Antoine ANDRIEU, please set your idea in its own thread. It is the time for you to stop immediately your constant negative interrupt!!!